Sodium Hypochlorite

Disagreeable, sweetish odor

Faint chlorine-like odor /sodium hypochlorite soln diluted/

1.093 for 5% solution (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.21 (14% aqueous solution, 20 °C)

Saturated liquid density= 66.169 lb/cu ft @ 70 °F

Density should not exceed 1.025 /Sodium hypochlorite soln, diluted/

Relative density (water = 1): 1.1 (5.5% aqueous solution)

Density (at 20 °C): 1.20 - 1.25 g/ml

Greenish yellow liquid

Anhydrous

29.3 g/100 g (0 °C) in water

Solubility in water, g/l at 20 °C: 293 (good)

Boiling point: 111 °C in solution

The anhydrous solid obtained by dessication of the /sodium hypochlorite/ pentahydrate will decomp violently on heating or friction.

May decomp, generating irritating chlorine gas. /Monohydrate/

Decomposed by hot water

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Na2O and /hydrogen chloride/.

MP: 18 °C /Pentahydrate/

-5 °C

-30 - -20 °C

18 °C

The estimated odor threshold is the same as chlorine, 0.3 ppm

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 2 - 2.5

Sodium hypochlorite appears as colorless or slightly yellow watery liquid with an odor of household bleach. Mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)

Large Crystals; Other Solid; Liquid

Greenish-yellow liquid with a disagreeable, sweetish odor; [HSDB] Produced as the pentahydrate; Solid with a mp of 18 deg C; [Merck Index]

Liquid

CLEAR SLIGHTLY YELLOW SOLUTION WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

CLEAR SLIGHTLY YELLOW SOLUTION WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

UNSTABLE IN AIR UNLESS MIXED WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE.

Highly unstable; hypochlorite ion in aq soln is remarkably stable. /Pentahydrate/

The stability of sodium hypochlorite soln used as disinfectants was maintained at 4 °For 2 yr, but after 2 yr @ 24 deg the concn of available chlorine was less than 50% of the original. A more rapid deterioration occurred in soln containing approx 100,000 ppm chlorine than in those containing 50,000 or 10,000 ppm chlorine. At pH 5-6, decomp was rapid, whereas increasing the pH increased the stability. Hypochlorites are stable if kept in a cool place, out of direct sunlight and in purpose made containers.

Two 2.5 l bottles of strong sodium hypochlorite soln (10-14% available chlorine) burst in storage, owing to failure of the cap designed to vent oxygen slowly evolved during storage.

Does not produce red color with phenolphthalein; colorless or slightly yellow liq /Sodium hypochlorite soln, diluted/

ODOR OF HYPOCHLORITES; YELLOWISH CLEAR LIQ /ALKALINE/

Decomp by carbon dioxide from air /Pentahydrate/

Strong oxidizing agent usually stored and used in soln

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Danger

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]；H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]；H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

Chemical: Hypochlorous acid, sodium salt

Commission Regulation (EC) No 2229/2004

Hypochlorous acid, sodium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Hypochlorous acid, sodium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

2008/127/EC, Reg. (EU) 2022/801, Reg. (EU) No 190/2013, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011

Status: Active Update: 13-05-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15516；Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 28-03-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23365

Sodium hypochlorite: HSNO Approval: HSR003698 Approved with controls

IMAP assessments - Hypochlorous acid, sodium salt: Human health tier II assessment

Corrosive

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Store in a cool, dark place, away from combustible materials. Emits chlorine gas when burned.；Behavior in Fire: May decompose, generating irritating chlorine gas. (USCG, 1999)

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.；· Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).；· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.；· Containers may explode when heated.；· For electric vehicles or equipment, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

FIRE RISK IN CONTACT WITH ORG MATERIALS.

Not flammable /SRP: Acts as oxidizer with combustible material./

INHALATION: Will produce severe bronchial irritation and pulmonary edema. INGESTION: burning of mouth, nausea and vomiting, delirium, coma. EYES & SKIN: can be irritating if contact is maintained. (USCG, 1999)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.；· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.；· Avoid any skin contact.；· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

Corrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] Addition of acid to hypochlorite solution releases chlorine gas; Addition of ammonia releases chloramine gas; High inhalation exposure, especially if in confined space, can cause pulmonary edema; Ingestion can cause methemoglobinemia; Ingestion or 3% to 5% solution will cause burning of mouth and throat without other injury expected; [HSDB] Household bleaches (approximately 5% sodium hypochlorite) are irritants; more concentrated bleaches (10-15% sodium hypochlorite) are corrosive. [ICSC] The pentahydrate is decomposed by carbon dioxide in the air; The anhydrous form is highly explosive; [Merck Index] Only commercially produced as an aqueous solution; [EFSA] See Hypochlorous acid.

1791 154

Sodium hypochlorite is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Salts, Basic；Oxidizing Agents, Strong；Water and Aqueous Solutions

Symbol: Xi; R: 31-36/38; S: (1/2)-28-45-50-61; Note: B

Symbol: C, N; R: 31-34-50; S: (1/2)-28-45-50-61; Note: B

UN Hazard Class: 8

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: II, III

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Amines and oxidizable material such as oxalic acid. May produce explosive chloroamines with amines.；Fire Extinguishing Agents: Chemical, CO2, foam, or water in flooding quantities. (USCG, 1999)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.；· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.；· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

INHALATION: Sips of milk or other demulcent.；EYES: Flush with plenty of water for 15 minutes.；SKIN: Wash contaminated area with soap and water.；(USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

Separated from acids. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Keep in the dark. Well closed. Store only in original container.

Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents, acids and food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Keep in the dark. Well closed. Store only in original container.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Hypochlorite soln (containing more than 7% available chlorine, by wt)/

Cool exposed containers with water. /Monohydrate/

Store at a temp not exceeding 20 °C away from acids in well-fitted air-tight bottles, closed with a glass stopper or suitable plastic cap. Protect from light. /Strong sodium hypochlorite soln/

Vent caps should be checked with full personal protection, and material should be stored at 15-18 °C and out of direct sunlight. ...

Solutions in water are storage hazards due to oxygen evolution.

Environmental considerations-land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete; absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder; neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) /Sodium hypochlorite soln (Hypochlorite soln containing not more than 7% available chlorine, by wt)/

Environmental considerations- water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3); if dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concn, apply activated carbon at 10 times the spilled amt; use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Sodium hypochlorite soln (Hypochlorite soln containing not more than 7% available chlorine, by wt)/

Environmental considerations- air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Sodium hypochlorite soln (Hypochlorite soln containing not more than 7% available chlorine, by wt)/

Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Sodium disulfite; hypo isulfite. (USCG, 1999)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: filter respirator for inorganic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered non-metallic containers as far as possible. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable non-metallic containers as far as possible. Then wash away with plenty of water. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

... Pulmonary edema can occur from chlorine vapors developing after mixing clorox, a 5.25% soln of sodium hypochlorite, and Saniflush (80% NaHSO4).

Chlorine Bleach is a strong corrosive material. Sodium hypochlorite solutions frequently produce small amounts of chlorine gas. If inhaled, chlorine can trigger cough, substernal pain, respiratory distress, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Symptoms may be delayed. Nausea and vomiting are reflex in origin, and headache and loss of consciousness are probably due to the hypoxia caused by pulmonary edema. Dermal contact can lead to redness, pain, and redness of the exposed surface. Eye contact can lead to watering of the eyes. Ingestion can cause pulmonary edema, vomiting or coma. Exposure to the skin may cause sensitization or other allergic responses. If the eye is not irrigated immediately after it has been exposed permanent eye damage may occur. Toxicity described in animals from single low-dose (1% solution) exposures by ingestion include muscular weakness, and hypoactivity. Long-term administration of compound in drinking water of rats caused depression of the immune system. No adverse changes were observed in an eight week dermal study of a 1% solution in guinea pigs. Tests in animals demonstrate no carcinogenic activity by either the oral or dermal routes.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect；Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.；Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

Dermal

Sodium hypochlorite is a strong oxidizer. Oxidation reactions are corrosive, solutions burn skin and cause eye damage, especially when used in concentrated forms. In particular, hypochorite (HOCl) is known to cause post-translational modifications to amino acids in proteins, the notable ones being cysteine and methionine oxidation. These oxidation reactions can lead to widespread protein aggregation and denaturation, leading to cell death and tissue damage. It is estimated that there are about 3300 accidents needing hospital treatment caused by sodium hypochlorite solutions each year in British homes. A recent European study indicated that sodium hypochlorite and organic chemicals (e.g., surfactants, fragrances) contained in several household cleaning products can react to generate chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Some of these VOCs are toxic and probable human carcinogens. The study showed that indoor air concentrations significantly increase (8-52 times for chloroform and 1-1170 times for carbon tetrachloride, respectively, above baseline quantities in the household) during the use of bleach containing products. Sodium Hypochlorite reacts violently with amines and ammonium salts. Solutions are reactive with common cleaning products such as toilet bowl cleaners, rust removers, vinegar, acids, organics and ammonia products to produce hazardous gases such as chlorine and other chlorinated species.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation. Sore throat. Cough. Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Diarrhoea.

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Skin burns. Pain. Blisters.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1. PAIN & INFLAMMATION OF MOUTH, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, & STOMACH. EROSION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES, CHIEFLY OF STOMACH. 2. VOMITING ... HEMORRHAGE ... 3. CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE, WITH COLD & CLAMMY SKIN, CYANOSIS, & SHALLOW RESPIRATIONS. 4. CONFUSION, DELIRIUM, COMA. 5. EDEMA OF PHARYNX, GLOTTIS & LARYNX, WITH STRIDOR & OBSTRUCTION. 6. PERFORATION OF ESOPHAGUS OR STOMACH, WITH MEDIASTINITIS OR PERITONITIS. 7. INHALATION OF HYPOCHLOROUS ACID FUMES CAUSES SEVERE RESP TRACT IRRITATION & PULMONARY EDEMA. 8. SKIN CONTACT MAY CAUSE VESICULAR ERUPTIONS AND ECZEMATOID DERMATITIS. /HYPOCHLORITE/

INGESTION OF LETHAL DOSE OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE HAD CORROSIVE EFFECT & METHEMOGLOBINEMIA WAS PRESENT.

... An 18 month old girl who swallowed a "few tablespoons" /of liquid household bleach/ and immediately coughed, choked and vomited. Gastric lavage with a weak vinegar solution was performed within 10 min. Promptly thereafter she became lethargic and was admitted to a local hospital in a state of coma. Her temp was 103.2 °F, pulse 160, respirations 88, and blood pressure unobtainable. Rales and rhonchi were audible, & clonic convulsive movements persisted until death, which occurred, in spite of vigorous treatment, 19 hr after ingestion. Postmortem exam revealed focal necrosis, hemorrhage, and superficial erosion of the gastric mucosa, but the presumptive cause of death was an acute tracheobronchitis, & obstructive atelectasis secondary to bronchial exudates. /Hypochlorite/

A 61 yr old woman was completing a hemodialysis treatment when routine cleaning of the hemodialysis machine was started. Approx 2 l of undiluted sodium hypochlorite cleaning soln was added to the dialysis bath. For less than 2 min the chlorox soaked membrane was in contact with the blood returning to the pt. This led to massive hemolysis, hyperkalemia, cyanosis, & cardiopulmonary arrest.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

IN TESTS ON RABBIT EYES, 5% SOLN WHICH HAD PH 11.1 TO 11.6 CAUSED IMMEDIATE PAIN, BUT IF WASHED OFF WITH WATER WITHIN THIRTY SECONDS, LEFT ONLY SLIGHT TRANSIENT CORNEAL EPITHELIAL HAZE & CONJUNCTIVAL EDEMA, WITH RETURN TO NORMAL WITHIN A DAY OR LESS. ... INTERESTING DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RABBIT & MONKEY EYES IN RESPONSE TO EXPOSURE TO 5.5% SOLN HAS BEEN REPORTED ... INDICATING THAT MONKEY EYE RECOVERS MUCH MORE RAPIDLY, MAYBE MORE LIKE HUMAN. ... 1 DROP OF 15% SOLN @ PH 11.2 CAUSED IMMEDIATE SEVERE PAIN ... CAUSED HEMORRHAGES FROM CONJUNCTIVA AND NOSE, PLUS RAPID ONSET OF GROUNDGLASS APPEARANCE OF CORNEAL EPITHELIUM ... FOLLOWED BY MODERATE BLUISH EDEMA OF WHOLE CORNEA, CHEMOSIS ... NEOVASCULARIZATION OF CONJUNCTIVA ... /SCARRING/ OF NICTITATING MEMBRANE ... .

UNDILUTED LIQUID BLEACH (CLOROX) INSTILLED INTO UPPER ESOPHAGUS OF RABBITS & DOGS PRODUCED NO PERMANENT ESOPHAGEAL LESIONS UNLESS LOWER END OF ESOPHAGUS WAS OCCLUDED, IN WHICH CASE HALF OF DOGS DIED FROM ESOPHAGEAL PERFORATION, MEDIASTINITIS & PLEURISY.

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE WAS AMONG CMPD SCREENED & FOUND POSITIVE ON ACTIVATION IN SYSTEM WITH RAT LIVER MICROSOME FRACTION & S9 MIXT APPLIED TO CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATION TESTS IN VITRO.

DISCHARGES IN NW SICILY WERE STUDIED. SAFETY LIMIT OF 0.1 PPM FOR SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE WAS DETERMINED. AT 0.02 PPM RESIDUAL CHLORINE, THERE WAS 50% INHIBITION OF PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of hypochlorite salts in experimental animals. No data were available from studies in humans on the carcinogenicity of hypochlorite salts. Overall evaluation: Hypochlorite salts are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). /Hypochlorite salts/

Chemical: Hypochlorous acid, sodium salt

Commission Regulation (EC) No 2229/2004

Hypochlorous acid, sodium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Hypochlorous acid, sodium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

2008/127/EC, Reg. (EU) 2022/801, Reg. (EU) No 190/2013, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011

Status: Active Update: 13-05-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15516；Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 28-03-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23365

Sodium hypochlorite: HSNO Approval: HSR003698 Approved with controls

Sodium hypochlorite is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Sodium hypochlorite is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0029; Pesticide type: fungicide, antimicrobial (bactericide); Registration Standard Date: 02/01/86; Case Status: RED Approved 09/91; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Sodium hypochlorite; AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance.

D - Dermatologicals；D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants；D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants；D08AX - Other antiseptics and disinfectants；D08AX07 - Sodium hypochlorite

QD - Dermatologicals；QD08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants；QD08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants；QD08AX - Other antiseptics and disinfectants；QD08AX07 - Sodium hypochlorite

V07AV

ITS TOXIC EFFECT IS DUE TO PRESENCE OF CHLORINE.

Trichloroacetic acid was found in the gut contents & plasma of fasted & nonfasted rats 1 hr after dosing with sodium hypochlorite. Thus, the formation is not dependent on the interaction of sodium hypochlorite with foreign organic material in the gut. Dichloroacetic acid was also found in all treated animals. Chloroform generally was present when trichloroacetic acid was detected. Dichloroacetonitrile was found in the gut contents of 2 of 3 nonfasted rats treated with sodium hypochlorite. Addition of 8 mg sodium hypochlorite/ml to nonfasted rat gut contents in vitro produced dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetonitrile, & trichloroacetonitrile.

Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION).

Used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent with applications in the chemical, paper, textile, water treatment, and dairy industries; it is used to disinfectant water in swimming pools and cooling towers of power plants. [HSDB] 5% solution used as a hypo eliminator in photo development; [www.ci.tucson.az.us/arthazards/medium.html] Used in the EU on mushroom crops; Also used in the paint, lime, glass, pharmaceutical, metal (detoxify cyanide baths), and synthetics industries; [EFSA]

Electroplating [Category: Plate]；Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]；Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]；Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing) [Category: Industry]；Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]；Sewer and Wastewater Treatment [Category: Industry]；Photographic Processing [Category: Other]；Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing) [Category: Industry]；Farming (Respiratory Hazards) [Category: Industry]；Glass Manufacturing [Category: Industry]；Metal Extraction and Refining [Category: Industry]

Textile arts [Category: Hobbies]

For Sodium hypochlorite (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 014703) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

BLEACHING AGENT; HOUSEHOLD & LAUNDRY BLEACHING AGENT; BLEACHING AGENT IN PAPER, PULP, TEXTILE INDUST; DISINFECTANT FOR GLASS, CERAMICS & WATER; ALGICIDE & MOLLUSCICIDE IN COOLING WATER FOR POWER STATIONS; BLEACH IN ALPHA-OLEFIN SULFONATE PRODUCTION, REACTANT IN HYDRAZINE MFR

In dairies for disinfecting utensils and apparatus. /Sodium hypochlorite soln/

2023: 1,000,000,000 - <2,500,000,000 lb；2022: 2,500,000,000 - <4,000,000,000 lb；2021: 4,000,000,000 - <5,500,000,000 lb；2020: 2,500,000,000 - <4,000,000,000 lb

(1972) 5.77X10+10 G

(1975) 6.49X10+10 G

Other；Bleaching agent；pH regulating agent；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Soil amendments (fertilizers)；Sealant (barrier)；Brightener；Cleaning agent；Oxidizing agent

pH regulating agent；Bleaching agent；Other；Anti-scaling agent；Intermediate；Processing aids, specific to petroleum production；Oxidizing agent；Cleaning agent；Brightener；Soil amendments (fertilizers)；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Sealant (barrier)

... Sanfourche, Gardent, Bull Soc Chim (4) 35, 1089 (1924); Schmeisser in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry Vol 1, G Brauer, ed (Academic Press, NY, 2nd ed, 1963) pp 309-310. Anhydrous sodium hypochlorite may be obtained by freeze-drying in vacuum (over concn sulfuric acid). Addition of chlorine to cold dilute solution of sodium hydroxide.

Soln of sodium hypochlorite containing 0.45-0.50 g of the salt in 100 ml. Prepd by diluting with distilled water a soln of sodium hypochlorite, adding a 5% soln of sodium bicarbonate, nad adjusting to proper strength and concn according to procedure described in N.F. May be prepared also from 15.4 g chlorinated lime (30% available chlorine), 7.7 g anhydrous sodium carbonate, and 6.4 g sodium bicarbonate per liter; this soln is then adjusted ... /Sodium hypochlorite soln, diluted/

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 014703; Trade Names: Antiformin, B-K liquid, Chlorox, Dakin's solution, Hychlorite, Milton, Mera Industries 2MOM3B, Chloros, Javelle water, Piochlor, Purex.

Modified Dakin's soln; surgical chlorinated soda solution; Carrel-Dakin soln. /Sodium hypochlorite diluted/

Eau de Labarraque; Clorox; Dazzle /aq soln/

Strongly alkaline soln of sodium hypochlorite; 100 ml contains 5.68 g active chlorine, 7.8 g sodium hydroxide, 32 g sodium bicarbonate. /Sodium hypochlorite soln, alkaline/

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Information on 360 consumer products that contain Sodium hypochlorite in the following categories is provided:；• Auto Products；• Commercial / Institutional；• Home Maintenance；• Inside the Home；• Landscaping/Yard；• Personal Care；• Pet Care

Petrochemical Manufacturing；Miscellaneous Manufacturing；Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing；Paper Manufacturing；Services；Other (requires additional information)；Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing；Petroleum Refineries；Paint and Coating Manufacturing；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing；Transportation Equipment Manufacturing；Primary Metal Manufacturing；Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities；Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing；Wholesale and Retail Trade；Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting；Utilities；Mining (except Oil and Gas) and support activities；All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing

Hypochlorous acid, sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

IT IS OF PRIMARY IMPORTANCE THAT STRENGTH OF ... /DILUTED SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE/ BE ACCURATELY ADJUSTED & IT SHOULD BE RETESTED IF KEPT FOR MORE THAN A FEW DAYS.