Sodium Nitrite

Aq soln is alkaline, pH about 9

-3.7

Slightly salty taste

2.17 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.32 at 60.8 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.17

2.2 g/cm³

2.17 @25 °C

White, orthorhombic crystals

White or slightly yellow granules, rods, or powder

Slightly yellowish or white crystals, pellets, sticks or powder

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Sol in water; moderately sol in methanol; sparingly soluble in diethyl ether

Slightly soluble in ethanol

Sol in 1.5 parts cold, 0.6 parts boiling water.

84.8 g/100 g of water at 25 °C

0.3 G/100 CC ETHER AT 20 °C; 4.4 G/100 CC METHANOL AT 20 °C; 3 G/100 CC ABS ALC AT 20 °C; VERY SOL IN AMMONIA.

Decomposes at 608 °F (NTP, 1992)

239 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxide and sodium oxide/.

Decomp above 320 °C; Decomp even by weak acids with evolution of brown fumes of nitrogen oxide.

below boiling point

520 °F (NTP, 1992)

30 °F (USCG, 1999)

271 °C

No melting point; decomposes at 280 °C

284 °C

Refractive index at 598 nm: alpha=1.35, beta=1.65, gamma=1.65

Sodium nitrite appears as a yellowish white crystalline solid. Noncombustible but will accelerate the burning of combustible material. If large quantities are involved in a fire or if the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result. If contaminated by ammonium compounds, spontaneous decomposition can occur and the resulting heat may ignite surrounding combustible material. Prolonged exposure heat may result in an explosion. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires involving this material. Used as a food preservative, and to make other chemicals.

Sodium nitrite solution appears as a clear colorless to yellow solution. Harmful to the environment and somewhat toxic. Used as a preservative, and to make other chemicals.

Liquid; Other Solid; Large Crystals; Liquid; Liquid; Dry Powder; Liquid; CBI; Large Crystals; Other Solid; Dry Powder

White crystalline powder or yellowish lumps

White or slightly yellow hygroscopic solid; [Merck Index]

HYGROSCOPIC WHITE-TO-YELLOW SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS.

Very slowly oxidizes to nitrate in air.

Soln of sodium nitrite are unstable & should be prepared directly before use; cannot be dispensed in acidic vehicles

Danger

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]；H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]；H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P220, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P321, P330, P370+P378, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (2 of 3775) of reports.

Chemical: Nitrous acid, sodium salt

Regulation (EC) No 257/2010

Nitrous acid, sodium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Nitrous acid, sodium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.

Status: Active Update: 09-05-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14890；Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 17-09-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1536；Status: Active Update: 28-09-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/31681；Status: Active Update: 04-07-2012 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/6784

Nitrous acid, sodium salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001286 Approved with controls

IMAP assessments - Nitrous acid, sodium salt: Human health tier II assessment

Oxidizer Poison

Poison

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen may form in fires.；Behavior in Fire: May increase intensity of fire if in contact with combustible material. May melt and flow at elevated temperatures. (USCG, 1999)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen may form in fires.；Behavior in Fire: May increase intensity of fire if water evaporates. (USCG, 1999)

· These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire.；· May explode from heat or contamination.；· Some may burn rapidly.；· Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels).；· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).；· Containers may explode when heated.；· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances ... /Sodium nitrite/ is a strong oxidant and reacts with combustible and reducing materials causing fire and explosion hazard.

MODERATE; A strong oxicizint agent. In contact with organic matter will ignite by friction.

Ingestion (or inhalation of excessive amounts of dust) causes rapid drop in blood pressure, persistent and throbbing headache, vertigo, palpitations, and visual disturbances; skin becomes flushed and sweaty, later cold and cyanotic; other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (sometimes), fainting, methemoglobinemia. Contact with eyes causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)

Ingestion (or inhalation of large amounts) causes poisoning which may produce cyanosis, marked fall in blood pressure, leading to collapse, coma, and possibly death. Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. (USCG, 1999)

· Toxic by ingestion.；· Inhalation of dust is toxic.；· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

Emergency treatment: Nitrites; [HSDB] A strong oxidant that reacts with combustible and reducing substances posing fire and explosion hazard; An eye irritant; Can induce methemoglobinemia; [ICSC] A strong oxidizing agent; May explode on prolonged exposure to heat; An eye irritant; Can induce methemoglobinemia; [CAMEO] May cause moderate eye irritation, based on animal studies; [CHEMINFO] See NITRATES and NITRITES.

1500 141

The food additive sodium nitrite may be safely used in or on specified foods in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) It is used or intended for use as follows: (1) As a color fixative in smoked cured tunafish products so that the level of sodium nitrite does not exceed 10 parts per million (0.001 percent) in the finished product. (2) As a preservative and color fixative, with or without sodium nitrate, in smoked, cured sablefish, smoked, cured salmon, and smoked, cured shad so that the level of sodium nitrite does not exceed 200 parts per million and the level of sodium nitrate does not exceed 500 parts per million in the finished product. (3) As a preservative and color fixative, with sodium nitrate, in meat-curing preparations for the home curing of meat and meat products (including poultry and wild game), with directions for use which limit the amount of sodium nitrite to not more than 200 parts per million in the finished meat product, and the amount of sodium nitrate to not more than 500 parts per million in the finished meat product.

The food additive sodium nitrite may be safely used in combination with salt (NaCl) to aid in inhibiting the outgrowth and toxin formation from Clostridium botulinum type E in the commercial processing of smoked chub in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) All fish in smoking establishments shall be clean and wholesome and shall be expeditiously processed, packed, and stored under adequate sanitary conditions in accordance with good manufacturing practice. (b) The brining procedure is controlled in such a manner that the water phase portion of the edible portion of the finished smoked product has a salt (NaCl) content of not less than 3.5 percent, as measured in the loin muscle, and the sodium nitrite content of the edible portion of the finished smoked product is not less than 100 parts per million and not greater than 200 parts per million, as measured in the loin muscle. (c) Smoked chub shall be heated by a controlled heat process which provides a monitoring system positioned in as many strategic locations in the smokehouse as necessary to assure a continuous temperature throughout each fish of at least 160 °F for a minimum of 30 minutes. (d) The finished product shall be cooled to a temperature of 50 °F or below within 3 hours after smoking and further cooled to a temperature of 38 °F or below within 12 hours after smoking. A temperature of 38 °F or below shall be maintained during all subsequent storage and distribution. All shipping containers, retail packages, and shipping records shall indicate with appropriate notice the perishable nature of the product and specify that the product shall be held under refrigeration (38 °F or below) until consumed.

Sodium nitrite is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite are subject to prior sanctions issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for use as color fixatives and preservative agents, with or without sodium or potassium nitrate, in the curing of red meat and poultry products.

Sodium nitrite is a food additive permitted in feed and drinking water of animals.

Nitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic

Nitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic；Water and Aqueous Solutions

Symbol: O, T, N; R: 8-25-50; S: (1/2)-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 5.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III

Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers - Toxic]:；SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.；LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:；SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.；LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.；· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；Small Dry Spill；· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.；Large Spill；· Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.；SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.；INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.；INGESTION: If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Generally, the induction of vomiting is NOT recommended outside of a physician's care due to the risk of aspirating the chemical into the victim's lungs. However, if the victim is conscious and not convulsing and if medical help is not readily available, consider the risk of inducing vomiting because of the high toxicity of the chemical ingested. Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used in such an emergency. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Get medical attention.；INHALATION: Move to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.；INGESTION: Give patient 2 to 4 glasses of water and induce vomiting.；EYES or SKIN: Flush with water, holding lids open occasionally if necessary. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.

Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents and acids. Dry. Well closed.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Separated from combustible and reducing substances, acids. Dry. Well closed.

It must be stored and shipped separately from oxidizable substances, ammonium salts, urea, food, and animal feeds.

Environmental considerations: water spill: Add soda ash (NaCO3). Add calcium hypochlorite (Ca(CIO)2). Adjust pH to neutral (pH=7).

Environmental considerations: land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Sweep spilled substance into containers. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. (Extra personal protection: P3 filter respirator for toxic particles).

Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers - Toxic]:；Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.；LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:；Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613)

The effects of acidified sodium nitrite, a releaser of nitric oxide, combined with human superoxide dismutase were investigated in a 6 hr model of myocardial ischemia (MI) with repertusion in open-chest, anesthetized cats. Acidified sodium nitrite + human superoxide dismutase together exert significant protection on the myocardium subjected to ischemia and repertusion injury. Sodium nitrite may act synergisticaly with human superoxide dismutase to prolong the action of nitric oxide scavenging free radicals that inactivate nitric oxide.

Chronic sodium nitrite (SN) treatment potentiated spontaneous and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced carcinogenesis. Mice injected with SN alone showed a higher incidence of leukemia and lung cancer than in controls. Combined treatment with DMH and SN induced most of benign and malignant tumors (hepatic hemangioendothelioma, hepatocarcinoma, renal adenoma, etc.). The difference in the numbers of DMH- and SN-induced tumor bearers was not significant until a concentration of 500 mg/L was reached (64.7%). The level of multiple tumor incidence increased when SN 50 and 500 mg/L was used. Unlike DMH alone, cumulative incidence of DMH-specific tumors and leukemia after combined treatment was higher. An evaluation of cumulative incidence and relative risk established an indirect but positive correlation between SN dose, on the one hand, and spontaneous and induced carcinogenesis, on the other. The strongest carcinogenic effect was reported when DMH was used in combination with SN 500 mg/L. /The authors concluded that their/ data confirmed the carcinogenic hazard of chronic exposure to SN which increased when in combination with that to a specific carcinogenic substance.

Combined effects of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline (IQ) on liver, colon and Zymbal's gland carcinogenesis were assessed using a rat two-stage carcinogenesis model, with a focus on involvement of oxidative stress. Male 6-week-old F344 rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg of diethylnitrosamine and 4 subcutaneous injections of 40 mg/kg of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine for initiation. Then, they were administered 0 or 300 ppm IQ in the diet or 0, 0.1 or 0.2% NaNO2 in their drinking water for 27 weeks. The treatment with NaNO2+IQ significantly enhanced colon and Zymbal's gland carcinogenesis and tended to enhance hepatocarcinogenesis. The incidence of lung tumors in the IQ-treated groups was significantly increased as compared with the initiation alone group. In a second experiment, male rats were given IQ or NaNO2 under the same conditions as before for 1 week, and at sacrifice, their liver and colon tissue or mucosa were collected for analysis of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), acrolein-modified protein and the bromodeoxyuridine-labeling index (BrdU-LI) (in the colon). In the colon, 8-OHdG, acrolein-modified protein levels and BrdU-LI were significantly increased by the combined treatment. These results indicate that the treatment with NaNO2 enhances IQ-induced colon and Zymbal's gland carcinogenesis in rats and that oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation may partly be involved, especially in the colon. In addition, this experiment showed that IQ can act as a potent lung carcinogen in rats.

... Short-term effects of combined treatment with anti-oxidants, sodium ascorbate (NaAsA) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) on forestomach cell proliferation were examined in F344 male rats. Groups of 5 animals aged 6 weeks were treated for 4 weeks with 0.8% catechol, 0.8% hydroquinone, 1% tert-butyl-hydroquinone (TBHQ), 2% gallic acid or 2% pyrogallor alone or in combination with 0.3% NaNO2 in the drinking water and/or 1% NaAsA in the diet. The thicknesses of forestomach mucosa in rats treated with anti-oxidants and NaNO2 in combination were greater than those with antioxidant alone and additional NaAsA treatment further enhanced the thickening of mucosa. It was noteworthy that values for mucosae of animals treated with NaNO2 and NaAsA without anti-oxidant were similar to those for anti-oxidants.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRITE (40 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137)

LC50; Species: Cyprinus carpio (common carp, wt 2-78 g); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 35 nmol/L at pH 6.9-7.4 for 24 hr /total/

LC50; Species: Cyprinus carpio (common carp, size 56 mm fork length); Conditions: freshwater; flow-through; Concentration: 15600 ug/L (95% confidence limit: 13300 to 17900 ug/L) for 10 days /total/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 8300 ug/L for 96 hr /total/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 43600 ug/L for 24 hr /total/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRITE (121 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The major environmental releases of inorganic sources of nitrates are due to the use of fertilizers. Most nitrogenous materials in natural waters tend to be converted to nitrate, so all sources of combined nitrogen, particularly organic nitrogen and ammonia, should be considered as potential nitrate sources. Primary sources of organic nitrates include human sewage and livestock manure, especially from feedlots. Because it does not volatilize, nitrate/nitrite is likely to remain in water until consumed by plants or other organisms. Excessive levels of nitrate in drinking water have caused serious illness and sometimes death. The serious illness in infants is due to the conversion of nitrate to nitrite by the body, which can interfere with the oxygen-carrying capacity of the child's blood. Symptoms include blueness of the skin. /Nitrate; nitrite/

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Oral (L1137) ; inhalation (L1137)

Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613)

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) appears to be the most sensitive fish species to nitrite toxicity, with a 96 hr LC50 ranging from 0.56 to 1.78 mg NO2-/L for low chloride water and 11.5 to 17.4 mg NO2-/L for high chloride water, at pH between 7.5 and 8.6 in hard water. /Nitrite/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Salmo gairdneri /exposed/ to 0.1 mg NO2-/L for ... /7wk/ in freshwater caused no lethality, growth reduction, gill histological changes or hematological dyscrasions ... Although 0.05 mg NO2-/L causes significant incr in methemoglobin levels, the change was slight and not of biological significance. /Nitrite (NO2) /

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... /Sodium nitrite/ is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Convulsions. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness.

Redness. Pain.

Increased heart rate. See Inhalation.

Nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137)

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=7632-00-0]

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Chemical: Nitrous acid, sodium salt

Regulation (EC) No 257/2010

Nitrous acid, sodium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Nitrous acid, sodium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.

Status: Active Update: 09-05-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14890；Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 17-09-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1536；Status: Active Update: 28-09-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/31681；Status: Active Update: 04-07-2012 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/6784

Nitrous acid, sodium salt: HSNO Approval: HSR001286 Approved with controls

The food additive sodium nitrite may be safely used in or on specified foods in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) It is used or intended for use as follows: (1) As a color fixative in smoked cured tunafish products so that the level of sodium nitrite does not exceed 10 parts per million (0.001 percent) in the finished product. (2) As a preservative and color fixative, with or without sodium nitrate, in smoked, cured sablefish, smoked, cured salmon, and smoked, cured shad so that the level of sodium nitrite does not exceed 200 parts per million and the level of sodium nitrate does not exceed 500 parts per million in the finished product. (3) As a preservative and color fixative, with sodium nitrate, in meat-curing preparations for the home curing of meat and meat products (including poultry and wild game), with directions for use which limit the amount of sodium nitrite to not more than 200 parts per million in the finished meat product, and the amount of sodium nitrate to not more than 500 parts per million in the finished meat product.

The food additive sodium nitrite may be safely used in combination with salt (NaCl) to aid in inhibiting the outgrowth and toxin formation from Clostridium botulinum type E in the commercial processing of smoked chub in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) All fish in smoking establishments shall be clean and wholesome and shall be expeditiously processed, packed, and stored under adequate sanitary conditions in accordance with good manufacturing practice. (b) The brining procedure is controlled in such a manner that the water phase portion of the edible portion of the finished smoked product has a salt (NaCl) content of not less than 3.5 percent, as measured in the loin muscle, and the sodium nitrite content of the edible portion of the finished smoked product is not less than 100 parts per million and not greater than 200 parts per million, as measured in the loin muscle. (c) Smoked chub shall be heated by a controlled heat process which provides a monitoring system positioned in as many strategic locations in the smokehouse as necessary to assure a continuous temperature throughout each fish of at least 160 °F for a minimum of 30 minutes. (d) The finished product shall be cooled to a temperature of 50 °F or below within 3 hours after smoking and further cooled to a temperature of 38 °F or below within 12 hours after smoking. A temperature of 38 °F or below shall be maintained during all subsequent storage and distribution. All shipping containers, retail packages, and shipping records shall indicate with appropriate notice the perishable nature of the product and specify that the product shall be held under refrigeration (38 °F or below) until consumed.

Sodium nitrite is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite are subject to prior sanctions issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for use as color fixatives and preservative agents, with or without sodium or potassium nitrate, in the curing of red meat and poultry products.

Sodium nitrite is a food additive permitted in feed and drinking water of animals.

Sodium nitrite (not more than 3% of pesticide formulation) is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a stabilizer or inhibitor in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Sodium nitrite is found on List D. Case No: 4052; Pesticide type: rodenticide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 9/91; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): sodium nitrite; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products ... "cancelled.".

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Sodium nitrite is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

(ME) MAINE 1000 ug/L /Nitrite/

EPA 1,000 ug/L /Nitrite/

EPA 1,000 ug/L /Nitrite/

V - Various；V03 - All other therapeutic products；V03A - All other therapeutic products；V03AB - Antidotes；V03AB08 - Sodium nitrite

QV - Various；QV03 - All other therapeutic products；QV03A - All other therapeutic products；QV03AB - Antidotes；QV03AB08 - Sodium nitrite

V03AB08

There is an active endogenous nitrogen cycle in humans that involves nitrate and nitrite, which are interconvertible in vivo. Nitrosating agents that arise from nitrite under acidic gastric conditions react readily with nitrosatable compounds, especially secondary amines and amides, to generate N-nitroso compounds. These nitrosating conditions are enhanced following ingestion of additional nitrate, nitrite or nitrosatable compounds. Some of the N-nitroso compounds that could be formed in humans under these conditions are known carcinogens.

To clarify the mechanisms underlying forestomach carcinogenesis in rats by co-treatment with catechol and sodium nitrite (NaNO2), /the authors/ investigated the involvement of oxidative stress resulting from reaction of the two compounds. Since generation of semiquinone radical, hydroxyl radical (*OH), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) arose through the reaction of catechol with NO, we proposed that superoxide resulting from catechol oxidation reacted with excess NO, consequently yielding *OH via ONOO-. Male F344 rats were co-treated with 0.2% catechol in the diet and 0.8% NaNO2 in the drinking water for 2 weeks. Prior to occurrence of histological evidence indicating epithelial injury and hyperplasia, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in forestomach epithelium significantly increased from 12 hr together with appearance of immunohistochemically nitrotyrosine-positive epithelial cells. There were no remarkable changes in rats given each chemical alone. We conclude that oxidative stress due to NO plays an important role in induction of forestomach epithelial damage, cell proliferation, and thus presumably forestomach carcinogenesis.

... The major concern of possible long-term effects of exposure to nitrate and nitrite is associated with formation of nitroso compounds, many of which are carcinogenic. This formation may take place wherever nitrite and nitrosable compounds are present, but it is favored by acidic conditions or the presence of some bacteria. The gastrointestinal tract and especially the stomach is regarded as the main formation site, but nitrosation reactions can also take place in an infected urinary bladder ... /Nitrate and nitrite poisoning/

The two basic actions of sodium nitrite in vivo are relaxation of smooth muscle, especially of small blood vessels, and in toxic doses the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin.

For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRITE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... Intestinal bacteria were involved in the reduction of nitrite ... Absorbed nitrite is rapidly oxidized to nitrate in the blood by a mammalian process ... The process of nitrate generation parallels the methemoglobin (MetHb) formation ... Nitrite oxidation to nitrate may also occur in the stomach prior to absorption, as demonstrated in vitro for mice. However, under in vivo conditions, nitrite is probably absorbed from the stomach before large quantities of nitrate are formed. /Nitrite/

... Nitrite may be further reduced to nitrogen by bacteria under some conditions. In blood, nitrite transforms hemoglobin to methemoglobin and is simultaneously oxidized to nitrate. Normally methemoglobin gradually reverts to hemoglobin through enzymatic reactions. Nitrite has vasodilating properties, probably through transformation into nitric oxide (NO) or a NO-containing molecule acting as a signal factor for smooth muscle relaxation. Nitrite easily transforms into a nitrosating agent in an acidic environment and can react with a variety of compounds, eg ascorbic acid, amines, amides. Nitrosation can also be mediated by bacteria, eg in the stomach. Some reaction products are carcinogenic (eg most nitrosoamines and amides). /Nitrate and nitrite/

No or very slight increase in blood nitrosamine level was found in human subjects after consumption of nitrate-, nitrite-, and/or amine-rich meals /Nitrate, nitrite, and amine/

The details of nitrite metabolism became a more complex when it was recognized that conversion of nitrite into nitric oxide can occur under certain physiological conditions such as hypoxia. This represents a reversal of the well-known nitric oxide-to-nitrite/nitrate pathways. As noted earlier, experiments in the 1980s showed that the nitrite ion could react with deoxygenated hemoglobin to release nitric oxide, but these experiments were carried out in vitro and their potential physiological relevance was not apparent. Zweier et al. (1995) reported that, in a perfused heart model for ischaemia, nitrite ion was converted in vivo directly into nitric oxide, which demonstrated that the earlier observations did in fact have biochemical implications. These studies have been followed by several related experiments indicating a renewed interest in the biochemistry of nitrite/nitrate. A model for nitrite/nitrate metabolism has emerged based on extensive and sometimes subtle interactions among ingested and endogenously synthesized nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide and some related species, and the physiology of the organism.

Nitrites and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L1137)

Substances capable of inhibiting, retarding or arresting the process of fermentation, acidification or other deterioration of foods.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant &amp; Hackh&apos;s Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

In mice given 400, 800, or 1200 mg sodium nitrite orally in drinking water 99.1 to 99.5% of the dose was eliminated. The remaining nitrite was transformed into nitrate & recovered from the liver & muscle.

Nitrate and nitrite given orally are absorbed and transferred to the blood in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. Abundant pectin in the food may delay absorption which may then occur lower down in the intestine, with possible increased risk for microbial transformation of nitrate into nitrite. /Nitrate and nitrite/

Regardless of route of exposure, nitrate and nitrite are rapidly transferred into the blood. Nitrite is gradually oxidized to nitrate which is readily distributed into most body fluids (urine, saliva, gastric juice, sweat, ileostomy fluid). Distribution of nitrate into plasma, erythrocytes, saliva and urine following an oral dose of sodium nitrate has been demonstrated ... /Nitrate and nitrite/

... Transplacental passage of nitrite occurred in pregnant rats given doses at 2.5-50 mg/kg orally ...

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for SODIUM NITRITE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used for dyeing and printing textile fabrics (color fixative); for bleaching flax, silk, and linen; for recovering tin from scrap; as a preservative in meats, meat products, and fish; as an intermediate in metal treatment and finishing operations; Also used in photography, rubber accelerators, heat-transfer salts, de-tinning solutions and multipurpose greases, drugs (vasodilator, smooth muscle relaxant, and antidote for cyanide poisoning), and to make nitroso and isonitroso compounds, diazo dyes, pharmaceuticals, agricultural pesticides, and other organic chemicals; [HSDB]

Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing) [Category: Industry]；Photographic Processing [Category: Other]；Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing) [Category: Industry]；Metal Extraction and Refining [Category: Industry]

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products ... "cancelled."

Component of heat-transfer salts; chem in metal treatment & finishing operations; component of detinning solution & multipurpose greases; agent for recovery of tin from scrap.

Serves as an anti-corrosion inhibitor for multipurpose greases.

Large amounts of sodium nitrite are consumed in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries for the production of nitroso and isonitroso compounds, diazotization reactions (especially for dyes), and the synthesis of pharmaceuticals (e.g., caffeine) and agricultural pesticides (e.g., pyramin).

(1984) 4.03X10+11 g /Sodium compounds, NSPF/

(1978) 3.94X10+9 G

(1982) 4.68X10+9 G

(1984) 8.14X10+9 g

2023: 25,000,000 - <40,000,000 lb；2022: 40,000,000 - <55,000,000 lb；2021: 40,000,000 - <55,000,000 lb；2020: 40,000,000 - <55,000,000 lb

(1977) AT LEAST 5.0X10+9 G

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule: Reported range in 1986 >500,000 lb - 1 million lb; reported range in 1990 and 1994 10,000-500,000 lb; no reports in 1998; reported range in 2002 10,000-500,000 lb. [Table#2083]

UV stabilizer；Anti-freeze agent；Lubricating agent；Other；Anti-scaling agent；Drier；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Corrosion inhibitor；Stabilizing agent

Defoamer；Oxidizing agent；Propellants, non-motive (blowing agents)；Intermediate；Pigment；Adhesion/cohesion promoter；Etching agent；Flocculating agent；Chelating agent；Corrosion inhibitor；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Stabilizing agent；Preservative；Fixing agent (mordant)；Antioxidant；pH regulating agent；Heat transferring agent；Plating agent；UV stabilizer；Processing aids not otherwise specified

By heating sodium nitrate until it fuses ... adding sufficient metallic lead to completely reduce nitrate to nitrite. ... mixt is lixiviated with water, filtered, partially evaporated, & allowed to crystallize.

Synthesized by a number of chemical reactions involving the reduction of sodium nitrate by exposure to heat, light, and ionizing radiation, addition of lead metal to fused sodium nitrate at 400-450 °C, reaction of the nitrate in the presence of sodium ferrate and nitric oxide at about 400 °C, contacting molten sodium nitrate with hydrogen, and electrolyte reduction of sodium nitrate in a cell having a cation-exchange membrane, rhodium-plated titanium anode, and lead cathode.

Reaction of nitrogen oxides with sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide solution.

Large-scale production of sodium nitrite is now based on the reaction of nitrogen oxides with sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide solution.

Grade: Reagent; Technical; USP; FCC.

Sodium nitrite is sold as the salt and in solution. The finely crystalline, slightly yellowish salt is marketed in untreated form and also after treatment with aryl alkyl sulfonates. The salt contains ca. 99.0 % sodium nitrite, 0.6 % sodium nitrate, < 0.1 % sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, and < 0.1 % water.

Information on 184 consumer products that contain Sodium nitrite in the following categories is provided:；• Auto Products；• Commercial / Institutional；• Hobby/Craft；• Home Maintenance；• Inside the Home；• Landscaping/Yard；• Pesticides；• Pet Care

Food additives

Food Additives -> COLOUR_RETENTION_AGENTPRESERVATIVE -> JECFA Functional Classes

Cosmetics -> Anticorrosive

Other (requires additional information)；All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing；Wood Product Manufacturing；Miscellaneous Manufacturing；Machinery Manufacturing；Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Adhesive Manufacturing；All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing；Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing；Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing；Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)；Paint and Coating Manufacturing；Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing；Wholesale and Retail Trade；Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing；Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing；Transportation Equipment Manufacturing；Primary Metal Manufacturing；All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing

Nitrous acid, sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

Incompatibilities: acetanilide, antipyrine, chlorates, hypophosphites, iodides, mercury salts, permanganates, sulfites, tannic acid, vegetable astringent decoctions, infusions or tinctures.

Addition of sodium nitrite to meat that accounts for 7% of the entire US food supply is generally believed to have reduced the risk of botulism in humans to almost zero. Nitrite retards the growth of botulinum spores, which are prevalent in food.

Nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) ... combines with sodium nitrite used as a corrosion inhibitor.