Sodium borohydride

1.074 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.074 g/cu cm (anhydrous material)

1.07 g/cm³

1.07 @25 °C

White to gray-white microcystalline powder or lumps

White cubic crystals, hygroscopic

Soluble in "Cellosolve" ether

Soluble in ammonia, amines, pyridine, dimethyl ether of diethylene glycol; insoluble in other ethers, hydrocarbons, alkyl chlorides

Solubility (wt/wt) in liquid ammonia, 104% at 25 °C; in ethylenediamine, 22% at 75 °C; in morpholine, 1.4% at 25 °C; in pyridine, 3.1% at 25 °C; in methanol, 16.4% at 20 °C (reacts); in ethanol, 4.0% at 20 °C (reacts slowly); in tetrahydrofuran, 0.1% at 20 °C; in diglyime, 5.5% at 20 °C; in dimethylformamide, 18.0% at 20 °C

Solubility (wt/wt) in water: 55% at 25 °C; 88.5% at 60 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 55

When heated to decomposition emits toxic fumes of /sodium oxides/.

Solutions are rapidly decomposed by boiling.

>250 °C

>400 °C (vacuum) (decomposes)

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.542

Sodium borohydride is a white to grayish crystalline powder. It is decomposed by water to form sodium hydroxide, a corrosive material, and hydrogen, a flammable gas. The heat of this reaction may be sufficient to ignite the hydrogen. The material itself is easily ignited and burns vigorously once ignited. It is used to make other chemicals, treat waste water, and for many other uses.

Dry Powder; Liquid; Dry Powder

Gray to white crystals or powder; [HSDB]

WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER.

Anhydrous material is stable in dry air to 300 °C; decomposes slowly at 400 °C and rapidly at 500 °C

Aqueous solutions are most stable in the presence of small amounts of sodium hydroxide (0.2% for a nearly saturated solution containing 44% sodium borohydride) and can be kept for several days.

~220 °C

Hygroscopic, cubic crystals forming a dihydrate, mp 36-37 °C; anhydrous material is stable in dry air to 300 °C; decomposes slowly at 400 °C and rapidly at 500 °C

Aqueous solutions are most stable in the presence of small amounts of NaOH (0.2% for a nearly saturated solution containing 44% NaBH4) and can be kept for several days; solutions are rapidly decomposed by boiling

Standard enthalpy of formation: -188.6 kJ/mol (crystal); Molar heat capacity 86.8 J/mol K at 25 °C (crystal)

Decomposes on heating to constituent elements

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.4% (3 of 671) of reports.

Danger

H260 (86.7%): In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]；H301 (99.6%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]；H311 (23%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]；H314 (99.6%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]；H318 (71.4%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H332 (16.7%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]；H360 (43.7%): May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P223, P231+P232, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P335+P334, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P402+P404, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 671 reports by companies from 41 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 3 of 671 reports by companies.；There are 40 notifications provided by 668 of 671 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Chemical: Borate(1-), tetrahydro-, sodium

Borate(1-), tetrahydro-, sodium (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Borate(1-), tetrahydro-, sodium (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 10-02-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14382；Status: Active Update: 20-06-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/33312

Borate(1-), tetrahydro-, sodium: HSNO Approval: HSR001294 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Dangerous When Wet

Behavior in Fire: Decomposes and produces highly flammable hydrogen gas. (USCG, 1999)

· Produce flammable gases on contact with water.；· May ignite on contact with water or moist air.；· Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.；· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.；· May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.；· Some are transported in highly flammable liquids.；· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

Combustible. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with acids, alcohol, oxidizing agents or water.

Moderate, when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction with oxidizers.

Supports combustion

Solid irritates skin. If ingested can form large volume of gas and lead to a gas embolism. (USCG, 1999)

· Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.；· May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water.；· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

At lethal concentrations, animals have seizures; [ChemIDplus] Corrosive to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation can cause acute pulmonary edema; [CHEMINFO MSDS]

1426 138

Metal Hydrides, Metal Alkyls, Metal Aryls, and Silanes

UN Hazard Class: 4.3; UN Pack Group: I

Strong Reducing Agent；Water-Reactive；Air-Reactive

SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE is a powerful reducing agent. A chemical base. Absorbs moisture readily forming caustic solution. which attacks aluminum and zinc. A violent polymerization of acetaldehyde results from the reactions of acetaldehyde with alkaline materials such as sodium hydroxide. Calcium oxide or sodium hydroxide react with phosphorus pentaoxide extremely violently when initiated by local heating [Mellor 8 Supp.3:406 (1971]. Using potassium hydroxide to dry impure tetrahydrofuran, which contains peroxides, may be hazardous. Explosions have occurred in the past. Sodium hydroxide behaves in a similar way as potassium hydroxide [NSC Newsletter, Chem. Soc. 1967]. Ignition occurs if a mixture of the hydride and sulfuric acid is not cooled. Contact of glycerol and sodium borohydride leads to ignition, other glycols and methanol are exothermic but do not ignite.

Decomposes on heating and on contact with acids, powdered metals, water and moisture. This produces flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC 0001). The substance is a strong reducing agent. It reacts violently with oxidants. This generates fire and explosion hazard.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:；DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM.；SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.；LARGE FIRE: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.；FIRE INVOLVING METALS OR POWDERS (ALUMINUM, LITHIUM, MAGNESIUM, ETC.): Use dry chemical, DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder or class D extinguishers; in addition, for Lithium you may use Lith-X® powder or copper powder. Also, see ERG Guide 170.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use dry sand, dry powder. NO water. NO foam. NO carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.；· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.；· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.；Small Spill；· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.；· Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.；Powder Spill；· Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry.；· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.

INGESTION: do NOT induce vomiting; give dilute vinegar, lemon juice, milk, or olive oil; call a doctor.；SKIN AND EYES: flood with large amount of water. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

Dry. Well closed. Separated from strong acids, alcohols, powdered metals and water.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Fire extinguishing agents: graphite, limestone, soda ash, sodium chloride powders

Fire extinguishing agents not to be used: Water, carbon dioxide, or halogenated extinguishing agents.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not use water. Use graphite, soda ash, powdered sodium chloride, or suitable dry powder.

Storage temperature: ambient. Venting: sealed containers must be stored in well-ventilated area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.；SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.；POWDER SPILL: Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: chemical protection suit and particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered dry, plastic containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Obvious industrial hygiene recommendations /include/ (1) sodium borohydride is flammable and exothermic in presence of moisture and should be handled with special care to prevent serious burns, and (2) measures should be taken to prevent workers from ocular, cutaneous, or inhalation exposures ...

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Do not use water. Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep out of water sources and sewers. Keep material dry. Do not attempt to sweep up dry material.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin；Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.；Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.

No specific considerations are needed for boric acid or borates except for general health and liver and kidney function. /Boric acid and borates/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ By dermal application to the moist back of rabbits 6 of 10 died when 400 mg was applied in 2 doses in the same area; however, when the same application was made in different areas, no deaths resulted. ... Sodium borohydride on dry skin ... produced no signs of irritation.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ When instilled into the eye of rabbits, 1 mg sodium borohydride produced irreversible damage ...

Inorganic boron compounds (with the exception of hydroboranes) are expected to be nonvolatile and will exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase boron compounds will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. The chemistry of boron is dominated by its tendency to form stable bonds with electronegative atoms, especially oxygen. Reduced boron compounds (halides, hydrides, alkyls and aryls) tend to oxidize and hydrolyze readily, and would be expected to be converted into various boron-oxide compounds in the environment. Inorganic boron compounds are nonvolatile and would not be expected to volatilize from moist or dry soil surfaces. Since the adsorption of boron is expected to be most significant for soils that contain high concentrations of amorphous aluminum and iron oxides and hydroxides, sediments with these characteristics may also strongly adsorb boron compounds. (SRC)

Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if nescessary. treat coma, seizures, hypotension, and renal failure if they occur. There is no specific antidote. Administer activated charcoal (although boric acid is not well absorbed). Consider gastric lavage for large ingestions. /Boric acid, Borates, and Boron/

Hemodialysis is effective and is indicated after massive ingestions and for supportive care of renal failure. Peritoneal dialysishas not proved effective in enhancing elimination in infants. /Boric acid, Borates, and Boron/

In acute poisonings, if a large amount has been ingested and the patient is seen within one hour of exposure, gastrointestinal decontamination should be considered ... .It is important to keep in mind that vomiting and diarrhea are common, and severe poisoning may be associated with seizures. Therefore induction of emesis by syrup of ipecac is probably contraindicated in these exposures. Catharsis is not indicated if diarrhea is present. /Boric acid and Borates/

If ingestion of borate has been massive (several grams), or has extended over several days, administer intravenous glucose and electrolyte solutions to sustain urinary excretion of borate. Monitor fluid balance and serum electrolytes (including bicarbonate capacity ) regularly. Monitor cardiac status by ECG. Test the urine for proteins and cells to detect renal injury, and monitor serum concentration of borate. Metabolic acidosis may be treated with sodium bicarbonate. If shock develops, it may be necessary to infuse plasma or whole blood. Administer oxygen continuously. If oliguria (less than 25 to 30 mL urine per hour) occurs, intravenous fluids must be slowed or stopped to avoid overloading the circulation. Such patients should be referred to a center capable of providing intensive care for critically ill patients. /Boric acid and Borates/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 (rat) = 36 mg/m3

LD50 Rat oral 160 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat ip 18 mg/kg

Chemical: Borate(1-), tetrahydro-, sodium

Borate(1-), tetrahydro-, sodium (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Borate(1-), tetrahydro-, sodium (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 10-02-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14382；Status: Active Update: 20-06-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/33312

Borate(1-), tetrahydro-, sodium: HSNO Approval: HSR001294 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

(CA) CALIFORNIA 1000 ug/L /Boron/

(NH) NEW HAMPSHIRE 630 ug/L /Boron/

(ME) MAINE 1,400 ug/L /Boron/

(MN) MINNESOTA 1,000 ug/L /Boron/

(WI) WISCONSIN 960 ug/L /Boron/

EPA 600 ug/L /Boron/

Used as a reducing agent, a foaming agent, a bleaching agent (wood pulp), and a blowing agent (plastics); Used in the recycling of gold and platinum; [HSDB]

Metal Preparation and Pouring [Category: Foundry]；Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]；Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Reducing agent for aldehydes, ketones and Schiff bases in nonaqueous solvents. Also reduces acids, esters, acid chlorides, disulfides, nitriles, and inorganic anions. Further used to generate diborane, as foaming agent, as scavenger for traces of aldehyde, ketones and peroxides in organic chemicals.

Source of hydrogen & other borohydrides; bleacher of wood pulp; blowing agent for plastics

Recycling of gold and platinum group metals, inorganic and organometallic reductions, /SRP: analytical reagent/.

2023: 1,000,000 - <8,500,000 lb；2022: 8,500,000 - <25,000,000 lb；2021: 8,500,000 - <25,000,000 lb；2020: 8,500,000 - <25,000,000 lb

Bleaching agent；Intermediate；Reducing agent

Prepared from methyl borate and sodium hydride at elevated temperatures.

Manufactured from sodium hydride & trimethyl borate in a mineral oil medium at 275 °C

Commercial sodium borohydride is 97+% pure

Grades of purity: 95-98% minimum purity, dry powder, pellets, 12% solution in 43% aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing；All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing；Paper Manufacturing；Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing

Borate(1-), tetrahydro-, sodium (1:1): ACTIVE