| GHS-Einstufung | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 19.3% (36 of 187) of reports.DangerH301 (33.7%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 187 reports by companies from 27 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
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| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Pyridinium, 1-hexadecyl-, chloride (1:1)Hazard Traits - Hazard Trait UndefinedPyridinium, 1-hexadecyl-, chloride (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Pyridinium, 1-hexadecyl-, chloride (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 25-01-2019 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/17221Pyridinium, 1-hexadecyl-, chloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard1-Hexadecylpyridinium chloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
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| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | Evaluation - Alkyl pyridinium surfactants |
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| Gefahrenübersicht | Irritating to the skin and eyes[HSDB] Allergic contact dermatitis is infrequently documented for quaternary ammonium compounds[Marks, p. 266] Quaternary ammonium compounds have curare-like properties when concentrated solutions are ingestedAffected patients may have methemoglobinemia and hemolysis and die within 1-3 hoursElevated liver function tests were reportedConcentrated solutions can cause burnsNo data on carcinogenicity or teratogenicity[IPCS-PIMs] See Benzalkonium chloride. |
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| FIFRA-Anforderungen | As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Cetylpyridinium chloride is found on List C. Case No: 3013Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide, rodenticide, antimicrobialCase Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.Active ingredient (AI): Cetylpyridinium chlorideAI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled." |
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| Hazard Classes and Categories | Acute Tox. 3 (33.7%)Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 3 |
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| Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations | Mild skin irritationA skin & eye irritant. |
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| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. |
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| Protective Action Criteria (PAC) | 0.060 [mg/m3]0.66 [mg/m3]4.0 [mg/m3] |
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| Wechselwirkungen | AVOID ALCOHOL, WHICH HAS BEEN SHOWN TO INCREASE THE ORAL TOXICITY OF ... CETYL PYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE ... .CURARE ANTAGONISTS SUCH AS NEOSTIGMINE AND EDROPHONIUM (TENSILON) ... MAY ENHANCE THE PARALYSIS ... . /BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE/... ANTAGONIZED BY ANIONIC SURFACTANTS, INCL SOAPS ... .ETHANOL ACTIVATED UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY (P-NITROPHENOL SUBSTRATE) IN RAT LIVER IN VITRO, BUT INHIBITED ACTIVITY @ HIGHER ETHANOL CONCN. ACTIVATION NOT SEEN IN MICROSOMES PRETREATED IN VITRO WITH CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE. |
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| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 200(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.71(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cetylpyridinium chloride is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). However, quaternary ammonium compounds are known to sorb strongly and rapidly in well-mixed systems, to a wide variety of materials (such as sewage sludge, sediment, clay)(4) and the mobility of cetylpyridinium bromide in soil may be considerably less than estimated. Volatilization of cetylpyridinium chloride from moist soil surfaces is not expected as this compound is a salt(SRC). Cetylpyridinium chloride is also not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) as ions do not volatilize. Cetylpyridinium chloride is expected to biodegrade rapidly in soil(SRC) based on sewage studies for structurally-similar compounds. Dodecyl and tetradecylpyridinium chloride, were biodegraded in the Spanish official test (93 and 94%, respectively) and in the OECD Confirmatory test (91 and 92%, respectively)(4).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 200(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.71(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cetylpyridinium chloride is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). However, quaternary ammonium compounds are known to sorb strongly, and rapidly in well-mixed systems, to a wide variety of materials (such as sewage sludge, sediment, clay)(7)therefore, cetylpyridinium bromide should be strongly adsorbed to suspended solids and sediment in water. This compound is expected to exist in the dissociated form in the environment and therefore volatilization from water surfaces will not be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 2(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Cetylpyridinium chloride is expected to biodegrade rapidly in water(SRC) based on sewage studies for structurally-similar compounds. Dodecyl and tetradecylpyridinium chloride, were biodegraded in the Spanish official test (93 and 94%, respectively) and in the OECD Confirmatory test (91 and 92%, respectively)(7).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Cetylpyridinium chloride will exist as the ion in the environment and, thus, will be present solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase cetylpyridinium chloride may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition. (SRC) |
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| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin |
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| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | The Koc of cetylpyridinium chloride is estimated as 200(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 1.71(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that cetylpyridinium chloride is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. However, quaternary ammonium compounds are known to sorb strongly, and rapidly in well-mixed systems, to a wide variety of materials (such as sewage sludge, sediment, clay)(4) and the mobility of cetylpyridinium chloride in soil may be considerably less than estimated(SRC). |
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| Human Toxicity Excerpts | CONCN SOLN CAN PRODUCE CORROSIVE SKIN LESIONS WITH DEEP NECROSIS & SCARRING. /BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE/... POISONING FROM ORAL INGESTION HAS OCCURRED. /CATIONIC SURFACTANTS//Investigators/ ... studied the offspring of 292 women using this medication in the first trimester and found 9 malformations. The rate was 31 congenital defects per 1000 while the mean rate was 16 per 1000. This increase was not statistically significant.Large quantities may cause nausea, vomiting, collapse, convulsions and coma. |
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| Artificial Pollution Sources | Cetylpyridinium chloride's production and use as an antiseptic, as a preservative in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals(1) and as an ingredient in external deodorants(2), and in mouthwash(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). |
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| Environmental Biodegradation | ALKYLPYRIDINIUM DERIVATIVES ARE LESS BIODEGRADABLE THAN MONOALKYLTRIMETHYL & ALKYLBENZYL DIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDES. /ALKYLPYRIDINIUM DERIVATIVES/AEROBIC: Biodegradation data for cetylpyridinium chloride were not located although, based on data for structurally-similar compounds, this compound is expected to biodegrade rapidly in the environment(SRC). Structurally-similar compounds, dodecyl and tetradecylpyridinium chloride, were biodegraded in the Spanish official test (93 and 94%, respectively) and in the OECD Confirmatory test (91 and 92%, respectively)(1). Mean cetylpyridinium (counterion unspecified) removal of 96.0 and 77.2%, respectively, was observed at an activated sludge and a trickling filter wastewater treatment plant in Englandin the Heidelsheim plant in Germany, 95% removal was reported(1). Cetylpyridinium bromide is readily biodegraded in sewage, particularly when the inoculum has been previously acclimated(2,3). |
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| Environmental Bioconcentration | Whole body BCF values of 21, 22, and 13, were measured for clams, fathead minnows, and tadpoles, respectively, under flow-through conditions over a 7-day period, for a structurally-similar compound, cetylpyridinium bromide(1). An estimated BCF of 2 was calculated for cetylpyridinium chloride(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.71(2) and a regression-derived equation(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). |
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| Volatilization from Water/Soil | Cetylpyridinium chloride is expected to exist in the dissociated form in the environment and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces or moist soil surfaces will not an important fate process. Cetylpyridinium chloride is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces as it exists as an ion in the environment and ions do not volatilize. (SRC) |
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| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | IN ISOLATED OBSERVATION ... NO INHIBITION OF PLASMA CHOLINESTERASE WAS FOUND IN RATS SACRIFICED IN EXTREMIS AFTER AN IP INJECTION OF ... CETYL PYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE. A 50% INHIBITION OF RED CELL CHOLINESTERASE ... /WAS/ NOTED, BUT SUCH A DEPRESSION IS NOT EXPECTED TO PRODUCE UNTOWARD REACTIONS.A CURARE-LIKE PARALYSIS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES ... ASCRIBED ... SPECIFICALLY TO CETYL PYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE ... . PARENTERAL INJECTIONS IN RATS, RABBITS AND DOGS HAVE RESULTED IN PROMPT BUT TRANSIENT LIMB PARALYSIS AND SOMETIMES FATAL PARESIS OF THE RESPIRATORY MUSCLES.... TESTED ... @ CONCN OF 0.1% TO 1.0% IN WATER ... SIGNIFICANTLY IRRITATING OR INJURIOUS TO RABBIT EYE.CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE FOUND ... TO BE LETHAL TO RABBITS IN ORAL DOSE 400 MG/KG (180 MG/LB). TOXIC EFFECTS INCL ACTION ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ... .For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Environmental Abiotic Degradation | Cetylpyridinium chloride is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(1). Pyridine has a weak absorption band that extends into the environmental UV spectrum(3), which suggests that direct photolysis is not likely to be an important fate process for cetylpyridinium chloride (SRC). |
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| Probable Routes of Human Exposure | NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 98,375 workers (86,013 of these are female) are potentially exposed to cetylpyridinium chloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to cetylpyridinium chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cetylpyridinium chloride is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to cetylpyridinium chloride predominantly via ingestion or dermal contact due to its use in consumer products, such as mouthwash, external deodorants, and cough lozenges and syrups(SRC). |
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