Dimefox (ISO)

Insecticides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Organophosphate Insecticides

1.115 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.1151 at 20 °C/4 °C

1.115 @ 20°C

Miscible with most organic solvents

Miscible with water at 20 °C.

187 °F at 15 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

85 °C at 15 mm Hg; 67 °C at 4.0 mm Hg

0.36 mmHg at 77 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.11 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure = 48,000 mPa (0.36 mm Hg) at 25 °C; log P= 1.2 (chloroform/water partition coefficient); resistant to hydrolysis by alkali but is hydrolyzed by acids; slowly oxidized by vigorous oxidizing agents, rapidly by chlorine

0.14 mbar (0.11 mm Hg) at 20 °C

0.11 [mm Hg] @20 °C

Danger

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P262, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P262, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

(Non-Specific -- Insecticide, Liquid, Poisonous, n.o.s.) Highly toxic fumes are given off upon decomposition with heat. Container may explode in heat of fire. Decomposes rapidly in the presence of chlorine. Oxidizes slowly in strong oxidizing agents. (EPA, 1998)

Very toxic cholinesterase inhibitor; [Merck Index] The average of two baseline respective cholinesterase activity determinations three days apart, with no exposures to enzyme inhibiting pesticides for at least 30 days, is recommended for each worker prior to exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors because of large inter-individual differences in published baseline values. To be established at least once a year. Removal from workplace exposures is recommended until the cholinesterase activity returns to within 20% of baseline. [TLVs and BEIs]

Highly toxic fumes are given off upon decomposition of DIMEFOX with heat. Container may explode in heat of fire. Decomposes rapidly in the presence of chlorine. Oxidizes slowly in strong oxidizing agents. [EPA, 1998]. Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

A portion of even the most flammable materials is likely to be lost by vaporization. ... The smoke from an open fire used to destroy pesticides will contain some of the poison. Burning should be attempted only in an isolated place. Inhalation of smoke must be avoided. /Pesticides/

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Dimefox is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.

Acute Tox. 1 (100%)

Acute toxicity (dermal) - category 1

Acute Tox. 1

49 216 74; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 75; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 105 44; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 105 45; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

(Non-Specific -- Insecticide, Liquid, Poisonous, n.o.s.) Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/

... Must be stored in its sealed original containers, in well-aired, fresh & dry storehouses or in shaded & possibly well-aired places. It is recommended that the product's temperature ... not exceed 25-30 °C, & keep ... away from sources of heat, free flames or spark-generating equipment. Containers must be stacked in such a way as to permit free circulation of air ... at bottom & inside of piles. Storage areas must be located at suitable distance from inhabited buildings, animal shelters, & food stores; moreover, they must be inaccessible to unauthorized persons, children, & domestic animals. /Prothoate/

Rooms used for storage only should be soundly constructed & fitted with secure locks. Floors should be kept clear & pesticides clearly identified. If repacking is carried out in storage rooms, adequate light should be available; floors should be impervious & sound ... . /Pesticides/

Pesticides containers must be provided with labels indicating the degree of toxicity of the product they contain. The labels must not only give a short description of how to use the prepn, but also state basic precautions to be taken when applying it. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Pesticides of any degree of toxicity should be transported in containers which are clearly labelled, leak-proof, and not easily damaged. They should never be transported /or stored/ beside, or above any type of food, and all spillages should be immediately reported. /Pesticides/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

In some situations where personnel may become accidently contaminated ... it is necessary to provide shower bath in addition to the usual washing facilities. Special arrangements for cleaning clothing & overalls may be necessary ... /Pesticides/

Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DIMEFOX (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.091 [mg/m3]

1.0 [mg/m3]

4.1 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

It has high vapor pressure & should be handled in enclosed places with respirator.

Workers handling and applying organophosphate pesticides (OPP) must ... be given personal protective equipment comprising overalls made of a tight fabric or polyvinyl chloride, gloves, and rubber boots. They must wear a respirator with an activated-carbon gas filter cartridge affording protection for a determined number of working hours. The eyes should be protected by goggles. The signalmen for aerial dusting operations should be equipped with a hat and cape made of polyvinyl chloride or a fabric impregnated with a water repellent. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Some phenothiazines may antagonize & some may potentiate the toxic anticholinesterase effects of ... /organophosphorus insecticides/. /Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors/

Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. Although barbiturates may be used cautiously in treating convulsions, extreme care is essential in handling poisonings due to anticholinesterases, particularly organophosphorus pesticides. Echothiophate, a cholinesterase inhibitor used as miotic, potentiates other such inhibitors ... used for other purposes (additive effects) or possibly synergistic. Those exposed to organophosphate insecticides must take strict precautions. ... Organophosphorus insecticides: additive anticholinesterase effects. Hazardous. Patients on Anticholinesterases (even topical, such as eye drops) should avoid areas where organophosphorus insecticides /have/ recently /been/ used. /Anticholinesterase/

Anticholinesterase (organophosphorus) insecticides antagonize polarizing muscle relaxants. Phenothiazines /and thioxanthenes/: ... May enhance toxic effects of organophosphorus insecticides. /Organophosphorus insecticide/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.2(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dimefox is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dimefox from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.11 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(2). Dimefox is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.2(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dimefox is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.11 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(2). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.43(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Dimefox may hydrolyze in aquatic environments(SRC), based on a half-life of 8.8 days measured in an ethanol/buffer solution (20:80) at pH 6.0 and 70 °C(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dimefox, which has a vapor pressure of 0.11 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dimefox is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.0 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.40X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Dimefox does not contain chromophores that absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. Contraindications /meaning further clinical evaluations/ for work with /organophosphorus pesticides/ are organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should /be protected from exposure from/ pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

... Surveillance of workers could be carried out through measurement of blood or urinary levels of the cmpd to which they are exposed, or through measurement of a metabolite. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

... There is no change in red blood cell cholinesterase activity in adults associated with age. ... Activity of this enzyme increases progressively during the first year of life, it is higher in children under 3 yr of age than in older children, and it is markedly higher in 5 yr old children than in 3 yr olds. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

Cholinesterase activity of plasma is significantly higher in men than in women, and this is true no matter which of several choline esters are used as substrate in measuring the enzyme activity. According to some, the difference is confined to young people. There is no sex difference in the red cell enzyme activity. Serum cholinesterase activity of blacks tends to be lower than whites of the same sex. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

The Koc of dimefox is estimated as 2.2(SRC), using a water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible) (1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that dimefox is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Amount too small for chem detection can cause blurred vision. Predominant effects are on peripheral tissue & not on CNS.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a study lasting 70 days, whole blood cholinesterase was not inhibited in a total of four men and women who ingested the compound at a dosage of 0.002 mg/kg/day, but it was reduced about 25% by a dosage of 0.0034 mg/kg/day. In another study, a dosage of 0.004 mg/kg/day gradually caused a 40% reduction in whole blood cholinesterase by the 49th day of exposure when inhibition stabilized until dosing ended on the 95th day. This effect was entirely due to lowering of red cell cholinesterase since the plasma enzyme remained unchanged. Whole-blood activity recovered to 90% of normal within 56 days after dosing stopped ... .

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A follow-up study of 232 people three years after a history of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning disclosed only one person with slight residual blurring of vision that might have been related to the earlier poisoning, though at the time of poisoning over one third of the people had blurring, which lasted only a day or two after exposure was discontinued. The possile exceptional case had findings suggestive of basilar artery insufficiency, rather than effects of poisoning. /Organophosphorus pesticide poisoning/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The effects of acute intoxication by anti-cholinesterase agents are manifested by muscarinic and nicotinic signs and symptoms and, except for compounds of extremely low lipid solubility, by signs referable to the CNS. Local effects are due to the action of vapors or aerosols at their site of contact with the eyes or respiratory tract, or due to the local absorption after liquid contamination of the skin or mucous membranes, including those of the gastrointestinal tract. Systemic effects appear within minutes after inhalation of vapors or aerosols. In contrast, the onset of symptoms is delayed after gastrointestinal and percutaneous absorption. The duration of effects is determined largely by the properties of the compound: its lipid solubility, whether it must be activated, the stability of the organophosphorus-AChE bond, and whether "aging" of the phosphorylated enzyme has occurred. /Anticholinesterase agents/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DIMEFOX (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dimefox's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as an insecticide and acaricide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment. However, dimefox is not currently (2005) registered for use as a pesticide in the US(2).

Little oxidation of dimefox occurred when exposed to the green alga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, at a concentration of 1000 ppm(1). After 8 days of incubation in Chlorella pyrenoidosa culture, dimefox was recovered 84%(2). Chlorella pyrenoidosa did not form any chloroform-soluble metabolites from dimefox(2).

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated for dimefox(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.43(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for dimefox is estimated as 2.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.11 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dimefox is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). Dimefox is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Some organic phosphorous compounds produce an immediate /CNS depressant/ effect, ranging from incoordination to deep anesthesia following iv injection. At the same time respiration may be affected. A large dosage is required for all compounds for which the effect has been demonstrate and, by necessity, all of them are of low toxicity. /Organic phosphorous pesticides/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Repeated intraperitoneal administration of dimefox to rats at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg/day killed half of them within 10 doses; 0.1 mg/kg/day produced marked inhibition of cholinesterase, but no deaths following 30 injections. The no-effect dosages of dimefox based on the most sensitive criterion, red cell cholinesterase, are 0.003 /and/ 0.006...mg/kg/day in rat /&/ pig...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ For 28 days female rats were fed 0.024 mg/kg/day, 0.095 mg/kg/day & 0.475 mg/kg/day, respectively resulting in about 50% inhibition of rbc cholinesterase che & no effect on plasma che, 75% redn of rbc che & 25% redn of plasma che; alm complete inhibition of rbc che & 75% reduction of plasma cholinesterase respectively. /From table/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ Studies were performed on three commercially produced insecticides: Terra Systam (dimefox; bis-(diethylamino)-phosphoryl-fluoride); phosdrin (Mevinphos; O,O-dimethyl-O-(1-methyl-2-carbomethoxy)vinyl phosphate); and DDVP (dichlorvos; 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate). Compounds were administered to mice subcutaneously in acute toxicity tests, topically for detection of miosis, and intracerebrally to test for the induction of tremors. Dimefox, the compound with the greatest acute subcutaneous toxicity, produced neither miosis nor tremor, whereas both phosdrin and dichlorvos did produce both.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DIMEFOX (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Young persons under 18 yr, expectant or nursing mothers, /alcoholics/, or persons for whom work with toxic chemicals is contraindicated on account of their state of health /are at elevated risk from the toxic effects of organophosphorus pesticides. Those individuals with/ organic diseases of the CNS, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of the liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis) /are at elevated risk from exposure/. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Those individuals who are exposed to organophosphorus pesticides with pre-existing/ organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis) /are at elevated risk from exposure/. The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Dimefox is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.

A highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitor.

Unmetabolized dimefox is a moderately strong inhibitor of cholinesterase in vitro; the molar concentration required to cause 50% inhibition is 4x10-5. ... Its action is mainly peripheral, that on the brain being slower in onset.

The signs of poisoning due to organophosphorus cmpd are those due to accumulation of acetylcholine & hence overstimulation of parasympathetic nervous system. It is usual to divide them under 3 headings: muscarinic, nicotinic & central. Muscarinic signs ... consist of hypersalivation, lacrimation, sweating & nasal discharge. Miosis, dyspnea, vomiting, diarrhea & frequency of urination ... Nicotinic effects consist of fasciculation of muscles, weakness & paralysis. Central nervous system effects include nervousness, apprehension, ataxia, convulsions & coma. Death is due to resp failure, or sometimes cardiac arrest. There is little difference between signs produced by different organophosphorus compounds, but route of absorption may influence one system more than another. /Organophosphorus cmpd/

The characteristic pharmacological effects of the anti-ChE agents are due primarily to the prevention of hydrolysis of ACh by AChE at sites of cholinergic transmission. Transmitter thus accumulates, and the response to ACh that is liberated by cholinergic impulses or that is spontaneously released from the nerve ending is enhanced. With most of the organophosphorus agents ... virtually all the acute effects of moderate doses are attributable to this action. /Anticholinesterase agents/

For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for DIMEFOX (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Plasma and tissue enzymes are responsible for hydrolysis /of organophosphorus compounds/ to the corresponding phosphoric and phosphonic acids. However, oxidative enzymes are also involved in the metabolism of some organophosphorus compounds. /Anticholinesterase agents/

The organophosphorus anticholinesterase agents are hydrolyzed in the body by a group of enzymes known as A-esterases or paraoxonases. These enzymes are found in the plasma and liver and hydrolyze a large number of organophosphorus compounds ... by cleaving the phosphoester, anhydride, P-F, or P-CN bonds. /Anticholinesterase agents/

Following oral administration to rats, elimination is via the urine.

Most organophosphate compounds are ... absorbed from skin, conjunctiva, gastrointestinal tract, & lung. /Organophosphate compounds/

The rate of dermal absorption /of organophosphorus pesticides/ may be ... influenced by the solvent used. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Many of the organophosphorus insecticides are excreted in the milk ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for DIMEFOX (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used as systemic insecticide and acaricide mainly for ornamental and non-food crops; [HSDB]

No longer registered as a pesticide for use in the US; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For dimefox (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 443100) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Systemic insecticide and acaricide /SRP 2005: former use/

A systemic pesticide primarily for ornamental and non-food plants /SRP 2005: former use/

(1972) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN US

(1975) NONE

Prepared by fluorination of bis(dimethylamido)phosphoryl chloride.

By interaction of dimethylamine, phosphoryl chloride, and potassium fluoride in chloroform (Brit patent 688,760).

Terra sytam butanol soln containing 50% wt/vol dimefox together with 17% total of schradan & hexamethyl pyrophosphoramide, which acts as synergist. S-14 is 20% aqueous dilution of terra systam.

Solution /contains/ 50 wt/vol; 10% for S 14/10*.

Technical contains schradan (q.v. ) and tris(dimethylamino)phosphine oxide.

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Dimefox (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.

It is compatible with other pesticides but technical product slowly attacks metals.

This compound ... has been used to control mealybug vector of swollen shoot disease of cacao by implanting soluble capsules about roots. Because of its volatility, dimefox has very short residual activity & is not suited for foliage application.

/Its/... main use is for soil treatment of hops against aphids & red spider mites, being effective, at non-phytotoxic concn, for 6-8 wk.