HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Ferric Ammonium Citrate
FERRIC AMMONIUM CITRATE · Ferric · AMMONIUM IRON(III) CITRATE · FERRIC AMMONIUM CITRATE, GREEN · CITRATE RED BROWNN · Ammoniumironcitrate · Ferricammoniumcitrae · Ammonium iron(III) c
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 1185-57-5 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C6H11FeNO7+3 |
| Average molar mass | 265 g/mol |
| SMILES | N.O=C(O)CC(O)(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O.[Fe+3] |
| InChIKey | FRHBOQMZUOWXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
| PubChem CID | 118984355 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL4301175 |
| EC No. | 214-686-6 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| Topological polar surface area | 133 |
|---|---|
| Hydrogen bond donors | 5 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 8 |
| Rotatable bonds | 5 |
| Heavy atoms | 15 |
| Formal charge | 3 |
| Complexity | 227 |
| Chemical classes | Metals -> Metals, Inorganic Compounds |
| Food additives | Drugs -> FDA Regulatory Status of Color AdditivesNUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT -> FDA Substance added to foodANTICAKING AGENT OR FREE-FLOW AGENT -> FDA Substance added to food |
| Density | 1.8 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sinkSpecific gravity: 1.8 at 20 °C/4 °C (solid)1.06[at 20℃] |
| Flavoring agents | EU Flavoring substances |
| Human Drugs | FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. |
| Physical Description | Ferric ammonium citrate is a yellowish brown to red solid with a faint odor of ammonia. It is soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used in medicine, in making blueprints, and as a feed additive.Dry PowderLiquidExists in two formsBrown hydrated form is garnet-red or brownish-yellow solidGreen hydrated form is green deliquescent solid[Merck Index] Brown crystalline solid[MSDSonline] |
| Other Experimental Properties | Brown form: reddish-brown granules, garnet-red transparent scales, or brownish-yellow powder. Very deliquescent. Odorless or slight ammonia odorsaline, ferruginous taste. Ammonium ferric citrate, brown form reduced to ferrous salt by light. Brown hydrated form is extremely soluble in water and practically insoluble in alcohol. /Hydrated ferric ammonium citrate/Green form: green transparent, scales, pearls, granules, or powder. Odorless. Mild ferruginous taste. Ammonium ferric citrate, green form is more readily reduced to the ferrous salt by light then the brown form. Green hydrated form is very soluble in water and practically insoluble in alcohol. /Hydrated ferric ammonium citrate/ |
| Melting point | >193°C (dec.) |
| Boiling point | 498℃[at 101 325 Pa] |
| Vapor pressure | 0Pa at 25℃ |
| FLAVIS Number | 16.089 | Ferric ammonium citrate |
| Storage conditions | Store at RT. |
| Solubility | 1200g/l1200 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Physical state | powder |
| Color | Green |
| Odor | Odorless to slight ammonia odor |
| pH | 5.0~8.0 |
| Biological source | synthetic |
| Sensitivity | Hygroscopic |
| Merck | 14,4017 |
| Exposure limits | ACGIH: TWA 1 mg/m3NIOSH: TWA 1 mg/m3 |
| Stability | Hygroscopic |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | HAIR DYEING |
| InChI | 1S/C6H8O7.Fe.H3N/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)1H3/q+3/p-3 |
| InChIKey | FRHBOQMZUOWXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
| SMILES | N.OC12CC(=O)O[Fe](OC(=O)C1)OC(=O)C2 |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | -0.737 at 25℃ |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 1185-57-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| SCOGS (Select Committee on GRAS Substances) | Ferric ammonium citrate |
| Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) | IRON AMMONIUM CITRATE |
| FDA 21 CFR | 184.1296310.54573.1025 |
| EWG's Food Scores | 1-3 |
| FDA UNII | UVP74NG1C5 |
| ATC code | V08CA07 |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Ferric ammonium citrate (1185-57-5) |
| UNSPSC Code | 41171614 |
| NACRES | NA.74 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| GHS hazard statements | H315-H319-H335 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
| Hazard symbols | Xi |
| Risk statements (R) | 36/37/38 |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-36 |
| UN transport number | UN 9118 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| RTECS number | GE7540000 |
| F | 3-8 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Customs code | 29181500 |
| Storage class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| Hazardous substances data | 1185-57-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 2000 mg/kg |
| REACH registrations | Active |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 10.2% (161 of 1576) of reports.WarningH315 (89.8%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]P264, P264+P265, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, and P362+P364 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 1576 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ammonium iron(3+) saltCommission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ammonium iron(3+) salt (1:?:?) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ammonium iron(3+) salt (1:?:?) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)REACH registered substance: Ammonium iron(III) citrate (EC: 214-686-6)Ferric ammonium citrate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ammonium iron(3+) salt: Human health tier I assessment |
| Fire hazards | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen or ammonia gas may be formed in fires. (USCG, 1999) |
| Health hazards | Inhalation of dust irritates nose and throat. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Dust irritates eyes and causes mild irritation of skin on prolonged contact. (USCG, 1999) |
| Hazards summary | A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant[HSDB] An eye nose and throat irritant[CAMEO] An eye and mild skin irritant[eChemPortal: ERMA] An irritant[MSDSonline] See Iron salts, soluble. |
| FDA requirements | Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).Ferric ammonium citrate may be safely used in combination with pyrogallol (as listed in §73.1375), for coloring plain and chromic catgut sutures for use in general and ophthalmic surgery subject to the following conditions: (1) The dyed suture shall conform in all respects to the requirements of the United States Pharmacopeia XX (1980). (2) The level of the ferric ammonium citrate-pyrogallol complex shall not exceed 3 percent of the total weight of the suture material. (3) When the sutures are used for the purposes specified in their labeling, there is no migration of the color additive to the surrounding tissue. (4) If the suture is a new drug, an approved new drug application, pursuant to section 505 of the act, is in effect for it.Iron ammonium citrate may be safely used in food in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) The additive is the chemical green ferric ammonium citrate. (b) The additive is used, or intended for use as an anticaking agent in salt for human consumption so that the level of iron ammonium citrate does not exceed 25 parts per million (0.0025 percent) in the finished salt.Iron ammonium citrate may be safely used in animal feed in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) The additive is the chemical green ferric ammonium citrate. (b) The additive is used or intended for use as an anticaking agent in salt for animal consumption so that the level of iron ammonium citrate does not exceed 25 parts per million (0.0025 percent) in the finished salt. |
| Reactive group | Salts, Acidic |
| OSHA Standards | Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 1 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Iron salts (soluble, as Fe)/ |
| Reactivity Profile | Acidic salts, such as FERRIC AMMONIUM CITRATE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions. Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen or ammonia gas may be formed in fires (USCG, 1999). |
| Air and Water Reactions | Water soluble. |
| Toxic Combustion Products | Toxic oxides of nitrogen or ammonia gas may be formed in fires. |
| CERCLA reportable quantities | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| First aid | INGESTION: give large amount of water. |
| Fire fighting procedures | If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) |
| Storage conditions | Keep well closed and protected from light. |
| Cleanup methods | Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Adjust pH to neutral (pH+ 7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.Environmental considerations: Land spill: Big a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover soldis with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. |
| Disposal methods | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for iron (Fe+2): Concentration process: Biological treatment. /Iron (Fe+2)/ |
| Preventive Measures | Personnel protection: Keep upwind. ... Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.All ... /iron/ preparations should be kept in child-proof bottles. /Iron preparations/ |
| Threshold Limit Values (TLV) | 1.0 [mg/m3], as Fe (soluble iron salts) |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Approved respirator for nuisance dustchemical goggles or face shield (USCG, 1999)Approved respirator for nuisance dust, chemical goggles or face shield. |
| Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines | Australia, Belgium, Finland, Italy, Netherlands, & Switzerland: 1 mg/cu m. /Iron salts/Australia (1978)Belgium (1978)Finland (1975)Italy (1978)Netherlands (1978)and Switzerland (1978): 1 mg/cu m. /From table/ /Ferric salts, as Fe/ |
| Interactions | ...The present study has investigated whether melatonin can alter the proportion of neurons that die in the 24 hr period following 1.0 microL intracortical injections of 1.0 mM ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) or 0.9% saline. Rats which received systemic infusions of melatonin (5 mg/kg bw/day) displayed a 40% reduction (P=0.019) in the proportion of neurons killed by FAC. By contrast, reduction of endogenous melatonin by continuous light exposure did not significantly affect the extent of neuronal death. Furthermore, elevated or reduced melatonin levels did not alter the number of neurons killed by saline injections....Specific pathogen free male Fischer-344-rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of ferric-ammonium-citrate (FAC) at 40 mg/kg bw at 1 mL/kg or an equal volume of saline. Beginning on day four, rats were simultaneously exposed to an aerosol of beryllium-sulfate (BeSO4) for 2 hr/day through nose only inhalation. By day 15, mortality was 80% in the BeSO4 plus saline group as compared to 33% in the BeSO4 plus FAC group. Exposure was then discontinued. By day 18, all rats in the BeSO4 plus saline group had died, while the cumulative mortality for the BeSO4 plus FAC group was only 66%. By day 19, mortality in this group had reached a maximum of 76%.Senile plaques, the major neuropathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are composed primarily of amyloid-beta ... peptide and contain high concentrations of iron (1.0 mM). /It was/ previously shown that intracortical injections of 1.0 mM iron to adult rats produce significantly more neuronal loss than control injections of saline vehicle, whereas injections of /amyloid-beta/ do not. Because iron has been shown to increase the in vitro toxicity of /amyloid-beta/, the present study was undertaken to determine whether iron can make /amyloid-beta/ neurotoxic in vivo. /Amyloid-beta/ and 1.0 mM iron (as ferric ammonium citrate) were coinjected into rat cerebral cortex, and the neuronal loss was compared with that produced by pure /amyloid-beta/ or pure iron. The human and rat variants of /amyloid-beta/1-42 were compared to determine whether they produce the same amount of neuronal loss when combined with iron. Coinjection of iron with either /amyloid-beta/ variant caused significantly more neuronal loss than /amyloid-beta/ peptide alone, suggesting that iron may contribute to the toxicity associated with senile plaques. Rat /amyloid-beta/1-42 combined with iron was as toxic as iron alone, whereas iron combined with human /amyloid-beta/1-42 was significantly less toxic. |
| Ecotoxicity values | LD50 Anguilla japonica (Japanese eel) injection 80 ug/g/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/LD50 Plecoglossus altivelis (Ayu) injection 123 ug/g/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/ |
| Adverse effects | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
| Ecotoxicity excerpts | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ Distribution of radioiron to various tissues after intraperitoneal injections was examined in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Liver and spleen were found to be the major iron storage tissues. Injections of 1 or 5 mg iron as ferric ammonium citrate led to a fall in hemoglobin levels in both species after 2 days. Hemoglobin levels returned to normal levels in rainbow trout after 8 days, but Atlantic salmon had not recovered, and Hb levels fell below 3 g/100 mL. In both species, the fall in Hb was associated with a raise in iron levels in spleen and liver, suggesting damage to erythrocytes. Atlantic salmon liver ferritin showed a two- to threefold increase, while rainbow trout showed a sixfold increase, and a more rapid response. |
| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...The present study has investigated whether melatonin can alter the proportion of neurons that die in the 24 hr period following 1.0 microL intracortical injections of 1.0 mM ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) or 0.9% saline. Rats which received systemic infusions of melatonin (5 mg/kg bw/day) displayed a 40% reduction (P=0.019) in the proportion of neurons killed by FAC. By contrast, reduction of endogenous melatonin by continuous light exposure did not significantly affect the extent of neuronal death. Furthermore, elevated or reduced melatonin levels did not alter the number of neurons killed by saline injections./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ ... rapid injection of FAC pH 7 (ferric ammonium citrate, 5 mM in saline) /into the striatum of rats/ was associated with OH formation whereas rapid injection of FAC pH 3 did not./ALTERNATIVE IN VITRO TESTS/ ...To investigate the regulation of iron metabolism in astrocytes we have used primary astrocyte cultures from the brains of newborn rats. After application of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), cultured astrocytes accumulated iron in a time- (0-48 hr) and concentration-dependent (0.01-1 mm) manner. This accumulation was prevented if FAC was applied in combination with the iron-chelator deferoxamine (DFX). Application of FAC to astrocyte cultures caused a strong increase in the cellular content of the iron storage protein ferritin and a decrease in the amount of transferrin receptor (TfR), which is involved in the transferrin-mediated uptake of iron into cells. In contrast, application of DFX strongly increased the level of TfR. Both up-regulation of ferritin content by iron application and up-regulation of TfR content by DFX were prevented by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). During incubation of astrocytes with FAC, a mild and transient increase in the extracellular activity of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and in the concentration of intracellular ROS was observed. In contrast, prevention of protein synthesis by CHX during incubation with FAC resulted in significantly more cell loss and a persistent and intense increase in the production of intracellular ROS./ALTERNATIVE IN VITRO TESTS/ ...Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) resulted in a decrease in Fe(3+) concentration in the supernatant that was dependent on time and initial iron concentration. In the presence of internalized calcein, FAC quenched the fluorescent signal, indicating intracellular transport of the metal. The Nramp2/DMT1/DCT1 mRNA isoform without an iron-response element (IRE) increased with exposure of BEAS-2B cells to FAC. RT-PCR demonstrated no change in the mRNA for the isoform with an IRE. Similarly, Western blot analysis for the isoform without an IRE confirmed an increased expression of this protein after FAC exposure, whereas the isoform with an IRE exhibited no change. Finally, immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in the isoform without an IRE in the rat lung epithelium after instillation of FAC. Comparable to mRNA and protein increases, iron transport was elevated after pretreatment of BEAS-2B cells with iron-containing compounds. We conclude that airway epithelial cells increase mRNA and expression of the Nramp2/DMT1/DCT1 without an IRE after exposure to iron.For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for FERRIC AMMONIUM CITRATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Populations at Special Risk | ...There is concern that the individual with metabolic defects that impair the ability to regulate iron absorption will be at risk from excessive exposure to iron, primarily as a result of acceleration of accumulation of iron in the body and an earlier onset of clinical symptoms of the disease. /Iron salts/ |
| Antidote and Emergency Treatment | Treatment of Exposure: Ingestion: give large amount of water. Eyes or skin: flush with water.Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. /Iron and related compounds/Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with lactated Ringer's /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Iron and related compounds/Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Treat shock caused by hemorrhagic gastrointestinitis aggressively with intravenous crystalloid fluids, and replace blood if needed. Patients are often markedly hypovolemic owing to gastrointestinal losses and third spacing of fluids into the intestinal wall and interstitial space. Treat coma, seizures, and metabolic acidosis if they occur. For seriously intoxicated victims (eg, shock, severe acidosis, and/or serum iron > 500-600 mcg/dL) administer deferoxamine. Monitor the urine for the urine for the characteristic orange or pink deferoxamine-iron complex. Therapy may be stopped when the urine returns to normal or when the serum iron level decreases to the normal range. Prolonged deferoxamine has been associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome and Yersinia sepsis.For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for FERRIC AMMONIUM CITRATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Clean Water Act requirements | Ferric ammonium citrate is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. |
| Federal drinking water guidelines | EPA 300 ug/L /Iron/ |
| F | 3-8 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | GE7540000 |
| UN transport number | UN 9118 |
| Customs code | 29181500 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 2000 mg/kg |
| Risk statements (R) | 36/37/38 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| GHS pictogram | GHS07 |
| Hazard symbols | Xi |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-36 |
| Storage class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| GHS hazard statements | H315-H319-H335 |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| GHS precautionary statements | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
| Hazardous substances data | 1185-57-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Uses
1. Nutritional supplements. Iron enhancer, anti-anemia iron agent (each oral 1~2g). It can be added to biscuits, milk powder, being not suitable for being applied to food that is not colored. 2. Ammonium ferric citrate, as a food iron fortifier, has its absorption effect be better than inorganic iron. China provides that it can be used for salt and sandwich sugar with the usage amount of 4000~8000mg/kg; in high-iron cereal and its products (daily limit: 50 g of such food): 1200~1350mg/kg; dairy and infant food: 400 to 800 mg/kg; in cereals and their products, 160 to 330 mg/kg; beverages: 70 to 140 mg/kg. 3. It can be used for the pharmaceutical industry 4. It is used in the photographic industry and the pharmaceutical industry 5. It can be used as the nutritional supplements (iron fortifier). For dairy products, bread and wheat flour. Also used as anti-caking agent. 6. It can be used in bacterial culture medium for measuring aluminum, photography, blue print, blood and so on. 7. The brown product can be used as a hematinic drug for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia; it can be used as food additives; according to the provision of Japanese, "Food Additives", iron content: 16.5%-21.2%. The brown product and green product are both chemical-sensitive substances with the green goods being more sensitive to light than brown goods. Paper coated with green ferric ammonium citrate and red blood salt (potassium ferricyanide) is called blue blueprint paper. Upon the exposure, the trivalent iron in the citric acid salt is converted to bivalent, coming across water to give turnbull's blue, so the lightened part exhibits blue color while the rest part is still white, yielding a blue matrix white line pattern.
Description
Ammonium ferric citrate is a food additive with E number E381 used as an acidity regulator. It is a green or reddish-brown powder which is very soluble in water. The molecular formula of ammonium iron (III) citrate is variable. It can be prepared by adding Fe(OH)3 to an aqueous solution of citric acid and ammonia . The brown form is approximately 9% NH3, 16.5 – 18.5 % Fe , and 65 % hydrated citric acid; the green form is approximately 7.5 % NH3 , 14.5 – 16 % Fe, and 75% hydrated citric acid. The green type is more readily reduced by light than the brown. Other uses for ammonium ferric citrate include water purification and printing (cyano type). It is used as a reducing agent of metal salts of low activity like gold and silver and is also in a commonly used recipe with potassium ferricyanide to make cyanotype prints. Ammonium ferric citrate is also used in Kligler iron deeps to determine hydrogen sulfide production in microbial metabolism. In medicine, ammonium ferric citrate is used as a contrast medium. It is also used as a hematinic.
Uses
Hematinic
Uses
For blueprints; in photography.
Uses
Ferric Ammonium Citrate is a nutrient supplement that is a source of iron. It is prepared by the reaction of ferric hydroxide with citric acid, followed by treatment with ammonium hydroxide, evaporation, and drying. The resulting product occurs in two forms, i.e., brown with 16.5–18.5% iron and ferric ammonium citrate, green with 14.5–16% iron.
Uses
Iron Ammonium Citrate is an anticaking agent used in salt. It is the chemical green ferric ammonium citrate.
General Description
Ammonium ferric citrate is a yellowish brown to red solid with a faint odor of ammonia. Ammonium ferric citrate is soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Ammonium ferric citrate is used in medicine, in making blueprints, and as a feed additive.