HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Bromoxynil
3,5-DIBROMO-4-HYDROXYBENZONITRILE · Torch · s2132 · Bucril · terset · EMBLEM · KALEIS · BROMOX
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 1689-84-5 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C7H3Br2NO |
| Average molar mass | 276.91 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 274.85813792 g/mol |
| SMILES | N#Cc1cc(Br)c(O)c(Br)c1 |
| InChIKey | UPMXNNIRAGDFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 15531 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL453905 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:17192 |
| EC No. | 216-882-7 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID3022162 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| XLogP | 3.5 |
|---|---|
| Topological polar surface area | 44 |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 1 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 2 |
| Rotatable bonds | 0 |
| Heavy atoms | 11 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 176 |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Fusion temperature |
| Pesticides | Pesticide -> EPA IRISHerbicidesActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approvedPesticides -> Herbicides, OtherPesticides -> Herbicides -> Nitrile herbicidesHerbicides, Transformation products |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | log Kow = 2.70 |
| Odor | ODORLESS WHEN PURE |
| Color/Form | WHITE CRYSTALLINE SOLIDLIGHT BUFF TO CREAMY POWDERColorless solidWhite to slightly yellow crystalline solid |
| Solubility | IN WATER 130 PPM (0.013%) WT/VOL @ 20-25 °CIN ETHANOL 7% WT/VOL @ 20-25 °CIN LIGHT PETROLEUM & XYLENE 1-2% WT/VOL @ 20-25 °CIN DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 61% WT/VOL @ 20-25 °CIN BENZENE 1% WT/VOL @ 20-25 °CIN METHANOL 9% WT/VOL @ 20-25 °CIN ACETONE 17% WT/VOL AT 20-25 °CSolubility in (g/L) at 25 °C: acetone 170tetrahydrofuran 410In dimethylformamide 610, acetone, cyclohexanone 170, methanol 90, ethanol 70, mineral oils <20, benzene 10 (all in g/L, 25 °C)In water, 130 mg/L at 25 °CDMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)0.13 G/L (25 ºC) |
| Corrosivity | Non-corrosive |
| Endocrine Disruptors | Potential endocrine disrupting compound |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomp it emits highly toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides, hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen bromide/. |
| Melting point | MP: 194-195 °C (sublimes at 135 °C/0.15 mm Hg)MP: 188-192 °C /Technical bromoxynil (approx 95% pure)/189-191 °C(lit.) |
| Vapor pressure | 0.00000005 [mmHg]1.7X10-1 mPa /1.28X10-6 mm Hg/ at 25 °C |
| Physical Description | Bromoxynil is a colorless solid. Melting point 382-384 °F (194-195 °C). Sublimes at 275 °F (135 °C) under pressure of 0.15 mmHg. Used as a herbicide.Colorless, white, beige, or slightly yellow odorless solid[HSDB] Off-white powder[MSDSonline] |
| Boiling point | 265.6±40.0 °C(Predicted) |
| Density | 2.0926 (rough estimate) |
| Refractive index | 1.6400 (estimate) |
| Storage conditions | 0-6°C |
| Physical state | Solid |
| pKa (acidity coefficient) | 4.06(at 25℃) |
| Color | Buff, Creamy |
| Merck | 13,1426 |
| BRN | 2364039 |
| Henry's law constant | 7.4×102 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Mackay et al. (2006) |
| Major applications | agriculturecleaning productscosmeticsenvironmentalfood and beveragespersonal care |
| InChI | 1S/C7H3Br2NO/c8-5-1-4(3-10)2-6(9)7(5)11/h1-2,11H |
| InChIKey | UPMXNNIRAGDFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | Oc1c(Br)cc(cc1Br)C#N |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 1689-84-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| FDA UNII | J46EK95K0P |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Benzonitrile, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-(1689-84-5) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Bromoxynil (1689-84-5) |
| Pesticides Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) | Bromoxynil phenol |
| UNSPSC Code | 41116107 |
| NACRES | NA.24 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS06,GHS08,GHS09 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H330-H301-H361-H317-H410 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P273-P272-P260-P270-P202-P201-P271-P264-P280-P284-P302+P352-P391-P308+P313-P362+P364-P333+P313-P301+P310+P330-P304+P340+P310-P403+P233-P405 |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges |
| Hazard symbols | T+,N |
| Risk statements (R) | 25-26-43-50/53-63 |
| Safety statements (S) | 27/28-36/37-45-60-61-63-28A-28-27 |
| UN transport number | UN 2811 6.1/PG 3 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| RTECS number | DI3150000 |
| Hazard class | 6.1(b)Acute Tox. 1 InhalationAcute Tox. 3 OralAquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Repr. 2Skin Sens. 1 |
| Packing group | III |
| Storage class | 6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2very toxic hazardous materials |
| Hazardous substances data | 1689-84-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in mice: 111 mg/kg (Carpenter, 1964) |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | DangerH301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral] |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Hazard Traits - Developmental ToxicityRegulation (EC) No 1107/2009 (amended)04/58/EC, Reg. (EU) 2017/841, Reg. (EU) 2018/917, Reg. (EU) 2019/707, Reg. (EU) 2020/1276, Reg. (EU) 2020/869, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011Bromoxynil: HSNO Approval: HSR003315 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - Benzonitrile, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-: Human health tier I assessment |
| DOT label | Poison |
| Fire hazards | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Health hazards | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Hazards summary | Mildly irritating to eyes and abraded skin of rabbitsNo significant adverse effects were observed in a three month high-dose feeding study with ratsDermal and inhalation studies with 10% solution had the same outcomeFour workers in a manufacturing plant making both bromoxynil and ioxynil developed typical symptoms of uncoupler poisoning including excessive perspiration, thirst, fever, emesis, myalgia, and weight loss. ... The effects reversed rapidly after exposure ceased. [HSDB] May cause skin sensitization[eChemPortal: ESIS] An irritantMay cause skin sensitization[MSDSonline] Effects in high-dose animal studies include changes in structure or function of salivary glands, zonal hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), and other changes to liver[RTECS] At maternally toxic doses in rodents, supernumerary ribs and reduced fetal weights were observedNo human pregnancy effects are known[REPROTOX] See Benzonitrile. |
| Reactive group | Alcohols and Polyols |
| Special Reports | USEPA/Office of Pesticide ProgramsReregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Bromoxynil, EPA 738-R-98-013 (December 1998). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of January 26, 2012:: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm] |
| FIFRA requirements | Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide bromoxynil, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the table below. Compliance with the tolerance levels is to be determined by measuring only bromoxynil, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile, resulting from application of its octanoic and/or heptanoic acid ester, in or on the commodities.[Table#3215]Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide bromoxynil, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the table below. Compliance with the tolerance levels is to be determined by measuring only bromoxynil and its metabolite, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (DBHA), resulting from application of its octanoic and/or heptanoic acid ester, in or on the commodities:[Table#3216]As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. 3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile is found on List B. Case No: 2070Pesticide type: herbicideCase Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.Active ingredient (AI): 3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrileData Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 06/05/91AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.Based on the reviews of the generic data for the active ingredient bromoxynil, the Agency has sufficient information on the health effects of bromoxynil and on its potential for causing adverse effects in fish and wildlife and the environment. The Agency has determined that bromoxynil products, labeled and used as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Decision, will not pose unreasonable risks to humans or the environment. Therefore, the Agency concludes that products containing bromoxynil for all uses are eligible for reregistration, provided the registrant follows all requirements as set forth in this document. |
| Reactivity Profile | BROMOXYNIL is a weak acid. |
| DOT Hazard Classification | BromoxynilMarine pollutant |
| Air and Water Reactions | No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water. |
| Fire fighting | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| First aid | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Exposure control and personal protection | 2.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction, as CN[German Research Foundation (DFG)] |
| Fire fighting procedures | Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide or dry chemical for small fires. Water spray or alcohol-type foam for large fires.If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Bromoxynil octanoate/Fire fighters should use self contained breathing apparatus and full turnout gear. Prevent runoff of fire water. Avoid exposure to smoke. /Moxy 2E/ |
| Storage conditions | Store at temperatures above 3 °F. If allowed to freeze, remix before using. Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage ... of this chemical.Metal drums (up to 450 kg), cans in a wooden box (up to 75 kg package gross wt),cans in a fiberboard box (up to 20-l receptacles, up to 40 kg package weight), glass bottles (up to 15 l) with inert filler in a wood box (up to 75 kg package gross wt), or plastic bottles (up to 5 l) in a fiberboard box (up to 55 kg package gross wt). Paper or plastic bags for solid formulations (up to 5 kg) in a wood box (up to 75 kg) or a fiberboard box (up to 40 kg package gross wt).Safe Storage of Pesticides. Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies. Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water, or surface water. /Residential users/ |
| Cleanup methods | Do not contaminate /receiving/ water when disposing of equipment washwaters. /Moxy 2E/Containment for contaminated soils includes spill immobilization with bentonite or clay injection, collection and treatment of leachates as for contaminated waters, physical removal of immobilized residues, pH adjustment to 8.0.Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Bromoxynil octanoate/Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Bromoxynil octanoate/For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for BROMOXYNIL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Disposal methods | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by ... disposal of this chemical.Product residues and sorbent media may be packaged in 17 hr epoxy-lined drums and disposed of at an EPA-approved disposal site. Destruction by high temperature incineration with scrubbing equipment, chemical oxidation, alkaline hydrolysis, or microwave plasma detoxification if available. Encapsulation by organic polyester resin or silicate fixation.For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for BROMOXYNIL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Preventive Measures | SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. /Moxy 2E/For terrestrial uses, do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not apply when weather conditions favor drift from target areas. /Moxy 2E/Do not apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only protected handlers may be in the area during application. /Moxy 2E/For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BROMOXYNIL (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Allowable Tolerances | Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide bromoxynil, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the table below. Compliance with the tolerance levels is to be determined by measuring only bromoxynil, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile, resulting from application of its octanoic and/or heptanoic acid ester, in or on the commodities. [Table#3213]Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide bromoxynil, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the table below. Compliance with the tolerance levels is to be determined by measuring only bromoxynil and its metabolite, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (DBHA), resulting from application of its octanoic and/or heptanoic acid ester, in or on the commodities: [Table#3214] |
| Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) | 5.0 [mg/m3], as CN |
| Treatment | EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. |
| Health effects | Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627, L96, L97) |
| Ecotoxicity values | LC50Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) age 13 daysdiet 2010 ppm for 8 days (95% confidence interval: 1250-5000 ppm)LD50Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) age 22 weeksoral via capsule 217 mg/kg (95% confidence interval: 164-282 mg/kg)Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck) age 8 daysdiet 1380 ppm for 8 days (95% confidence interval: 1187-1605 ppm)Species: Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) diet >5,000 ppm for 5 daysFor more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BROMOXYNIL (30 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc value of 302(2) indicates that bromoxynil is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of bromoxynil is 3.86(3), indicating that this compound will almost entirely exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Bromoxynil is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.28X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Bromoxynil is rapidly biodegraded by soil microorganisms(5)the major biodegradation products in soil are 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzamide(6,7), suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AT 25 °C, 50% OF BROMOXYNIL APPLIED TO REGINA HEAVY CLAY WAS DEGRADED IN 2 WK. AMIDE & ACID WERE DETECTED ... .BROMOXYNIL ... /IS/ EXTREMELY EFFECTIVE INHIBITOR OF NITRIFICATION IN SOILS. 50%INHIBITION WAS OBSERVED @ CONCN BELOW 50 PPM.No evidence of residual problems when applied at the rate of 0.5-1.0 lb/acre.For more Environmental Fate (Complete) data for BROMOXYNIL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Food survey values | Bromoxynil was not found above the 0.5 ppm detection limit on any of the 6970 produce samples tested in San Antonio, TX from 1989-1991(1). |
| Adverse effects | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
| Exposure routes | Oral (L626)inhalation (L626)dermal (L626) |
| Toxicity summary | Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97) |
| Ecotoxicity excerpts | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute toxicities of technical-grade bromoxynil octanoate (BO) and two commercial formulations, Buctril and Bronate, to <24-hr-old neonate Daphnia magna (Straus) were determined in soft, hard, and oligosaline water. In addition, effects of life stage, feeding, aging the herbicide, and exposure duration on BO toxicity to daphnids were investigated. Regardless of formulation, life stage, and water quality, BO was found to be extremely to highly toxic to daphnids in standard tests48-hr EC50 values ranged from 41 to 161 ug/L. Bromoxynil octanoate was the most toxic to neonates in soft water and the least toxic in hard water. The acute toxicities of the three bromoxynil herbicides to a given age group of daphnids were similar within the same water type. Overall, neonates and 7-day-old adults were more sensitive than 14- or 15-day-old adults to each herbicide. Feeding daphnids during the toxicity test significantly decreased BO toxicity compared to not feeding them. Aging BO (as Buctril) in hard water decreased its toxicity, and the rate of deactivation was rapid, with an estimated half-life of biological activity of 13 hr. Daphnids immobilized by exposures to toxic BO concentrations for = 6 hr recovered their mobility, whereas exposures of 18 and 24 hr to BO produced toxic effects in daphnids similar to those exposed for 48 hr. These results indicated that standard continuous exposure tests may not adequately predict the acute toxicity of BO to freshwater animals in the field. /Bromoxynil octanoate//AQUATIC SPECIES/ Two chronic toxicity tests were conducted in which Daphnia magna were either continuously or intermittently exposed to bromoxynil octanoate (as Buctril) for 28 days. In the intermittent exposure test, daphnids were exposed to daily pulses of bromoxynil octanoate with 24 hr mean concentration equal to those in the continuous exposure test, and the peak concentration were three times the 24 hr mean values. After 28 days of continuous exposure to bromoxynil octanoate, survival of daphnids was reduced at 80 ug/L, whereas mean number of young per adult, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and mean weight of adults were all reduced at 40 ug/L. Intermittent exposures to daily pulses of bromoxynil octanoate for 28 days caused reduced survival of daphnids at 24 hr mean concentration : 40 ug/L and reduced mean number of young per adult, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and mean weight of adults at 24 hr mean concentration 20 ug/L. The estimated geometric mean-maximum acceptable toxicant concentration of bromoxynil octanoate based on 24 hr mean nominal values were 28 ug/L for continuous exposures and 14 ug/L for intermittent exposures. These results demonstrated that continuous exposure studies may not be adequate in assessing herbicide toxicity to aquatic biota when concentrations fluctuate temporally. /Bromoxynil octanoate//AQUATIC SPECIES/ Marine unicellular algae, Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, and Chlorella sp, were exposed to the 5 industrial brominated compounds and the herbicide, bromoxynil, in six algal growth media. EC50s of bromoxynil varied with growth medium. It is concluded that responses to toxicants in different media are the results of interactions between algae, growth medium, toxicant, and solvent carrier./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Effect of Ca, HCO3-, and pH on toxicity of bromoxynil to Leuciscus idus was investigated. Ca had no effect on fish mortality, and increase in HCO3-concentration decreased bromoxynil toxicity indirectly with pH being major factor affecting toxicity. It was more toxic in water with low acid capacity or carbonate hardness than in water with higher pH. Medial lethal concentration in free phenolic form was 0.002 mg/L.For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BROMOXYNIL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627, L96, L97) |
| Effluent Concentrations | The yearly surface losses of bromoxynil through runoff of 1.0 cm of water from winter wheat plots that were planted in December and managed under various management systems ranged from below detection to 3.01 g/ha(1). Although the herbicide was applied as the octanoate ester, no ester was detected in the runoff. The concentration of a herbicide in runoff water will depend on how soon after application it rained and how much rain fell. In test plots on which rain fell six days after application, the concentration of bromoxynil ranged from 0.256 to 0.594 umol/L and no bromoxynil octanoate was detected(1). The estimated discharge of bromoxynil into two rivers draining prairie agricultural watersheds in Manitoba, Canada, the Ochre and the Turtle, during 1984 was 15 g and 432 g, respectively(2). The monthly highs of 11.0 g for the Ochre and 384 g for the Turtle were in June(2). |
| EPA IRIS Information | Bromoxynil2 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day |
| State drinking water guidelines | (FL) FLORIDA 140 ug/l |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| RTECS number | DI3150000 |
| UN transport number | UN 2811 6.1/PG 3 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in mice: 111 mg/kg (Carpenter, 1964) |
| Risk statements (R) | 25-26-43-50/53-63 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS06,GHS08,GHS09 |
| Hazard symbols | T+,N |
| Safety statements (S) | 27/28-36/37-45-60-61-63-28A-28-27 |
| Hazard class | 6.1(b)Acute Tox. 1 InhalationAcute Tox. 3 OralAquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Repr. 2Skin Sens. 1 |
| Storage class | 6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2very toxic hazardous materials |
| Packing group | III |
| GHS hazard statements | H330-H301-H361-H317-H410 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P273-P272-P260-P270-P202-P201-P271-P264-P280-P284-P302+P352-P391-P308+P313-P362+P364-P333+P313-P301+P310+P330-P304+P340+P310-P403+P233-P405 |
| Hazardous substances data | 1689-84-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Description
A widely used herbicide. It has a high aqueous solubility and is not considered to be volatile. The potential for leaching to groundwater is considered low, and it is not expected to be persistent in soil or water systems. It is highly toxic to mammals, is an endocrine disrupter and may cause negative reproduction or development effects. It is moderately toxic to most aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. The main exceptions are a low toxicity to algae and honeybees by the contact route (not the oral route).
Uses
Bromoxynil is a nitrile herbicide. Bromoxynil is effective in post-emergent control of broad leaf weeds in cereal, corn, sorghum, onions, flax, mint, turf, and on non-cropland.
Uses
Selective contact foliage-applied herbicide used to control many broad-leaved weeds in cereals.
General Description
Colorless solid. Melting point 382-384°F (194-195°C). Sublimes at 275°F (135°C) under pressure of 0.15 mm Hg. Used as a herbicide.