HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Acetone
aceton · propan-2-one · 2-Propanone · (CH3)2CO · ACETONE ALCOHOL · Propanon · Dimethylformaldehyde · Propan-1-one
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 67-64-1 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C3H6O |
| Average molar mass | 58.08 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 58.04186481 g/mol |
| SMILES | CC(C)=O |
| InChIKey | CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 180 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL14253 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:15347 |
| EC No. | 200-662-2 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID8021482 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| XLogP | -0.1 |
|---|---|
| Topological polar surface area | 17.1 |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 0 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 1 |
| Rotatable bonds | 0 |
| Heavy atoms | 4 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 26 |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | log Kow = -0.24 |
| Odor | Fruity odorCharacteristic odorCharacteristic pungent odor detectable at 33 to 700 ppm (mean = 130 ppm) |
| Taste | Pungent, sweetish |
| Density | 0.791 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than waterwill float0.7845 g/cu cm at 20 °CRelative density (water = 1): 0.80.790-0.793 (20 °C )0.791 @ 20°C0.791 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Viscosity | 0.32 cP at 20 °C0.27 cP at 40 °C0.34 mm²/s at 40 °C |
| Color/Form | Colorless volatile liquid |
| Solubility | greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)Miscible with waterMiscible with benzeneMiscible with alcohol, dimethylformamide, ether1000 mg/mL at 25 °CSolubility in water: miscibleMiscible with water and with ethanol (96 per cent).soluble |
| Flash point | 0 °F (NTP, 1992)-18 °C-16.99 °C (1.42 °F) - closed cup-4 °F (-20 °C) (Closed cup)0 °F (closed cup)-18 °C c.c.1 °F |
| Boiling point | 133 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)56.08 °C56.00 to 57.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg56 °C56 °C760 mm Hg(lit.) |
| Melting point | -137 °F (NTP, 1992)-94.9 °C-94.8 °C-95 °C-94 °C(lit.) |
| Vapor density | 2 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than airwill sink (Relative to Air)2.0 (Air = 1)Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.02 (vs air) |
| Odor threshold | Odor Threshold Low: 3.6 [ppm]Odor Threshold High: 653.0 [ppm]Detection odor threshold from AIHA (mean = 62 ppm)Water: 20 mg/L (or 20 ppm, w/v)air: 13 uL/L (or 13 ppm, v/v).Odor low: 47.5 mg/cu mOdor high: 1613.9 mg/cu m42ppm |
| Vapor pressure | 184 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Refractive index | n20/D 1.359(lit.) |
| FEMA | 3326 | ACETONE |
| FLAVIS Number | 07.050 | Acetone |
| Storage conditions | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| pKa (acidity coefficient) | 19.3(at 25℃) |
| Physical state | Liquid |
| Specific gravity | 0.79 (25/25℃) |
| Color | Colorless, invisible vapor |
| pH | 5-6 (395g/l, H2O, 20°C) |
| Relative polarity | 0.355 |
| Biological source | synthetic |
| Odor type | solvent |
| Explosive limits | 2.6-12.8%(V) |
| Relative density, gas (air=1) | 2 |
| Thermal conductivity | 0.155 W/(m·K) at 25 ℃ |
| λmax | ≤330 nm |
| JECFA Number | 139 |
| Merck | 14,66 |
| BRN | 63580 |
| Henry's law constant | 2.27 at 14.9 °C, 3.03 at 25 °C, 7.69 at 35.1 °C, 11.76 at 44.9 °C (Betterton, 1991) |
| Exposure limits | ACGIH:TLV-TWA 250 ppm (594 mg/m3)TLV-STEL 500 ppm (1187 mg/m3)OSHA:PEL-TWA 1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3)NIOSH:REL-TWA 250 ppm |
| Dielectric constant | 1.0(0℃) |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | DENATURANTSOLVENTFRAGRANCE |
| InChI | 1S/C3H6O/c1-3(2)4/h1-2H3 |
| InChIKey | CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CC(C)=O |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | -0.160 |
| Surface tension | 23.02mN/m at 298.15K |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 67-64-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) | ACETONE |
| FDA 21 CFR | 173.210175.105175.320176.180176.300177.2600 |
| EWG's Food Scores | 3 |
| NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms | acetone |
| FDA UNII | 1364PS73AF |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Acetone(67-64-1) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Acetone (67-64-1) |
| Toxicological Profile|ATSDR | Acetone|Toxicological Profile|ATSDR |
| Cosmetics Info | Acetone |
| UNSPSC Code | 41116107 |
| NACRES | NB.21 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS02,GHS07 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H225-H319-H336 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P210-P233-P240-P241-P242-P305+P351+P338 |
| Target organs | Central nervous system |
| Hazard symbols | F,Xi,T |
| Risk statements (R) | 11-36-66-67-39/23/24/25-23/24/25 |
| Safety statements (S) | 9-16-26-45-36/37-7 |
| UN transport number | UN 1090 3/PG II (ACETONE) |
| Occupational exposure band (OEB) | A |
| Occupational exposure limit (OEL) | TWA: 250 ppm (590 mg/m3) |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| RTECS number | AL3150000 |
| F | 3-10 |
| Autoignition temperature | 465 °C |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Hazard class | 3Eye Irrit. 2Flam. Liq. 2STOT SE 3 |
| Packing group | II |
| Customs code | 29141100 |
| Storage class | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| Hazardous substances data | 67-64-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 in rats: 10.7 ml/kg orally (Smyth) |
| Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration | 2,500 ppm |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Limited quantities | 1.0 L (0.3 gallon) (liquid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml) |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | DangerH225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposureNarcotic effects]P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (2 of 5005) of reports. |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: 2-PropanoneHazard Traits - NeurotoxicityAuthoritative List - ATSDR NeurotoxicantsReport - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredientList II Chemical: A chemical, other than a List I chemical, specified by regulation that, in addition to legitimate uses, is used in manufacturing a controlled substance in violation of the Act. (21 eCFR 1310.02)Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)2-Propanone is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 2-Propanone are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 15-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15460 |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - 2-Propanone: Human health tier II assessmentIMAP assessments - 2-Propanone: Environment tier I assessment |
| DOT label | Flammable Liquid |
| Fire hazards | Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.) Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids will float on water. (ERG, 2024)· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)· Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).· Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.· Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.· Containers may explode when heated.· Many liquids will float on water.Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. |
| Fire potential | Highly flammable liquid. Dangerous disaster hazard due to fire and explosion hazard ... |
| Health hazards | INHALATION: vapor irritating to eyes and mucous membranesacts as an anesthetic in very high concentrations. INGESTION: low order of toxicity but very irritating to mucous membranes. SKIN: prolonged excessive contact causes defatting of the skin, possibly leading to dermatitis. (USCG, 1999)· Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas.· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. |
| Hazards summary | Acetone is a manufactured chemical that is also found naturally in the environment. It is a colorless liquid with a distinct smell and taste. It evaporates easily, is flammable, and dissolves in water. It is also called dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, and beta-ketopropane. Acetone is used to make plastic, fibers, drugs, and other chemicals. It is also used to dissolve other substances. It occurs naturally in plants, trees, volcanic gases, forest fires, and as a product of the breakdown of body fat. It is present in vehicle exhaust, tobacco smoke, and landfill sites. Industrial processes contribute more acetone to the environment than natural processes.Can be absorbed by skin or inhalationCan reach harmful concentrations after spill at room temperature or after sprayingSkin and respiratory tract irritantAdverse effects on CNS, liver, and kidneys[Reference #1] TLV Basis is irritation (eyes and upper respiratory tract) and CNS impairment[ACGIH] |
| DOT ID and guide | 1090 127 |
| FDA requirements | The following substances may be safely used as diluents in color additive mixtures for food use exempt from certification, subject to the condition that each straight color in the mixture has been exempted from certification or, if not so exempted, is from a batch that has previously been certified and has not changed in composition since certification. If a specification for a particular diluent is not set forth in this part 73, the material shall be of a purity consistent with its intended use. ... (b) Special use - (1) Diluents in color additive mixtures for marking food ... (ii) Inks for marking fruit and vegetables. Substance: acetoneRestrictions: No residues.A tolerance of 30 parts per million is established for acetone in spice oleoresins when present therein as a residue from the extraction of spice.Acetone is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: acetone is included in skin protectant drug products. |
| Reactive group | Ketones |
| UN classification | UN Hazard Class: 3UN Pack Group: II |
| Special Reports | DHHS/NTPNTP Report on the Toxicity Studies of Acetone in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Drinking Water Studies) NTP TOX 3 NIH Pub No. 91-3122DHHS/ATSDRToxicological Profile for Acetone (1994) ATSDR/TP-93/01Addendum to the Toxicological Profile for Acetone (August 2011) |
| Fire fighting | Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used. CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzlesif this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)Use powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . |
| Accidental release measures | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep unauthorized personnel away.· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.Large Spill· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. |
| First aid | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated areatake deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be usedif not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)General First Aid:· Call 911 or emergency medical service.· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.· If victim is not breathing:-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitationthe victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.· Keep victim calm and warm.· Keep victim under observation.· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.Specific First Aid:· Wash skin with soap and water.(General first aid procedures)Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.Breathing: Respiratory supportSwallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. |
| Safe storage | Fireproof. Separated from : see Chemical Dangers. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| Firefighting Hazards | Flashback along vapor trail may occur. |
| Exposure control and personal protection | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetone in urine = 25 mg/Lat end of shift[TLVs and BEIs]23480.0 [ppm]500.0 [ppm] |
| Fire fighting procedures | If material is on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical.Flammable. Flashback along vapor trail may occur. Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Extinguish with dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective on fire. Cool exposed containers with water.Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. |
| Storage conditions | Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Storage class (TRGS 510): Flammable liquidsStore acetone in closed containers, and keep away from heat, sparks, and flames.Acetone is stored in steel tanks |
| Cleanup methods | Accidental release measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.Environmental considerations- land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. //spr:clup// Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbentsEnvironmental considerations- water spill Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.Environmental considerations- air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. |
| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024) |
| Disposal methods | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers U002 and F003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.Incineration: Spray into a furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent.For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ACETONE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Toxicological information | CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile |
| Body burden | Acetone was detected in the expired breath of 23 of 26 smokers and 42 of 43 nonsmokers in the US(1). Acetone was ubiquitous in the expired air from a carefully selected urban population of 54 normal healthy non-smoking people (387 samples) with a geometric mean concentration of 101.3 ng/L(2). Acetone loss in the urine is generally 1 mg/24 hr for a normal adult but is about 50 mg in children(3,4). Acetone was detected in the expired breath of children in 2 classrooms in France at an average concentration of 800 ng/L(5). The average blood concentration of acetone in 600 non-occupationally exposed persons in the US was 3,100 ppb(6).Toxic concn in human blood: 200 - 300 ug/mL (20 - 30 mg%)lethal concn in human blood: 550 ug/mL (55 mg%) |
| Treatment | Following oral exposure to acetone, consider insertion of a nasogastric tube to aspirate stomach contents only after recent, large acetone ingestionssymptomatic and supportive treatment is generally all that is required. Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes in case of eye exposure to acetone. In case of dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. (T36) |
| Interactions | ... The aim of the present study was the evaluation of possible protective effects of vit E treatment against acetone-induced oxidative stress in rat RBCs. Thirty healthy male Wistar albino rats, weighing 200-230 g and averaging 12 weeks old were randomly allotted into one of three experimental groups: Control (A), acetone-treated (B) and acetone + vit E-treated groups (C), each containing ten animals. Group A received only drinking water. Acetone, 5% (v/v), was given with drinking water to B and C groups. In addition, C group received vit E dose of 200 mg/kg/day im. The experiment continued for 10 days. At the end of the 10th day, the blood samples were obtained for biochemical and morphological investigation. Acetone treatment resulted in RBC membrane destruction and hemolysis, increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in plasma and RBC, and decreased RBC vit E levels. Vit E treatment decreased elevated TBARS levels in plasma and RBC and also increased reduced RBC vit E levels, and prevented RBC membrane destruction and hemolysis .../Researchers/ prepared microsomes from lungs and livers of rats exposed to 20 ppm pyridine by inhalation for 5-6 hours/day for 10 days, to acetone (7.5%, v/v) in drinking water for 10 days or by inhalation to 50% aqueous acetone for 5-6 hours/day for 10 days, or to acetone in combination with pyridine administered separately as above. Controls received water for inhalation and oral exposures. In the liver microsomes, there was induction of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity for oral acetone by 2.5-fold, for pyridine by inhalation by 2.8-fold, and for the combination of acetone and pyridine by 7.6-fold, indicating greater-than-additive interaction. The levels of CYP1A1 were induced by acetone, pyridine, and the combination by 8.3-, 6.6-, and 32.7-fold, respectively. These results indicated even greater synergistic interaction. Similar greater-than-additive interaction results were also found for methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MEROD) and CYP1A2 in the liver microsomes. Microsomal EROD was induced by all treatments in the lung, and a synergistic interaction was even greater in the lung, with an increase that was 4-fold for acetone, 21-fold for pyridine, and 115.5-fold for the combination. CYP1A1 was also induced synergistically by acetone and pyridine in the lung microsomes./In a previous study it was/ demonstrated that acetone potentiated the nerve conduction velocity and neurobehavioral effects of 2,5-hexanedione in rats, but /it was/ noted that the mechanism of action of this potentiation was not fully understood. More recently, /researchers/ performed similar experiments. This time, they included histological examination of the sciatic and tibial nerves in rats immediately after the 6-week exposures in rats allowed a 10-week recovery period. As in previous experiments, acetone potentiated 2,5-hexanedione-induced open field ambulation and rearing balance in the rotarod tests, and grip strength. The ambulation was reversible during the recovery period by all treatments, but the effects on rearing and balance were reversible in the 2,5-hexanedione group only. That is, the potentiation by acetone persisted. Histological examination revealed that after exposure, giant axon swelling was induced by 2,5-hexanedione and the combination of 2,5-hexanedione and acetone, and a change in the distribution of fiber area size occurred in rats exposed to 2,5-hexanedione. The lesions observed in the co-exposure group were statistically similar to the effects of 2,5-hexanedione alone, but appeared aggravated by co-exposure, as seen by conventional pathological evaluation. After the 10-week recovery period, the nerve tissues appeared normal. The investigators concluded that neurotoxicity of the combined exposure was not reversible and that the mechanism of acetone potentiation is probably an effect on the toxicokinetics of 2,5-hexanedione.Pretreatment with acetone for 6 days (one-tenth the LD50) potentiated acute ethanol toxicity in rats. ... /Investigators/ ... demonstrated that acetone pretreatment potentiates chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicity. ... Acetone protected animals against electroshock or isonicotinic acid hydrazide-induced convulsions. Acetone ... enhanced the hepatotoxicity of 1,1-dichloroethylene (200 ppm) in rats.For more Interactions (Complete) data for ACETONE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Target organs | Hematological (Blood Forming), Neurological (Nervous System), Ocular (Eyes), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys), Reproductive (Producing Children), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous systemCentral nervous system |
| Health effects | Pulmonary congestion and edema can follow inhalation of acetone, which irritates the mucosa. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by repeated vomiting of blood has been reported. Neurobehavioral effects, indicative of narcosis, sedation, respiratory depression, ataxia, paresthesia and renal lesions can also result from acetone poisoning. (N004, A578) |
| Ecotoxicity values | EC50Species: Artemia salina (Brine shrimp) 2-3 instar naupliiConditions: saltwater, static, 25 °CConcentration: 14852000 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 14141000-15563000 ug/L)Effect: intoxication, immobilizationLC50Species: Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) age 14 daysoral >40,000 ppm, in diet, (no mortality to 40,000 ppm)Species: Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked pheasant) age 10 daysSpecies: /Oncorhynchus mykiss/ (Rainbow trout) weight 1.0 gConditions: /static/, 12 °CConcentration: 5,540 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence limit: 4,740-6,330 mg/L)For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ACETONE (36 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetone is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acetone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 3.50X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). Acetone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure of 231 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). A 96% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Results of other screening tests also indicate that acetone is readily biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(6,7).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.50X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 21 hours and 8.8 days, respectively(SRC). Experimentally determined volatilization half-lives in a shallow stream were measured in the range of 8-18 hours(5-7). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -0.24(9) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 96% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(10) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Results of other screening tests also indicate that acetone is readily biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(11,12). Volatilization may be faster removal mechanism of acetone than biodegradation in very shallow, rapidly moving water(5-7). Acetone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetone, which has a vapor pressure of 231 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 89 days(SRC) calculated from its rate constant of 1.80X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Acetone absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Results of photolysis tests indicate that acetone has a direct photolysis half-life in the range of 10-80 days in the troposphere depending upon solar angle and sunlight intensity(5,6). Acetone has been detected in rain and cloud water(7), and therefore, may be removed from the air by wet deposition(SRC). |
| Food survey values | Acetone was identified, not quantified, in the volatiles of kiwi fruit(1,2), blue cheese(3), raw chicken(4), cured pork(5), chickpea seeds(6), nectarines(7), mutton, chicken and beef(8). Acetone has been identified, not quantified, as a volatile component of baked potatoes(9), roasted filberts(10), dried beans and legumes(11), and French cognac(12). Acetone was detected in volatile components of ripe kiwi fruit (0.2% of all components)(13). |
| Adverse effects | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndromeACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable. |
| Exposure routes | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactInhalation (L937)oral (L937)dermal (L937)eye contact (L937) |
| Milk Concentrations | ENVIRONMENTAL: Acetone was identified, not quantified, in human milk from Bayonne, NJ, Jersey City, NJ, Pittsburgh, PA and Baton Rouge, LA(1). Acetone was identified, not quantified, in all 8 samples of mother's milk analyzed from 4 industrial urban areas in the USA(2). Acetone was identified, not quantified from milk samples in Australia(3). Acetone was detected at average levels of 29.42, 30.50, and 30.96 ug/L in whole milk, 2% milk, and 1% milk, respectively purchased from store shelves in Las Vegas, NV(4). Acetone was detected in fish-oil enriched milk(5). |
| RCRA requirements | F003When acetone is a spent solvent, it is classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (F003), as stated in 40 CFR 261.31, and must be managed according to State and/or Federal hazardous waste regulations.U002As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when acetone, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). |
| FIFRA requirements | Residues of acetone are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent, cosolvent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.Residues of acetone are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: solvent, cosolvent.As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Acetone is found on List D. Case No: 4002Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered. Therefore, we are characterizing the case as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.Active ingredient (AI): acetoneAI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products. Thus, we characterize it as "cancelled." |
| Atmospheric standards | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Acetone is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. |
| CERCLA reportable quantities | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| State drinking water guidelines | (FL) FLORIDA 700 ug/L(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 6,300 ug/L(ME) MAINE 6,300 ug/L(MN) MINNESOTA 700 ug/LFor more State Drinking Water Guidelines (Complete) data for ACETONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| F | 3-10 |
| Occupational exposure band (OEB) | A |
| Occupational exposure limit (OEL) | TWA: 250 ppm (590 mg/m3) |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration | 2,500 ppm |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | AL3150000 |
| UN transport number | UN 1091 3/PG II (ACETONE OILS) |
| Customs code | 29141100 |
| Toxicity | LD50 in rats: 10.7 ml/kg orally (Smyth) |
| Risk statements (R) | 11-36-66-67-39/23/24/25-23/24/25 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS02,GHS07 |
| Hazard symbols | F,Xi,T |
| Safety statements (S) | 9-16-26-45-36/37-7 |
| Hazard class | 3Eye Irrit. 2Flam. Liq. 2STOT SE 3 |
| Storage class | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| Packing group | II |
| GHS hazard statements | H225-H319-H336 |
| Limited quantities | 1.0 L (0.3 gallon) (liquid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Autoignition temperature | 465 °C |
| GHS precautionary statements | P210-P233-P240-P241-P242-P305+P351+P338 |
| Hazardous substances data | 67-64-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Uses
An important organic raw material in the chemical, artificial fiber, medicine, paint, plastics, organic glass, cosmetics and other industries; an excellent organic solvent that dissolves many organic products such as resin, cellulose acetate, acetylene and so on. An important raw material for the synthesis of ketene, acetic anhydride, iodoform, polyisoprene rubber, methacrylic acid, methyl ester, chloroform, and epoxy resins. The acetone cyanohydrin obtained from the reaction of acetone with hydrocyanic acid is the raw material of methacrylic resin (perspex). A raw material in the production of epoxy resin intermediate bisphenol A. In pharmaceuticals, acetone is used as extractants for a variety of vitamins and hormones in addition to vitamin C, and dewaxing solvents for petroleum refining. A raw material for nail polish remover in cosmetics One of the raw materials for synthesizing pyrethroids in pesticide industry Acetone is often used to wipe the black ink above the copper tube in the precision copper tube industry.
Description
Acetone is a flammable, colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. It is used widely as an organic solvent and in the chemical industry. It is the simplest ketone, which also goes by the name dimethyl ketone (DMK). Acetone was originally referred to as pyroacetic spirit because it was obtained from the destructive distillation of acetates and acetic acid.
Occurrence
Reported found in apple, pear, grape, pineapple, strawberry, raspberry, tomato, black currant, citrus, onion and potato; also reported found in cocoa leaves, in Mexican goosefoot and in the oils of coriander and lavender. In trace amounts it has been reportedly identified in the oil of bitter orange, in distilled wine and in coffee aroma
History
The traditional method of producing acetone in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century was to distill acetates, particularly calcium acetate, Ca(C2H3O2)2. Weizmann discovered a process to produce butyl alcohol and acetone from the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum in 1914. With England’s urgent demand for acetone, Winston Churchill (1874–1965) enlisted Weizmann to develop the Weizmann process for acetone production on an industrial scale. Fermentation and distillation techniques for acetone production were replaced starting in the 1950s with the cumene oxidation process . In this process, cumene is oxidized to cumene hydroperoxide, which is then decomposed using acid to acetone and phenol. This is the primary method used to produce phenol, and acetone is produced as a co-product in the process, with a yield of about 0.6:1 of acetone to phenol.
Uses
Acetone is used in the manufacture of a largenumber of compounds, such as acetic acid,chloroform, mesityl oxide, and MIBK; in themanufacture of rayon, photographic films,and explosives; as a common solvent; inpaint and varnish removers; and for purifyingparaffins.
Uses
Acetone is used in the chemical industry in numerous applications. The primary use of acetone is to produce acetone cyanohydrin, which is then used in the production of methyl methacrylate (MMA). Another use of acetone in the chemical industry is for bisphenol A (BPA). BPA results form the condensation reaction of acetone and phenol in the presence of an appropriate catalyst. BPA is used in polycarbonate plastics, polyurethanes, and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastics are tough and durable and are often used as a glass substitute. In addition to its use as a chemical feedstock and intermediate, acetone is used extensively as an organic solvent in lacquers, varnishes, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Nail polish remover is one of the most common products containing acetone. Acetone is used to stabilize acetylene for transport .
Uses
Solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, rubber, plastics, lacquers, varnishes, rubber cements. manufacture of methyl isobutyl ketone, mesityl oxide, acetic acid (ketene process), diacetone alcohol, chloroform, iodoform, bromoform, explosives, aeroplane dopes, rayon, photographic films, isoprene; storing acetylene gas (takes up about 24 times its vol of the gas); extraction of various principles from animal and plant substances; in paint and varnish removers; purifying paraffin; hardening and dehydrating tissues. Pharmaceutic aid (solvent).
Uses
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Uses
acetone is a solvent considered to be non-comedogenic and occasionally used in skin toners. It is primarily used in nail polish remover. It could be drying and very irritating to the skin depending on the concentration and frequency of use.
General Description
A clear colorless liquid with a sweetish odor. Flash point 0°F. Less dense than water. Vapors are heavier than air. Used as a solvent in paint and nail polish removers.