| GHS classification | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 93.5% (1291 of 1381) of all reports.Not ClassifiedAggregated GHS information provided per 1381 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.WarningH335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposureRespiratory tract irritation] |
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| Regulatory information | Chemical: Sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1)Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (amended)Sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 21-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15878Calcium sulfate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
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| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - Sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1): Human health tier I assessment |
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| Fire hazards | Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
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| Health hazards | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Calcium sulfate: |
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| Hazards summary | TLV based on nasal symptoms. Calcium sulfate is a relatively non-toxic substance. Human epidemiologic studies were lacking in exposure information or were confounded by quartz exposure. [ACGIH] See Calcium sulfate dihydrate. |
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| FDA requirements | Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).Calcium sulfate used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice. |
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| Reactive group | Salts, Basic |
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| FIFRA requirements | As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Calcium sulfate is found on List D. Case No: 4055Pesticide type: Insecticide, HerbicideCase Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.Active ingredient (AI): Calcium sulfateAI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."Calcium sulfate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solid diluent or carrier in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. |
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| OSHA Standards | Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m. /Total dust/Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Respirable fraction/ |
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| Reactivity Profile | CALCIUM SULFATE is non-combustible. Decomposes to give toxic oxides of sulfur, but only at very high temperature (>1500 °C). Generally of low reactivity but may act as an oxidizing agent: incompatible with diazomethane, aluminum, and phosphorus. Certain forms of calcium sulfate react with waterothers do not. INSOLUBLE ANHYDRITE or dead-burned gypsum is made by the dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) at high (> 600 °C) temperature. At room temperature, insoluble anhydrite dissolves very slowly to the extent of 0.24 g per 100 g of water and does not absorb moisture from the air. SOLUBLE ANHYDRITE, which is obtained by heating calcium sulfate dihydrate at a temperature below 300 °C, has a high affinity for water and is used as a desiccant. Soluble anhydrite absorbs water to form calcium sulfate hemihydrate (Plaster of Paris). |
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| Flammable Limits | Noncombustible Solid |
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| Air and Water Reactions | No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water. |
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| Fire fighting | In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
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| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest.Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. |
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| First aid | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Calcium sulfate:(General first aid procedures) |
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| Safe storage | Dry. |
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| Exposure control and personal protection | 4.0 [mg/m3](inhalable fraction), 1.5 mg/m3(respirable fraction)[German Research Foundation (DFG)] |
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| Storage conditions | KEEP WELL CLOSED. /HEMIHYDRATE/KEEP DRY. /DIHYDRATE/ |
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| Disposal methods | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. |
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| Spillage disposal | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. |
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| Preventive Measures | DUST FORMATION IN GYPSUM PROCESSING SHOULD BE CONTROLLED BY MECHANIZATION OF DUSTY OPERATIONS ... ADDITION OF UP TO 2% BY VOL OF WATER TO GYPSUM PRIOR TO CRUSHING, USE OF PNEUMATIC CONVEYORS WITH COVERS & DUST TRAPS, ENCLOSURE OF DUST SOURCES & PROVISION OF EXHAUST SYSTEMS ... . /GYPSUM/GOOD HOUSEKEEPING & MAINTENANCE ARE ESSENTIAL IN PREVENTING ACCUMULATION OF DEPOSITED DUST, & IT IS ADVISABLE IN WORKSHOPS CONTAINING THE CALCINING KILNS, TO FACE WALLS & FLOORS WITH SMOOTH MATERIALS TO FACILITATE CLEANING. /GYPSUM/ |
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| Eye Prevention | Wear safety goggles. |
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| Inhalation Risk | A nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. |
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| Skin Prevention | Protective gloves. |
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| Target organs | Eyes, skin, respiratory system |
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| Exposure routes | inhalation, skin and/or eye contact |
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| Signs and Symptoms | Cough.Redness.Abdominal pain.irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory systemconjunctivitisrhinitis, epistaxis (nosebleed) |
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| Medical Surveillance | IT IS ADVISABLE FOR GYPSUM & GYPSUM-PRODUCTS WORKERS TO RECEIVE A PRE-EMPLOYMENT EXAMINATION FOLLOWED BY PERIODIC EXAMINATIONS EACH YR. /GYPSUM/ |
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| Natural Pollution Sources | NATURAL FORM OF ANHYDROUS CALCIUM SULFATE IS KNOWN AS MINERAL ANHYDRITEALSO AS KARSTENITE, MURIACITE, ANHYDROUS SULFATE OF LIME, ANHYDROUS GYPSUM.MINERAL WITH CHEM COMPOSITION CASO4.2H2O. ... IT IS RARELY FOUND PURE & GYPSUM DEPOSITS MAY CONTAIN QUARTZ, PYRITES, CARBONATES & CLAYEY & BITUMINOUS MATERIALS. IT OCCURS IN NATURE IN 5 VARIETIES: GYPSUM ROCKGYPSITE ... ALABASTER ... SATIN SPAR ... & SELENITE. /GYPSUM/Calcium sulfate is the commonest of the natural sulfates.Domestic resources are adequate but are unevenly distributed. There are no gypsum deposits on the eastern seaboard of the United States. Large deposits occur in the Great Lakes region, mid-continent region, California, and other States. /Gypsum/ |
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| Human Toxicity Excerpts | GYPSUM DUST HAS AN IRRITANT ACTION ON MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT & EYES, & THERE HAVE BEEN REPORTS OF CONJUNCTIVITIS, CHRONIC RHINITIS, LARYNGITIS, PHARYNGITIS, IMPAIRED SENSE OF SMELL & TASTE, BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE, & REACTIONS OF TRACHEAL & BRONCHIAL MEMBRANES IN EXPOSED WORKERS. /GYPSUM/Because it hardens quickly after absorbing moisture, its ingestion may result in obstruction, particularly at the pylorus. ... To delay "setting," drink glycerin or gelatin solutions, or large volumes of water. Surgical relief may be necessary. /Plaster of Paris/... Calcium sulfate caused no lung disease in calcium sulfate miners. |
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| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | EXPTL ANIMALS EXPOSED TO GYPSUM DUST DEVELOPED PNEUMONIA & INTERSTITIAL PNEUMOSCLEROSIS, & BLOOD & LYMPH CIRCULATION DISORDERS OCCURRED IN THE LUNGS. /GYPSUM/Applied experimentally to rabbit eyes it has been found innocuous.Six types of man-made fibers were administered intratracheally 12.0 mg/animal each a week for 5 weekstotal 10 mg/animal) to female Syrian hamsters that were observed histologically for 2 years after administration. The fibers were rock wool [average diameter (D) = 6.1 microns, average length (L) = 296 microns], fiberglass (D = 0.65 microns, L = 16.8 microns), potassium titanate fiber ID = 0.36 microns, L = 7.17 microns), calcium sulfate fiber (D = 1.0 microns, L = 17.8 microns), basic magnesium sulfate fiber ID = 0.45 microns, L = 22.4 microns), and metaphosphate fiber (D = 2.38 microns, L = 64.1 microns). Tumors were observed in hamsters that had received basic magnesium sulfate fiber (9/20), metaphosphate fiber (6/20), calcium sulfate fiber (3/20), and fiberglass (2/20) but not in the control, rock wool, or potassium titanate fiber groups. The primary sites of the tumors were not only in the pleural cavity but also in the intracelial organs, kidney, adrenal gland, bladder, and uterus. Only a few of the tumors were identified as mesotheliomas by histological examination. In addition to neoplastic lesions, fibrosis, pleural thickening, and chronic inflamatory changes in the lungs were observed in the hamsters, but these changes appeared too mild to foster a pneumoconiosis such as asbestos.The genotoxicity of selenite was investigated in two diploid yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae BZ34 and D7. The effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) on the genotoxicity of selenite in the BZ34 strain was also examined. Selenite induced gene conversion and toxicity in the BZ34 strain. A variety of genetic events occurred including back mutation gene conversion mitotic crossing over aberrant colony formation and toxicity in another strain D7. The genetic activity of selenite peaked at one hour and subsequently declined when the two higher concentrations, (1O(-3) and 10(-2) molar), of selenite were used. When treatment was continued beyond 1 hr the percent of survival decreased marginally. Yeast cells may cause metabolic deactivation of selenite during 5 hr of treatment as the genetic and toxic effects of selenite beyond 1 hr begin to decline. When glutathione was present during the selenite treatment the convertogenic and toxic effects of selenite were significantly enhanced. |
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| Probable Routes of Human Exposure | WORKERS EMPLOYED IN PROCESSING OF GYPSUM ROCK MAY BE EXPOSED TO HIGH ATMOSPHERIC CONCN OF GYPSUM DUST ... FURNACE GASES & SMOKE. IN GYPSUM CALCINATING, WORKERS ARE EXPOSED TO HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL TEMP, & THERE IS ALSO THE HAZARD OF BURNS. /GYPSUM/ |
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