HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Chlorosulfonic acid
chlorosulphonic acid · chlorosulphuric acid · chlorosulfonic · acidechlorosulfonique · Chlorsulfonsure · AKOS BBS-00004309 · CHLOROSULFONIC ACID · Sulfric chlorohydrin
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 7790-94-5 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | ClHO3S |
| Average molar mass | 116.53 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 115.93349257 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=S(=O)(O)Cl |
| InChIKey | XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 24638 |
| EC No. | 232-234-6 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID1029706 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| XLogP | -0.1 |
|---|---|
| Topological polar surface area | 62.8 |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 1 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 3 |
| Rotatable bonds | 0 |
| Heavy atoms | 5 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 92.6 |
| Chemical classes | Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Other Toxic Gases & VaporsCorrosives |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Boiling point |
| Odor | PUNGENT |
| Density | 1.75 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sinkSPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.76-1.77 AT 20 °C/20 °C1.784 AT 0 °C/4 °C1.753 AT 20 °C/4 °C.Relative density (water = 1): 1.751.75 @25 °C1.753 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Color/Form | COLORLESS OR SLIGHTLY YELLOW LIQUID |
| Solubility | /COMMON SOLVENTS INCLUDE/ LIQUID SULFUR DIOXIDE, PYRIDINE, & DICHLOROETHANE.Solubility in water: reactionMiscible with hydrocarbons.reacts |
| Corrosivity | CORROSIVE MATERIAL. |
| Boiling point | 311 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)151-152 °C AT 755 MM HG74-75 °C AT 19 MM HG60-64 °C AT 2-4 MM HGat 100kPa: 151-152 °C152 °C @760 [mm Hg]151-152 °C/755 mmHg (lit.) |
| Decomposition | ... If involved in a fire decomposes rapidly to produce hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid. |
| Melting point | -112 °F (USCG, 1999)-80 °C-80°C |
| Vapor density | 4.02 (AIR= 1)Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.024 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 1.55 mmHg (USCG, 1999)0.75 [mmHg]1 MM HG AT 32 °CVapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 1337.5 [mm Hg] @38.700000000000003 °C1 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
| Refractive index | n20/D 1.433(lit.) |
| Flash point | 158°C |
| Storage conditions | Room Temperature, under inert atmosphere |
| Physical state | Oily Liquid, Fuming In Air |
| pKa (acidity coefficient) | -6.49±0.15(Predicted) |
| Specific gravity | 1.753 |
| Color | Yellow to brown |
| PH Range | 1 |
| pH | <1 (20°C in H2O, Aqueous solutionrigorous decomposition) |
| Sensitivity | Moisture Sensitive |
| Merck | 14,2165 |
| Stability | Stable, but reacts violently with water. In case of spills, mop up with sand - do not add water. Reacts with most metals to yield (flammable) hydrogen gas. Incompatible with strong bases, carbonates, water, combustible materials, strong oxidizing agents, most metals, organic materials, sulfides, cyanides, carbides. |
| InChI | 1S/ClHO3S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H,2,3,4) |
| InChIKey | XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | OS(Cl)(=O)=O |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | -0.003 at 25℃ |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 7790-94-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EWG's Food Scores | 1 |
| FDA UNII | 2O9AXL1TJ4 |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Chlorosulfonic acid (7790-94-5) |
| UNSPSC Code | 12352100 |
| NACRES | NA.22 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS05,GHS06 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H314-H330-H335 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P260-P271-P280-P303+P361+P353-P304+P340+P310-P305+P351+P338 |
| Target organs | Respiratory system |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Faceshields, Gloves, Goggles, type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter |
| Hazard symbols | C |
| Risk statements (R) | 14-35-37 |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-45 |
| UN transport number | UN 1754 (CHLOROSULPHONIC ACID (with or without sulphur trioxide)) |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 1 |
| RTECS number | FX5730000 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Hazard class | 8Acute Tox. 1 InhalationEye Dam. 1Skin Corr. 1ASTOT SE 3 |
| Packing group | I |
| Customs code | 28062000 |
| Storage class | 6.1B - Non-combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2very toxic hazardous materials |
| Hazardous substances data | 7790-94-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | DangerH314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P319, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H312 (50%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Hazards Identification | Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH) |
| Regulatory information | Chemical: Chlorosulfuric acidChlorosulfuric acid is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Chlorosulfuric acid are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 19-10-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/11125Chlorosulphonic acid: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| DOT label | Corrosive Poison Inhalation Hazard |
| Fire hazards | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Decomposes into irritating and toxic gases· EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily.Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with many substances. |
| Fire potential | Not combustible, but if involved in a fire decomposes rapidly to produce hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid. Evolves hydrogen on contact with moist metals. Closed containers may rupture violently. |
| Health hazards | INHALATION: vapor extremely irritating to lungs and mucous membranes. Vapor has such a sharp and pentrating odor that inhalation of severely toxic quantities is unlikely unless it is impossible to escape the fumes. CONTACT WITH EYES OR SKIN: liquid acid will severely burn body tissue. (USCG, 1999)· CORROSIVE and/or TOXICinhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. |
| Hazards summary | Highly corrosive to skin[Quick CPC] High inhalation exposure can induce pulmonary edema[CHEMINFO] A corrosive substance that can cause pulmonary edemaMay cause erosion of teeth enamel[ICSC] Reacts with water to produce hydrochloric and sulfuric acid[AIHA] |
| DOT ID and guide | 1754 137 |
| Reactive group | Acids, Strong Oxidizing |
| EC classification | Symbol: CR: 14-35-37S: (1/2)-26-45 |
| UN classification | UN Hazard Class: 8UN Pack Group: I |
| Reactivity Alerts | Strong Oxidizing Agent |
| Fire fighting | Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water. |
| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention . |
| Accidental release measures | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. |
| First aid | Call a physician in all cases.General First Aid: |
| Safe storage | Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed. |
| Firefighting Hazards | Forms strong acids on contact with water. |
| Exposure control and personal protection | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016]. |
| Fire fighting procedures | Use water spray, dry chemical, foam carbon dioxide. DO NOT allow water to make contact with material, as highly acidic run-off will be formed. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated. |
| Storage conditions | KEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED.Store in a cool, dry, well-ventillated location. Separate from water, acids, alkalies, alcohols. |
| Cleanup methods | Spills of hazardous chemicals (such as inorganic sulfur acids, oleums of strength 35 to 65%, liquid sulfur trioxide, or chlorosulfonic acid) can be treated with high molecular weight polyacrylamide, polymethyl methacrylate or a blend of polyacrylamides. Each forms a polymer skin over the liquid surface, suppressing the fume & allowing access to the spill so that cleanup can be done in a controlled manner. Polyacrylamide variant DP 1916 is best treatment for chlorosulfonic acid & oleum 20. Polycarbonate granules used in a layer approx 80 mm thick topped off with Sorboil (an absorbent clay) is best treatment for diked spills of oleums of all strengths & liq sulfur trioxide. The acid beneath the skin is best recovered by pumping. Unconfined spills of sulfur trioxide & oleums of all strengths can be treated with excess anhydrous sodium sulfate which forms a concrete-like residue that can be sprayed with water within 1 hour, dissolving it slowly. Expanded perlite, if contained in degradable bags, will effectively absorb & contain sulfur acids. Fumes of oleum 65% arising from spillage of 80 to 750 kg can be killed within 4 to 13 min. Asphalt or concrete is slightly affected. |
| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: |
| Spillage disposal | Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Cautiously neutralize remainder with alkaline materials, crushed limestone, sodium bicarbonate or soda ash. Then wash away with plenty of water. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: If chlorosulfonic acid is released to soil, it will be expected to rapidly hydrolyze if the soil is moist, based upon the reported violent hydrolysis by water(1,SRC). Since it rapidly hydrolyzes, biodegradation, adsorption to and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be significant processes, although no data specifically regarding the fate of chlorosulfonic acid in soil were located(SRC). Based upon a measured vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), volatilization from dry near-surface soil or other surfaces may be a significant process(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: If chlorosulfonic acid is released to water, it will be hydrolyzed violently by the water producing hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid(1). Based upon this rapid and violent hydrolysis, bioconcentration, biodegradation, volatilization, and adsorption to sediment and suspended solids are not expected to be significant processes(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If chlorosulfonic acid is released to the atmosphere, it will be expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase(1) based upon a reported vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C(2). It may be susceptible to hydrolysis in moist air based upon its rapid hydrolysis in aqueous solution(4,SRC) and the report that the chemical fumes in air(5). It will be susceptible to photooxidation via vapor phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. An atmospheric half-life of 1.2 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm has been calculated for this process based upon an estimated rate constant(3,SRC). |
| Adverse effects | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns. |
| Exposure routes | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.Pain. Redness. Serious skin burns.Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns.Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Nausea. Shock or collapse. |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), adsorption to soil is not expected to be a significant process(SRC). |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | IN CHEMISTRY LAB, 1 PATIENT /HOLDING FLASK CONTAINING 30 ML OF CHLOROSULFONIC ACID PLUS CHLOROBENZENE AT ABOUT ROOM TEMP ACCIDENTALLY DROPPED ... IT/ INTO WATER & RESULTING EXPLOSION PROJECTED CONTENTS INTO HIS FACE ... HE WAS ABLE TO WASH ... EYES WITH WATER ... WITHIN FEW SECONDS. BURNS OF CORNEA & CONJUNCTIVA WERE RESTRICTED TO PALPEBRAL FISSURE. BURNS OF LIDS WERE MORE SEVERE /& SUBSEQUENTLY UNDERWENT INCREASING SWELLING & LOSS OF PATCHES OF SKIN./ ... WITHIN 2 WK LIDS WERE HEALING WELL & CORNEAS HAD ONLY TINY AREAS OF UNHEALED EPITHELIUM ... VISION WAS RETURNING TO NORMAL.SYMPTOMATOLOGY ( ... INGESTION OR SKIN CONTACT): 1. CORROSION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF MOUTH, THROAT ... ESOPHAGUS, WITH ... PAIN & DYSPHAGIA. NECROTIC AREAS ... GRAYISH WHITE BUT SOON ... BLACKISH DISCOLORATION (YELLOW IN CASE OF NITRIC ACID) & SOMETIMES SHRUNK OR WRINKLED TEXTURE. 2. EPIGASTRIC PAIN ... MAY BE ASSOC WITH NAUSEA & VOMITING ... INTENSE THIRST. 3. CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE ... CLAMMY SKIN, WEAK & RAPID PULSE, SHALLOW RESP ... SCANTY URINE. ... SHOCK IS OFTEN ... CAUSE OF DEATH. 4. ASPHYXIAL DEATH DUE TO GLOTTIC EDEMA. 5. ULCERATION OF ALL MEMBRANES & TISSUES WITH WHICH ACID COMES IN CONTACT. ULCERATED AREAS OFTEN PERFORATE, LEADING TO MEDIASTINITIS & PERITONITIS. 6. LATE ESOPHAGEAL, GASTRIC & PYLORIC STRUCTURES & STENOSIS ... MAY REQUIRE ... SURGICAL REPAIR, SHOULD BE ANTICIPATED. PERMANENT SCARS MAY ... APPEAR IN CORNEA, SKIN & OROPHARYNX. 7. UNCORRECTED CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE OF SEVERAL HR ... MAY LEAD TO RENAL FAILURE & ISCHEMIC LESIONS IN LIVER & HEART. /ACIDS/... EXTREMELY CAUSTIC LIQUID WHICH GIVES OFF FUMES VERY IRRITATING TO EYES & RESP PASSAGES. |
| Artificial Pollution Sources | Chlorosulfonic acid may be released to the environment as a result of its manufacture and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of detergents, pharmaceuticals, sulfonating agents for dyes, pesticides, ion-exchange resins, anhydrous hydrogen chloride, and smoke-producing chemicals(1). |
| Environmental Biodegradation | No data were located concerning the biodegradation of chlorosulfonic acid either in natural systems or in laboratory studies(SRC). Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), biodegradation is not expected to be a significant process(SRC). |
| Environmental Bioconcentration | Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to be a significant process(SRC). |
| Volatilization from Water/Soil | Since chlorosulfonic acid is violently hydrolyzed in water(1), it is not possible to estimate the half-life for volatilization from these media(SRC). Volatilization from water and moist soil, however, is not expected to be significant relative to rapid hydrolysis(SRC). Based upon a measured vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), volatilization of chlorosulfonic acid from surfaces and near-surface dry soil may be significant processes(SRC). |
| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | ... RESP TRACT & OCULAR IRRITATION, HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN INTERNAL ORGANS WERE OBSERVED IN ACUTELY POISONED ANIMALS. |
| Environmental Abiotic Degradation | Chlorosulfonic acid reacts violently with water, hydrolyzing to hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid(1) which indicates that the compound has a very short half-life in aqueous media(SRC). Chlorosulfonic acid fumes in air(3) suggesting that the compound may be susceptible to hydrolysis in the atmosphere(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of chlorosulfonic acid with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 0.036X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 1.2 years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2,SRC). |
| Atmospheric standards | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chlorosulfonic acid is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. |
| CERCLA reportable quantities | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| Clean Water Act requirements | Designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. |
| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | Chlorosulfonic acidA Commercial GradeA Placarded AmountChemical or material that can be mixed with readily available materials. |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Faceshields, Gloves, Goggles, type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 1 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | FX5730000 |
| UN transport number | UN 1754 (CHLOROSULPHONIC ACID (with or without sulphur trioxide)) |
| Customs code | 28062000 |
| Risk statements (R) | 14-35-37 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS05,GHS06 |
| Hazard symbols | C |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-45 |
| Hazard class | 8Acute Tox. 1 InhalationEye Dam. 1Skin Corr. 1ASTOT SE 3 |
| Storage class | 6.1B - Non-combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2very toxic hazardous materials |
| Packing group | I |
| Target organs | Respiratory system |
| GHS hazard statements | H314-H330-H335 |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| GHS precautionary statements | P260-P271-P280-P303+P361+P353-P304+P340+P310-P305+P351+P338 |
| Hazardous substances data | 7790-94-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Description
Chlorosulfonic acid is a highly corrosive, colorless to yellow, slightly cloudy, fuming liquid with a sharpodor. Molecular weight =115.52; Boiling point =155℃;Freezing/Melting point =-80℃. Hazard Identification(based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 4,Flammability 0, Reactivity 2 . Reactive with water.
Uses
Chlorosulfuric Acid is used in the preparation of benzothiazepinylphosphonate bile acid transporter inhibitor. Also used in the preparation ofsulfated guar gum for potential use as an antioxidant.
Uses
manufacture of sulfone Compounds, saccharin. As chlorosulfonating and condensing agent in organic syntheses.
Uses
Chlorosulfonic acid is used as detergent and as an anti-contrail agent. It is used as an intermediate in the production of other substances such as pharmaceuticals and chemicals. It finds application in producing smoke screens.
General Description
A colorless to yellow colored fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Density 14.7 lb / gal. Causes severe burns. Very toxic by inhalation. Corrosive to metals.