HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
SDS · SLES · SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE · sls · SODIUM LAURYL SULPHATE · SODIUM DODECYL SULPHATE · LAURYL SULFATE SODIUM SALT · Rutile Sand
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 151-21-3 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C12H25NaO4S |
| Average molar mass | 288.38 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 288.13712473 g/mol |
| SMILES | CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+] |
| InChIKey | DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| PubChem CID | 3423265 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL23393 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:8984 |
| EC No. | 205-788-1 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID1026031 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| Topological polar surface area | 74.8 |
|---|---|
| Hydrogen bond donors | 0 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 4 |
| Rotatable bonds | 12 |
| Heavy atoms | 18 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 249 |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | 1.6log Kow = 1.60 |
| Odor | Faint odor of fatty substancesSlight, characteristic odorSlight fatty odour |
| Density | greater than 1.1 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999)1.03 g/mL at 20 °C |
| Color/Form | White or cream-colored crystals, flakes, or powderSmall, white or light-yellow crystalsWhite to cream-colored crystals, flakes or powder |
| Solubility | less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)1000001 g dissolves in 10 mL water, giving an opalescent solutionIn water, 1.00X10+5 mg/L (temp not specified)Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 15 (moderate)H2O: 0.1 M, clear to nearly clear, colorless to slightly yellowca. 150 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /sulfur oxides and sodium oxides/. |
| Melting point | 399 to 405 °F (NTP, 1992)205.5204 °C205 °C204-207 °C (lit.) |
| Surface Tension | 39.5 dyn/cm at 25 °C |
| Physical Description | Dodecyl sulfate, [sodium salt] appears as white to pale yellow paste or liquid with a mild odor. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)Dry PowderOther SolidLarge CrystalsCBIWhite or cream-colored solid[Merck Index] White to pale yellow paste or liquid[CAMEO] White powder[MSDSonline]WHITE SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. |
| Stability/Shelf Life | Stable under recommended storage conditions. |
| Other Experimental Properties | Lowers the surface tension of aqueous solutionsemulsifies fatsSmooth feel, neutral reaction |
| Bulk density | 490-560kg/m3 |
| FEMA | 4437 | SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE |
| Flash point | >100°C |
| Storage conditions | 2-8°C |
| Physical state | Powder or Crystals |
| Color | White to pale yellow |
| PH Range | 7.2 |
| pH | 6-9 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Biological source | synthetic (oragnic) |
| λmax | λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.3λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.2 |
| Merck | 14,8636 |
| BRN | 3599286 |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | CLEANSINGSURFACTANT - CLEANSINGDENATURANTFOAMING |
| InChI | 1S/C12H26O4S.Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-16-17(13,14)15/h2-12H2,1H3,(H,13,14,15)/q+1/p-1 |
| InChIKey | DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | 1.600 |
| Toxicology and Carcinogenesis | Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (CASRN 151-21-3) - No report issued. |
| Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) | SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE |
| FDA 21 CFR | 175.105175.300175.320176.170176.180176.210177.1200177.1210177.1630177.2600177.2800178.1010179.45 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 151-21-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| FDA UNII | 368GB5141J |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Sodium lauryl sulfate (151-21-3) |
| Absorption | ≤0.1 at 280nm in water at 30mg/mL |
| UNSPSC Code | 41116107 |
| NACRES | NC.01 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS05,GHS07 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H302-H315-H318-H412 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P264-P273-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338 |
| Hazard symbols | F,Xn,Xi |
| Risk statements (R) | 36/37/38-36/38-22-11-21/22-42-41-20/21/22-37/38 |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-36/37-36/37/39-36-22-39 |
| UN transport number | UN 2926 4.1/PG 2 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 2 |
| RTECS number | WT1050000 |
| F | 3 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Hazard class | 4.1Acute Tox. 4 OralAquatic Chronic 3Eye Dam. 1Skin Irrit. 2 |
| Packing group | III |
| Customs code | 29209010 |
| Storage class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| Hazardous substances data | 151-21-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 1288 mg/kg (Walker) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Limited quantities | 5.0 Kg (11 lbs) (solid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L) |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.9% (24 of 2658) of reports.DangerH228 (38.9%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]H302 (93.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]H315 (98.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]H318 (52.3%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H319 (39.8%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H332 (14.8%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]H335 (38.7%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposureRespiratory tract irritation]H412 (40.2%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]P210, P240, P241, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 2658 reports by companies from 99 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 24 of 2658 reports by companies.There are 98 notifications provided by 2634 of 2658 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website. |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: Sulfuric acid, monododecyl ester, sodium saltSulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 20-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/2126Dodecyl sodium sulphate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - Sodium, ammonium and potassium lauryl sulfate: Human health tier II assessmentEvaluation - Lauryl (dodecyl) sulfates |
| Fire hazards | Flash point data for this chemical are not availablehowever, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| Health hazards | Inhalation of dust causes sneezing and coughing. Ingestion of large amounts causes irritation of stomach. Dust irritates eyes and may cause burns on prolonged contact. Contact with skin causes some irritationcontinued exposure to water solution causes drying out and cracking. (USCG, 1999) |
| Hazards summary | A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant[ICSC] May cause allergic reactions and eye irritation[HSDB] An eye irritant that may cause burns on extended exposure[CAMEO] Found commercially as a solid (90-98% pure), paste (30-41%), or aqueous solution (28-50%)Solid is a severe skin and eye irritant, based on animal studiesSolutions cause irritation that increase with concentrationNot a skin sensitizer[CHEMINFO] An eye and mild skin irritant[eChemPortal: ERMA] An irritant[MSDSonline] |
| FDA requirements | Coatings may be applied to fresh citrus fruit for protection of the fruit in accordance with the following conditions: (a) the coating is applied in the minimum amount required to accomplish the intended effect and (b) the coating may be formulated from /sodium lauryl sulfate/ ... used in the minimum quantity required to accomplish the intended effect. Limitation: complying with 172.822. As a film former.The food additive sodium lauryl sulfate may be safely used in food in accordance with the following conditions: (a) the additive meets the following specifications: 1. It is a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates consisting chiefly of sodium lauryl sulfate and 2. it has a minimum content of 90% sodium alkyl sulfates. It is used or intended for use: 1. As an emulsifier in or with egg whites whereby the additive does not exceed the following limits: egg white solids, 1,000 ppmfrozen egg whites, 125 ppmand liquid egg whites, 125 ppm. 2. As a whipping agent at a level not to exceed 0.5% by weight of gelatine used in the preparation of marshmallows. 3. As a surfactant in fumaric acid-acidulated dry beverage base whereby the additive does not exceed 25 ppm of the finished beverage and such beverage base is not for use in a food for which a standard of identity established under section 401 of the Act precludes such use. As a surfactant in fumaric acid-acidulated fruit juice drinks whereby the additive does not exceed 25 ppm of the finished fruit juice drink and it is not used in a fruit juice drink for which a standard of identity established under section 401 of the Act precludes such use. 4. As a wetting agent at a level not to exceed 10 ppm in the partition of high and low melting fractions of crude vegetable oils and animal fats, provided that the partition step is followed by a conventional refining process that includes alkali neutralization and deodorization of the fats and oils.Resinous and polymeric coatings may be safely used as the food-contact surface of articles intended for use in producing, manufacturing, packing, processing, preparing, treating, packaging, transporting, or holding food, in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) The coating is applied as a continuous film or enamel over a metal substrate, or the coating is intended for repeated food-contact use and is applied to any suitable substrate as a continuous film or enamel that serves as a functional barrier between the food and the substrate. The coating is characterized by one or more of the following descriptions: (1) Coatings cured by oxidation. (2) Coatings cured by polymerization, condensation, and/or cross-linking without oxidation. (3) Coatings prepared from prepolymerized substances. (b) The coatings are formulated from optional substances that may include: (1) Substances generally recognized as safe in food. (2) Substances the use of which is permitted by regulations in this part or which are permitted by prior sanction or approval and employed under the specific conditions, if any, of the prior sanction or approval. (3) Any substance employed in the production of resinous and polymeric coatings that is the subject of a regulation in subchapter B of this chapter and conforms with any specification in such regulation. Substances named in this paragraph (b)(3) and further identified as required. Sodium lauryl sulfate is included on this list.Resinous and polymeric coatings may be safely used as the food-contact surface of articles intended for use in producing, manufacturing, packing, processing, preparing, treating, packaging, transporting, or holding food, in accordance with the following prescribed conditions: (a) The coating is applied as a continuous film over one or both sides of a base film produced from one or more of the basic olefin polymers complying with section 177.1520 of this chapter. The base polyolefin film may contain optional adjuvant substances permitted for use in polyolefin film by applicable regulations in parts 170 through 189 of this chapter. (b) The coatings are formulated from optional substances which are: (1) Substances generally recognized as safe for use in or on food. (2) Substances the use of which is permitted under applicable regulations in parts 170 through 189 of this chapter, by prior sanctions, or approvals. (3) Substances identified in this paragraph (b)(3) and subject to such limitations as are provided. Sodium lauryl sulfate is included on this list. Limitations: None. |
| Reactive group | Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic SaturatedSalts, Basic |
| Special Reports | USEPA/Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic SubstancesReregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Lauryl Sulfate Salts. The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of June 27, 2014: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm] |
| EPA Safer Chemical | Chemical: Sodium lauryl sulfateGreen circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern based on experimental and modeled data. |
| FIFRA requirements | Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. (a) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-contact surfaces in public eating places, dairy-processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. Sodium lauryl sulfate is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 350 ppm.Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (b) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Dairy processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. Sodium lauryl sulfate is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 350 ppm.Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to: Food-processing equipment and utensils. Sodium lauryl sulfate is included on this list. Limits: None.The Agency has completed its review ... and has determined that /data are/ sufficient to support reregistration and, that sodium lauryl sulfate can be used without resulting in unreasonable adverse effects to human health and the environment. The Agency therefore finds that the product containing sodium lauryl sulfate as the active ingredient is eligible for reregistration.For more FIFRA Requirements (Complete) data for SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Reactivity Profile | Salts, basic, such as DODECYL SULFATE, [SODIUM SALT], are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. |
| Chemical Dangers | Decomposes on burning. This produces toxic and corrosive gases including sulfur oxides. Reacts with strong oxidants and strong acids. |
| Fire fighting | Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)Use powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, carbon dioxide. |
| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
| First aid | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated areatake deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be usedif not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992) |
| Safe storage | Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| Fire fighting procedures | Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. Further information: Use water spray to cool unopened containers.Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. |
| Storage conditions | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. hygroscopic |
| Cleanup methods | Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wetbrushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. Contain spillage, pick up with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and transfer to a container for disposal according to local regulations. |
| Nonfire spill response | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. You should then dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% methanol, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with methanol to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent-wash contaminated surfaces with 60-70% methanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under ambient temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992) |
| Disposal methods | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product. |
| Spillage disposal | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. |
| Preventive Measures | SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking.Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge. |
| Eye Prevention | Wear safety goggles. |
| Interactions | Contact allergy to fragrance chemicals is an increasing problem. Polysensitization is likely to be a phenotype of increased susceptibility to contact allergy. The factors that play a role in polysensitization are largely unknown. Identifying these risk factors is important with regard to future studies on the aetiology of contact allergy. To investigate whether enhanced skin irritability is a risk factor for the development of polysensitization to fragrance chemicals, one hundred participants characterized by fragrance contact allergy were included in /this/ study. The participants were patch tested on the back with 25 individual fragrance chemicals and fragrance mixes... and on the upper arm with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (consisting of SLS concentrations of 0.45%, 0.67%, 1%, and 1.5%). Reading of both tests was performed during the following visits at days 2, 3, and 7. The response to SLS was monitored by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Polysensitization was defined as three or more allergic reactions to non-cross-reacting fragrance chemical allergens. Individuals with polysensitization showed significantly higher irritation responses to SLS 1% and 1.5% as assessed by TEWL. /The study/ found an enhanced skin irritation response to be a risk factor for the development of polysensitization to fragrance chemicals.The barrier perturbation pattern and molecular markers of inflammation upon tandem repeated irritation in chronologically aged skin have not been previously studied. /The study/ aimed to investigate the barrier impairment kinetic and in vivo cytokine profile following sequential irritation with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and undiluted toluene (Tol) in aged compared with young skin. Four fields on the volar forearm of healthy aged and young volunteers (median age, respectively, 63.9 and 32.6 years) were sequentially exposed to 0.5% SLS and undiluted toluene in a controlled tandem repeated irritation testan adjacent nontreated field served as control. The permeability barrier function was monitored by repeated measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), capacitance and erythema every 24 hr up to 96 hr. The stratum corneum cytokines were harvested by sequential tape stripping and quantified by multiplex bead array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compared with young skin, aged skin was characterized by delayed and/or less pronounced alterations in the visual irritation score, TEWL, chromametry a*-value and capacitance, assessed by the respective delta-values for each parameter and monitoring time point. In both groups, exposure to SLS/SLS, SLS/Tol and Tol/SLS resulted in decreased interleukin (IL)-1alpha levels, whereas the application of Tol/Tol induced an increase in IL-1alpha. Furthermore, decreased IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) levels and a lower IL-1RA/IL-1alpha ratio were found following repeated exposure to the irritants. Our results provide evidence for selective alterations in the cytokine profile and distinct barrier impairment kinetic following tandem repeated irritation with SLS and Tol in aged compared with young skin in vivo.The influence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on the efficacies of topical gel formulations of foscarnet against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) cutaneous infection has been evaluated in mice. A single application of the gel formulation containing 3% foscarnet given 24 hr postinfection exerted only a modest effect on the development of herpetic skin lesions. Of prime interest, the addition of 5% SLS to this gel formulation markedly reduced the mean lesion score. The improved efficacy of the foscarnet formulation containing SLS could be attributed to an increased penetration of the antiviral agent into the epidermis. In vitro, SLS decreased in a concentration-dependent manner the infectivities of herpes viruses for Vero cells. SLS also inhibited the HSV-1 strain F-induced cytopathic effect. Combinations of foscarnet and SLS resulted in subsynergistic to subantagonistic effects, depending on the concentration used. Foscarnet in phosphate-buffered saline decreased in a dose-dependent manner the viability of cultured human skin fibroblasts. This toxic effect was markedly decreased when foscarnet was incorporated into the polymer matrix. The presence of SLS in the gel formulations did not alter the viabilities of these cells. The use of gel formulations containing foscarnet and SLS could represent an attractive approach to the treatment of herpetic mucocutaneous lesions, especially those caused by acyclovir-resistant strains.The mechanisms of herpes simplex virus (HSV) inactivation by sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and n-lauroylsarcosine (LS), two anionic surfactants with protein denaturant potency, have been evaluated in cultured cells. Results showed that pretreatment of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) strain F and HSV-2 strain 333 with either surfactant inhibited, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, their infectivities on Vero cells. SLS was a more potent inhibitor of HSV-2 strain 333 infectivity than LS with respect to the concentration (4.8-fold lower) and time (2.4-fold shorter) required to completely inactivate the virus. No inhibition of both herpes virus strains infectivities was observed when Vero cells were pretreated with either surfactant. LS prevented the binding of HSV-2 strain 333 to cells without affecting the stable attachment and the rate of penetration into cells, whereas SLS exerted the opposite effect. Both SLS and LS inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, the HSV-2 strain 333-induced cytopathic effect, probably by affecting newly synthesized virions that come into contact with surfactant molecules present in culture medium. The pretreatment of HSV-2 strain 333 with specific combinations of SLS and LS concentrations inhibited the viral infectivity in a synergistic manner and resulted in only a small increase in their toxicities for exponentially growing Vero cells compared with that caused by each compound alone. Taken together, these results suggest that SLS and LS, alone or combined, could represent potent candidates as microbicides in topical vaginal formulations to prevent the transmission of herpes and possibly other pathogens that cause sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1.For more Interactions (Complete) data for SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Health effects | SLS can cause skin and eye irritation, as well as canker sores when used in toothpasete. SLS may also react to produce nitrosamines, which are believed to be carcinogenic. (L1890, L1898) |
| Ecotoxicity values | EC50Species: Americamysis bahia (Opossum Shrimp) age 4 days juvenileConditions: saltwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.5-8.0, dissolved oxygen 70-121% saturatedConcentration: 16500 ug/L for 96 hrEffect: decreased survival /formulated product/Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr juvenileConditions: freshwater, renewalConcentration: 51500 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 50600-52300 ug/L)Effect: decreased acetylcholinesterase /99% purity/LC50Species: Ceriodaphnia dubia (Water Flea) neonateConditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH 8.11-8.66, hardness 54-72 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 56-76 mg/L, dissolved oxygen 7.46-9.14 mg/LConcentration: 1260 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 1140-1390 ug/L) /100% purity/Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age 24 hr neonateConditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH 7-8, hardness 93 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 45 mg/L, dissolved oxygen >4 mg/LConcentration: 1800 ug/L for 48 hr /99% purity/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3200(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that sodium lauryl sulfate is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of sodium lauryl sulfate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) as it is a salt and has a water solubility of 1.0X10+5 mg/L(3). Sodium lauryl sulfate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.7X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 85% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(4) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3200(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that sodium lauryl sulfate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a water solubility, 1.0X10+5 mg/L(4) and that it is a salt. According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 71(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.60(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 85% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(7) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), sodium lauryl sulfate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.7X10-13 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase sodium lauryl sulfate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Sodium lauryl sulfate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| Exposure routes | The substance can be absorbed into the body through the skin and by ingestion.Oral (A2880)inhalation (A2880)dermal (L1889) |
| Toxicity summary | Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate appear to be safe in formulations designed for discontinuous, brief use followed by thorough rinsing from the surface of the skin. In products intended for prolonged contact with skin, concentrations should not exceed 1%.Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualificationsIDENTIFICATION AND USE: Sodium lauryl sulfate is a white or cream-colored crystal, flake, or powder with a faint odor. Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in general as a detergent, dispersant, and surfactant. Pure sodium dodecyl sulfate is used mainly in dentifrice products (a powder, paste, or liquid for cleaning the teeth), in hair shampoos, and in emulsion polymerization. The rest is either used in special cosmetic formulations, e.g. for bubble baths and hair bleaches, or as a fine chemical, e.g. as denaturing agent in gel electrophoresis. Besides pure sodium dodecyl sulfate detergent, manufacturers usually produce "technical grade" sodium dodecyl sulfate, a product that consists of approximately 70 % sodium dodecyl sulfate and 30 % sodium tetradecyl sulfate. This product is generally called sodium lauryl sulfate. Technical grade sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as a detergent in dish-washing products (main use), as additive for plastics and latices, and in paints and lacquers. Sodium lauryl sulfate is used as a flea and tick repellant in one registered pesticide product--a flea and tick shampoo for cats and dogs. Sodium lauryl sulfate also is a widely used component of many nonpesticidal consumer products currently marketed in the United States, including shampoos and fruit juices. It is also used in hydraulic fracturing to prevent the formation of emulsions in the fracture fluid. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Among 242 patients suffering from eczematous dermatitis, the percentage of allergic reactions reached 54.6%. A great number of allergic reactions to sodium lauryl sulfate (6.4%) was observed. The study was conducted to compare the effects of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-free and SLS-containing dentifrice (a powder, paste, or liquid for cleaning the teeth) in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Although SLS-free products did not reduce the number of ulcers and episodes, it affected the ulcer-healing process and reduces pain in daily lives in patientsWhile sodium lauryl sulfate itself is not toxic, it is a nitrosating agent. Nitrosating agents may decompose and/or react to cause nitrosamine contamination. Nitrosamines are produced from secondary amines and amides in the presence of nitrite ions and are believed to be carcinogenic. Once in the body, nitrosamines are activated by cytochrome P-450 enzymes. They are then believed to induce their carcinogenic effects by forming DNA adducts at the N- and O-atoms. (L1889, L1890, A2878, A2879, A2880) |
| Ecotoxicity excerpts | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ Swim-through chemical repellency tests, using sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), cupric acetate, and rotenone, were conducted in a specially-designed roundabout tank on horn sharks, Heterodontus francisci, swell sharks, Cephaloscylliun ventriosum, and leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata. Effective concentration thresholds (EC50s) were calculated for two levels of response: (1) minimum noticeable and (2) strong. The SLS EC50s were: horn shark 43.6 and 174.5 ppmswell shark 95.1 and 160.0 ppmand leopard shark inconclusive and 113.1 ppm. No response was discernible from cupric acetate. Rotenone evoked a weak response with an EC50 of 5.7 ppm, but no strong response. The ratio of the minimum noticeable EC50: 24-hour lethal concentration (LC50) indicated the relative repellency (compared to toxicity) of the chemicals. The ratio for SLS was 19:1 and for rotenone 57:1. SLS did not provoke a repellency response at a low enough concentration to function effectively as a classical, surrounding-cloud type, repellent. The range of potency of SLS, however, does allow it to be used as a directional repellent./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Uptake, tissue distribution, and elimination of /sodium/ lauryl sulfate were investigated in carp. Concentration factors for hepatopancreas and gallbladder were 50 and 700 respectively. Max whole-body levels were reached during 24-72 hr. Survival time decreased with increased water hardness. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Sore throat. Cough.Redness.Redness. Pain.Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhoea.SLS can cause skin and eye irritation, as well as canker sores when used in toothpasete. (L1898) |
| Ongoing Test Status | EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assaysSee the data in Chemical Explorer/[USEPAICSS Dashboard ApplicationAvailable from, as of June 27, 2014: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of June 30, 2014: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=151-21-3] |
| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment. |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of sodium lauryl sulfate can be estimated to be 3200(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that sodium lauryl sulfate is expected to have slight mobility in soil. |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Objective: To compare the effects of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-free and SLS-containing dentifrice in patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Materials and methods: The design of this study was a double-blind crossover trial. The 90 subjects were divided into three groups: group I used SLS-free (a commercially available SLS-free dentifrice) and SLS-A (SLS-free + 1.5% SLS), group II used SLS-A and SLS-B (a commercially available 1.5% SLS-containing dentifrice), and group III used SLS-free and SLS-B. The subjects used one of the two assigned dentifrices for 8 weeks and then the other for the following 8 weeks. The order of the dentifrices used was selected at random, and there was a 2-week washout period between the two phases. The clinical parameters (number of ulcers, number of episodes, duration of ulcers, mean pain score) were compared between the two phases for each group. Results: The number of ulcers and episodes did not differ significantly between SLS-A, SLS-B, and SLS-free. Only duration of ulcers and mean pain score was significantly decreased during the period using SLS-free. Conclusion: Although SLS-free did not reduce the number of ulcers and episodes, it affected the ulcer-healing process and reduces pain in daily lives in patients with RAS./CASE REPORTS/ Among 242 patients suffering from eczematous dermatitis, the percentage of allergic reactions reached 54.6%. Great number of allergic reactions to sodium lauryl sulfate (6.4%) was observed. |
| F | 3 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 2 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | WT1050000 |
| UN transport number | UN 2926 4.1/PG 2 |
| Customs code | 29209010 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 1288 mg/kg (Walker) |
| Risk statements (R) | 36/37/38-36/38-22-11-21/22-42-41-20/21/22-37/38 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS05,GHS07 |
| Hazard symbols | F,Xn,Xi |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-36/37-36/37/39-36-22-39 |
| Hazard class | 4.1Acute Tox. 4 OralAquatic Chronic 3Eye Dam. 1Skin Irrit. 2 |
| Storage class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| Packing group | III |
| GHS hazard statements | H302-H315-H318-H412 |
| Limited quantities | 5.0 Kg (11 lbs) (solid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| GHS precautionary statements | P264-P273-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338 |
| Hazardous substances data | 151-21-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Description
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an anionic surfactant, and is a typical representative of sulphate-based surfactant. It is abbreviated as SDS, and also known as AS, K12, coco alcohol sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate and foaming agent. The commercial products are usually white to light yellow crystalline powder. It is non-toxic, slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in chloroform and ether, soluble in water, and has good anionic and nonionic complex compatibility. It has good emulsibility, foamability, and foaming, infiltrating, decontaminating and dispersing properties. It is abundant in foams and quickly biodegradable, and has solubility next only to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulphate (abbreviated as AES). It is not sensitive to alkali and hard water, but its stability is inferior to general sulfonate under acidic conditions and is close to AES. It is not favorable to exceed 95 °C upon long-term heating, and its irritation is at the middle level among surfactants, with an irritation index of 3.3 for a 10% solution, which is higher than AES and lower than sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (abbreviated as LAS). Toxicity LD50 is 1300mg/kg. There is no evidence that this product is carcinogenic, but high doses may indeed irritate the skin. However, in general sanitary products the concentration is limited when used as a forming agent, and is in line with national standards. So there is no need to concern. Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a major component of detergent. It is usually used in the DNA extraction process to separate DNA after protein denaturation. It is often misread as sodium dodecyl sulfonate. It is widely used as a foaming agent in toothpaste, soap, shower gel, shampoo, detergent and cosmetics. 95% of personal care products and household cleaning products contain sodium lauryl sulfate.The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Jin Yinxue.
Uses
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an emulsifier and whipping aid that has a solubility of 1 g in 10 ml of water. It functions as an emulsifier in egg whites. It is used as a whipping aid in marshmallows and angel food cake mix. It also functions to aid in dissolving fumaric acid.
Uses
Wetting agent, detergent, especially in the textile industry. Electrophoretic separation of proteins and lipids. Ingredient of toothpastes.
General Description
White to pale yellow paste or liquid with a mild odor. Sinks and mixes with water.
Preparation & Synthesis
Preparation
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be synthesized by reacting dodecyl alcohol with sulfur trioxide gas, followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide. The preparation of SDS involves the following steps: The reaction takes place in a vertical reactor at 32 °C. Nitrogen gas is introduced through the gas vents at a flow rate of 85.9 L/min. Lauryl alcohol is added at a flow rate of 58 g/min at 82.7 kPa. Liquid sulfur trioxide is fed into the flash evaporator at 124.1 kPa, with a flow rate of 0.9072 kg/h and a flash temperature of 100 °C. The sulfated product is quickly cooled to 50 °C, aged for 10-20 min, then neutralized with a base in a neutralization kettle controlled at 50 °C. The pH is adjusted to 7-8.5, and the liquid product is spray dried to obtain a solid product.