HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Maltitol
D-MALTITOL · malbit · Maltitol Crystal · MALTITOL-BASEDPRODUCTS · D-Glucitol, 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl- · titoL · maltit · maltimr
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 585-88-6 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C12H24O11 |
| Average molar mass | 344.31 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 344.13186158 g/mol |
| SMILES | OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO |
| InChIKey | VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 493591 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL63558 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:68428 |
| EC No. | 209-567-0 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID0044444 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| XLogP | -5.2 |
|---|---|
| Topological polar surface area | 201 |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 9 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 11 |
| Rotatable bonds | 8 |
| Heavy atoms | 23 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 343 |
| Odor | NeutralNeutral odor |
| Taste | Sweet |
| Color/Form | White powder |
| Solubility | Very soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanolVery soluble in water, practically insoluble in anhydrous ethanol.Soluble in water. Slightly soluble in ethanol. |
| Decomposition | When /maltitol/ is heated at temperatures above 200 °C, decomposition begins (depending on time, temperature, adn other prevailing conditions). Maltitol does not undergo browning reactions with amino acids, and absorbs atmospheric moisture only at relative humidities of 89% and above, at 20 °C. |
| Melting point | 148 to 151 °C146-147 °C147 - 153 °C149-152 °C (lit.) |
| Optical Rotation | [α]D/20 + 105,5° to + 108,5° (5 % w/v solution)Specific optical rotation: +106.5 deg at 20 °C/D |
| Physical Description | Dry PowderWhite crystalline powderSolid |
| Stability/Shelf Life | Maltitol has good thermal and chemical stability. |
| Other Experimental Properties | Water content: 2% (max)weakly hygroscopic in the solid state |
| Boiling point | 399.42°C (rough estimate) |
| alpha | [α]D20 +106～+108゜ (c=0.8, H2O) |
| Density | 1.3863 (rough estimate) |
| Vapor pressure | 0.001Pa at 20℃ |
| Refractive index | 105 ° (C=10, H2O) |
| Storage conditions | 2-8°C |
| pKa (acidity coefficient) | 12.84±0.70(Predicted) |
| Physical state | Crystalline Powder |
| Color | White |
| BRN | 89983 |
| Henry's law constant | 2.3×1015 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, HSDB (2015) |
| Stability | Hygroscopic |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | FRAGRANCEHUMECTANTMOISTURISINGSKIN CONDITIONING |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) | Maltitol (585-88-6) |
| InChI | 1S/C12H24O11/c13-1-4(16)7(18)11(5(17)2-14)23-12-10(21)9(20)8(19)6(3-15)22-12/h4-21H,1-3H2/t4-,5+,6+,7+,8+,9-,10+,11+,12+/m0/s1 |
| InChIKey | VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N |
| SMILES | OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@H](O)CO |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | -3.87 at 24℃ |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 585-88-6(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EWG's Food Scores | 1 |
| FDA UNII | D65DG142WK |
| EPA Substance Registry System | D-Glucitol, 4-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl- (585-88-6) |
| UNSPSC Code | 41116107 |
| NACRES | NA.25 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| GHS hazard statements | H315-H319-H335 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US) |
| Safety statements (S) | 24/25 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| RTECS number | LZ4394000 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Customs code | 29400090 |
| Storage class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| Hazardous substances data | 585-88-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 91.7% (66 of 72) of all reports.Not ClassifiedReported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 66 of 72 companies (only 8.3% companies provided GHS information). For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.Aggregated GHS information provided per 72 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 66 of 72 reports by companies.There are 3 notifications provided by 6 of 72 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website. |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: D-Glucitol, 4-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-D-Glucitol, 4-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of D-Glucitol, 4-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)PMN - indicates a commenced PMN (Pre-Manufacture Notices) substance.Status: Active Update: 08-10-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/31638D-Glucitol, 4-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| FDA requirements | Food labeling. Health claims: dietary noncariogenic carbohydrate sweeteners and dental caries. ... Eligible noncariogenic carbohydrate sweeteners are the sugar alcohols xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, isomalt, lactitol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, hydrogenated glucose syrups, and erythritol, or a combination of these. |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Not Classified |
| Fire fighting procedures | Water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam as appropriate for surrounding fire and materials.This material is assumed to be combustible. As with all dry powders, it is advisable to ground mechanical equipment in contact with dry material to dissipate the potential buildup of static electricity. |
| Storage conditions | Store in tight container as defined in the USP-NF. This material should be handled and stored per label instructions to ensure product integrity. |
| Cleanup methods | Wear approved respiratory protection, chemically compatible gloves, and protective clothing. Wipe up spillage or collect spillage using a high-efficiency vacuum cleaner. Avoid breathing dust. Place spillage in appropriately labeled container for disposal. Wash spill site. |
| Disposal methods | SRP: Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. |
| Preventive Measures | As with all fires, evacuate personnel to a safe area. Firefighters should use self-contained breathing equipment and protective clothing.As a general rule, when handling USP Reference Standards, avoid all contact and inhalation of dust, mists, and/or vapors associated with the material. Wash thoroughly after handling./Wear/ chemically compatible gloves /and/ safety glasses or goggles. Protect exposed skin. |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Use a NIOSH-approved respirator, if it is determined to be necessary by an industrial hygiene survey involving air monitoring. In the event that a respirator is not required, an approved dust mask should be used.Engineering controls such as exhaust ventilation are recommended. |
| Interactions | The effects of maltitol and mannitol on the /gastrointestinal/ absorption of acetaminophen, sulfisoxazole and riboflavin in mice were investigated in a controlled double-blind fashion. Oral maltitol or mannitol was administered to 6 mice and 2 hr after ingestion the blood levels of the 3 drugs were found to be lower than in the controls, and drug absorption was inhibited. It was suggested that these results were caused by the action of maltitol and mannitol which accelerated small intestine motility, secretion and vascular permeability in the intestinal membrane. These changes may be mediated by biogenic amine, serotonin, histamine and polyamines in the small intestine.To estimate the suppressive effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) on transitory diarrhea induced by ingestion of a sufficient amount of maltitol or lactitol in female subjects. The first, the minimal dose level of maltitol and lactitol that would induce transitory diarrhea was estimated separately for each subject. Individual subject was administered a dose that increased by 5 g stepwise from 10 to 45 g until diarrhea was experienced. Thereafter, the suppressive effect on diarrhea was observed after each subject ingested a mixture of 5 g of PHGG and the minimal dose level of maltitol or lactitol. Thirty-four normal female subjects (21.3+/-0.9 years49.5+/-5.3 kg). Incidence of diarrhea caused by the ingestion of maltitol or lactitol and the ratio of suppression achieved by adding PHGG for diarrhea. The ingestion of amounts up to 45 g of maltitol, diarrhea caused in 29 of 34 subjects (85.3%), whereas the ingestion of lactitol caused diarrhea in 100%. The diarrhea owing to maltitol was improved in 10 of 28 subjects by the addition of 5 g of PHGG to minimal dose-induced diarrhea, and that owing to lactitol was in seven of 19 subjects. Adding 10 g of PHGG strongly suppressed the diarrhea caused by maltitol, and the cumulative ratio was 82.1% (23/28). The transitory diarrhea caused by the ingestion of maltitol or lactitol was clearly suppressed by the addition of PHGG. These results strongly suggest that diarrhea caused by the ingestion of a sufficient amount of non-digestible sugar substitute can be suppressed by the addition of dietary fiber.The enhancing effects of maltitol (alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1,4-sorbitol) on absorption of calcium by the rat intestine have been studied by use of [(45)Ca]CaCl2 in-vivo. After intragastric administration of [(45)Ca]CaCl2 solution with maltitol, plasma (45)Ca concentration remained at the maximum level for more than 80 min, whereas for animals given [(45)Ca]CaCl2 solution without maltitol, plasma (45)Ca concentration declined sharply after the peak. Determination of (45)Ca radioactivity remaining in the various segments of the gastrointestinal tract revealed that administration of maltitol elicited slower gastric emptying and slower intestinal transit, resulting in extensive (45)Ca distribution along the small intestine throughout the experimental period. The luminal contents of the small intestine were significantly higher in rats given maltitol than in the control group. These results suggest that the enhancing action of maltitol on intestinal calcium absorption could be attributed to reduced gastrointestinal calcium transit and increased luminal fluid content, presumably because of the osmotic activity of maltitolthis would not only accelerate the dissolution of calcium into the increased luminal contents, but also enable a larger area of the small intestine to absorb calcium for a longer period of time.Dental caries and periodontal disease are wide-spread oral illnesses whose etiology is intimately associated with the consumption of carbohydrate sweeteners. ...Human clinical trials and several animal experiments have shown promising clinical results obtained by replacing sucrose with certain sugar alcohols (polyols). Among the sugar alcohols, the best results so far have been obtained with xylitol, which is chemically a pentitol containing five carbon atoms. Chewing gums containing xylitol have been shown to be strong instruments against caries in caries-active age-groups and in high-risk subjects. More research is needed to assess the ability of mixtures of xylitol with sorbitol, palatinit, maltitol, other sugar alcohols, and intense sweeteners to prevent oral plaque diseases. Although thorough clinical trials on the relationship between carbohydrate sweeteners and periodontal diseases have not been performed, the available data indicate that dietary polyols may have a restricted dampening effect on periodontal and gingival inflammations. |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 69(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that maltitol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of maltitol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.2X10-21 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Maltitol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.82X10-16 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2011).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 69(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that maltitol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.2X10-21 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -5.61(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2011).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), maltitol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-16 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase maltitol may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Maltitol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| Toxicity summary | Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of maltitol can be estimated to be 69(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that maltitol is expected to have high mobility in soil. |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ To estimate the clinical effect of the maltitol chewing gums in plaque control. Thirty 13-15 years old susceptible adolescent were divided into three groups randomly, group A (maltitol chewing gums), group B (xylitol chewing gums) and group C (gum base chewing gums). Subjects chewed gums 5 times each day, 10 min each time. At baseline and at 4-week, subjects were evaluated for supragingival plaque. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. Four weeks later, plaque index of the three groups continuously step down. Significant difference was observed between baseline and 4-week (P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.006). Four weeks later, there was statistically significant difference in clearance rate of plaque among the three groups (P = 0.015). There was still no statistically significant difference between group A and group B (P = 0.687), but they were both different from C group(P = 0.019, 0.007). Maltitol chewing gum can lead to similar effect on reduction of plaque as xylitol chewing gum./HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Four healthy men (21-23 years of age) were given daily doses of 10 g maltitol containing 79.65 uCi (14)C-U-maltitol for a period of 7 days. Expired breath, blood, urine, and feces were collected. An average of 17% of the total (14)CO2 recovered was exhaled within the first 2 hours, and 43% of the total (14)CO2 was exhaled within 4 hours. The total recovery of (14)CO2 suggests a caloric utilization of maltitol in man of approximately 90%. This value is substantiated by the low radioactivity levels found in the feces (5%) and by the presence of appreciable quantities of radioactive metabolites in the blood and urine 7 days after administration./HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Daily amounts of 35 g maltitol were given with meals for a period of 10 days to 4 subjects aged 34-53 years. Subjective signs (flatulence, gripes, and nausea) and fecal parameters (amount, frequency, pH, and content of maltitol) were compared with data from a control period without maltitol application. During the 10-day test period, there were no significant alterations of frequency and amount of feces or of the pH. No maltitol was detected in the excreta by thin-layer chromatography./HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Two healthy volunteers (aged 30 and 35 years) each received a test meal of 69.5 g maltitol on an empty stomach. Twenty minutes after oral administration, blood glucose concentrations had increased by 20 and 30 mg/dL, respectively. They remained at this level for 2 hours and started to normalize 3 hours after maltitol application. At that time, the 2 individuals suffered from diarrhea (2 and 3.5 hours, respectively).For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Maltitol (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Artificial Pollution Sources | Maltitol's production and use as an artificial sweetener(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). |
| Environmental Bioconcentration | An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for maltitol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -5.61(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). |
| Volatilization from Water/Soil | The Henry's Law constant for maltitol is estimated as 4.2X10-21 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that maltitol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). Maltitol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-16 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3). |
| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Three rats were injected with maltitol (250 mg/animal). The dose was virtually cleared from the blood within 1 hr, and at most the equivalent of approximately 30 mg was recovered as sorbitol in the excreta after 24 hr. There was no evidence of a rise in blood glucose after injection of maltitol. Little or no metabolism of maltitol had occurred in the tissues because hydrolysis was catalyzed by gastric or intestinal enzymes./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Ten grams maltitol was given to fasted germ-free or normal rats by stomach tube. Urine and feces were collected for 24 hours after intubation and analyzed for sorbitol and maltitol. No glucose was detected in the urine or feces of any of the animals, and there was no significant difference in the maltitol content of the urine. The sorbitol content of the urine was higher in germ-free than in normal animals, but no statistical differences were found. In normal animals there was a 96% utilization of maltitol, while in germ-free animals, utilization was 84%, indicating that microbial utilization is not the major factor in maltitol metabolism. Maltitol injected i.v. (0.25 g/animal) was excreted almost quantitatively (88%) in the urine, producing no significant rise in blood glucose. No sorbitol was detected in the blood. The small amount of sorbitol in the urine indicated slight utilization of maltitol in body tissues./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Maltitol was administered to rats either by gastric probe at a dosage of 2 g/kg or i.v. at a dosage of 1 g/kg. Blood glucose and insulin levels and the liver glycogen content were measured at 4.5 hours. Maltitol induced hyperglycemia similar to that observed by the administration of an equivalent amount of glucose or sucrose./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Groups of 35 male Wistar rats (about 200 g each) received by gavage 1.2 mL of a 50%-aqueous solution of maltitol, xylitol, sorbitol, or glucose, and their blood glucose and residual sugar alcohols in the digestive tract were determined hourly for 6 consecutive hrs. Animals given the sugar alcohols exhibited lower blood glucose values than animals receiving glucose itself. Maltitol disappeared from the digestive tract the most quickly of the sugars that were investigated.For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Maltitol (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Environmental Abiotic Degradation | Maltitol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). Maltitol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(1), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| Probable Routes of Human Exposure | Occupational exposure to maltitol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where maltitol is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to maltitol via ingestion of and dermal contact with consumer products containing maltitol. (SRC) |
| Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary | Maltitol's production and use as an artificial sweetener may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-16 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates maltitol will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase maltitol will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. Maltitol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm, and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, maltitol is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 69. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.2X10-21 atm-cu m/mole. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, maltitol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to maltitol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where maltitol is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to maltitol via ingestion of and dermal contact with consumer products containing maltitol. (SRC) |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US) |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 3 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | LZ4394000 |
| Customs code | 29400090 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| GHS pictogram | GHS07 |
| Safety statements (S) | 24/25 |
| Storage class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| GHS hazard statements | H315-H319-H335 |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| GHS precautionary statements | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
| Hazardous substances data | 585-88-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Description
Maltitol is a-D-glucopyranosyl-1.4-glucitol. The solubility in water is approximately 1,750 g/L at room temperature. Maltitol is stable under the common processing conditions of foods. In addition to dry maltitol several types of syrups are available.Maltitol is, depending on the concentration, approximately 90 % as sweet as sucrose and noncariogenic.In the European Union, maltitol is approved as E 965 for a large number of food applications. It is GRAS in the United States and also approved in many other countries.
Uses
Sweetener.
Uses
Maltitol is a polyhydric alcohol (polyol) produced by hydrogenation of maltose. it is approximately 90% as sweet as sucrose, has good stability, and is nonhygroscopic. uses include chewing gum, dry nut bakery products, and chocolate.
Uses
Maltol is a flavor enhancer used as a synthetic flavoring substance, the function of which is related to ethyl . It occurs naturally in chicory, cocoa, coffee, and cereals. It does not contribute a flavor of its own, but modifies the inherent flavors. As compared to ethyl , it is one-half to one-sixth as effective. It is less soluble, having a solubility of 1 g in 82 ml of water at 25°c. It has a melting range of 160–164°c. It is used to enhance the flavor and aroma of fruit, vanilla, and chocolate flavored foods and beverages. It is also used in beverages and desserts with a typical usage range of 10–200 ppm.
General Description
Maltitol is a low-caloric artificial sweetener, consisting of a sugar alcohol (polyol),