HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Aniline
ANILINE OIL · BENZENAMINE · PHENYLAMINE · Anilin · arylamine · Anilina · BENZENEAMINE · benzamine
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 18960-62-8 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C6H7N |
| Average molar mass | 93.13 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 93.05784923 g/mol |
| SMILES | Nc1ccccc1 |
| InChIKey | PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 6115 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL538 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:17296 |
| EC No. | 200-539-3 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID8020090 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| XLogP | 0.9 |
|---|---|
| Topological polar surface area | 26 |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 1 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 1 |
| Rotatable bonds | 0 |
| Heavy atoms | 7 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 46 |
| pH | pH = 8.1 (0.2 molar aq soln)8.8 (36g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | 0.9log Kow = 0.900.94 |
| Odor | Hedonic tonepungentAromatic amine-like odor.Sweet, amine-like odor detectable at 0.6 to 10 ppm |
| Taste | Burning tasteDetection threshold 7.0X10+1 ppm (medium: watermodality: tastesample purity: chemically pure)Detection threshold 4.61X10-5 ppm (medium: watersample purity: not specified) |
| Density | 1.022 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than waterwill sink1.0217 at 20 °C/20 °CRelative density (water = 1): 1.021.022 @ 20°C1.022 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Viscosity | 4.35 cP at 20 °C1.62 cP at 60 °C |
| Color/Form | Oily liquidcolorless when freshly distilled, darkens on exposure to air and lightColorless with a bluish fluorescence when freshly distilledColorless to brown, oily liquid [Note: A solid below 21 °F] |
| Solubility | 10 to 50 mg/mL at 73 °F (NTP, 1992)36000In water, 36,000 mg/L at 25 °C3.5 parts/100 parts water at 25 °C6.4 parts/100 parts water at 90 °COne gram dissolves in 28.6 mL water, 15.7 mL boiling waterSoluble in waterwater: soluble36 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Flash point | 158 °F (EPA, 1998)70 °C70 °C (158 °F) - closed cup169 °F (76 °C) - Closed cup76 °C c.c. |
| Boiling point | 363 to 367 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)184.1184.1 °C184.00 to 185.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg184 °C363 °F184 °C (lit.) |
| Decomposition | Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx).When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.Decomposes above 190 °C . This produces toxic and corrosive fumes of nitrogen oxides and ammonia and flammable vapors. |
| Melting point | 21 °F (EPA, 1998)-6-6.0 °C-6 °C-6 °C (lit.) |
| Vapor density | 3.22 (185 °C, vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 0.7 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
| Refractive index | n20/D 1.586(lit.) |
| Storage conditions | 2-8°C |
| Physical state | Liquid |
| pKa (acidity coefficient) | 4.63(at 25℃) |
| Color | APHA: ≤250 |
| Specific gravity | 1.021 |
| PH Range | 8.1 |
| Relative polarity | 0.42 |
| Explosive limits | 1.2-11%(V) |
| Evaporation Rate | <1 |
| Thermal conductivity | 0.173 W/(m·K) at 25 ℃ |
| Specific heat capacity | Cp(liquid): 2.06 J/(g·K)Cp(gas): 1.16 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,659 |
| BRN | 605631 |
| Henry's law constant | 1.91 at 25 °C (thermodynamic method-GC/UV spectrophotometry, Altschuh et al., 1999) |
| Dielectric constant | 7.8(0℃) |
| Exposure limits | ACGIH TLV-TWA:2 ppm (7.6 mg/m3)OSHA PEL-TWA:5 ppm (19 mg/m³)NIOSH REL-TWA:5 ppm (～19 mg/m3)IDLH:100 ppm |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases, acids, iron and iron salts, zinc, aluminium. Light sensitive. Combustible. |
| Major applications | environmental |
| InChI | 1S/C6H7N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,7H2 |
| InChIKey | PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | Nc1ccccc1 |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | 0.900 |
| Surface tension | 47.9mN/m at 298.15K |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 62-53-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| FDA 21 CFR | 177.2410177.2600 |
| Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances | ANILINE |
| EWG's Food Scores | 5-9 |
| FDA UNII | SIR7XX2F1K |
| Proposition 65 List | Aniline |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Aniline(62-53-3) |
| IARC | 2A (Vol. 27, Sup 7, 127) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Aniline (62-53-3) |
| UNSPSC Code | 41116107 |
| NACRES | NA.24 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS05,GHS06,GHS08,GHS09 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H301+H311+H331-H318-H361-H370-H372-H317-H341-H350-H400-H411-H227 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P273-P272-P270-P202-P260-P210-P201-P271-P264-P280-P370+P378-P391-P308+P311-P361+P364-P333+P313-P301+P310+P330-P302+P352+P312-P304+P340+P311-P305+P351+P338+P310-P403+P233-P403+P235-P405 |
| Target organs | Blood |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter |
| Hazard symbols | T,N,F |
| Risk statements (R) | 23/24/25-40-41-43-48/23/24/25-50-68-48/20/21/22-39/23/24/25-11 |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-27-36/37/39-45-46-61-63-36/37-16 |
| Occupational exposure limit (OEL) | TWA: None ppm |
| UN transport number | UN 1547 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 2 |
| RTECS number | BW6650000 |
| F | 8-9 |
| Autoignition temperature | 615 °C |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Customs code | 2921 41 00 |
| Hazard class | 6.1Acute Tox. 3 DermalAcute Tox. 3 InhalationAcute Tox. 3 OralAquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Carc. 2Eye Dam. 1Muta. 2Skin Sens. 1STOT RE 1 |
| Packing group | II |
| Storage class | 6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2very toxic hazardous materials |
| Hazardous substances data | 62-53-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 0.44 g/kg (Jacobson) |
| Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration | 100 ppm |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Limited quantities | 100ml (liquid) or 0.5 Kg (solid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (1g or 1ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml) |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | DangerH301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]H372 **: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1662) of reports. |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: BenzenamineHazard Traits - CarcinogenicityImmunotoxicityRespiratory ToxicityAuthoritative List - CA TACsIARC Carcinogens - 2AIRIS Carcinogens - B2Prop 65Report - regardless of intended function of ingredient in the productCommission Regulation No 844/2012Benzenamine is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Benzenamine are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 13-10-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15333Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 23-03-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23054Benzenamine: HSNO Approval: HSR000976 Approved with controls |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - Benzenamine: Environment tier II assessmentIMAP assessments - Benzenamine: Human health tier II assessmentEvaluation - Aniline and its salts |
| DOT label | Poison |
| Fire hazards | Combustion can produce toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. Aniline vapor forms explosive mixtures with air. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong acids and a number of other materials. Avoid heating. Hazardous polymerization may occur. Polymerizes to a resinous mass. (EPA, 1998)· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.· When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.· Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.· Containers may explode when heated.· Runoff may pollute waterways.· Substance may be transported in a molten form.Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 76 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. |
| Fire potential | A combustible liquid when exposed to heat or flame.Ignites on contact with sodium peroxide + water. |
| Health hazards | It is classified as very toxic. Probable oral lethal dose in humans is 50-500 mg/kg for a 150 lb. person. Aniline poisoning is characterized by methemoglobin formation in the blood and resulting cyanosis or blue skin. The formation of methemoglobin interferes with the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. The approximate minimum lethal dose for a 150 lb. human is 10 grams. Serious poisoning may result from ingestion of 0.25 mL. People at special risk include individuals with glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency and those with liver and kidney disorders, blood diseases, or a history of alcoholism. (EPA, 1998)· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.· Methyl bromoacetate (UN2643) is an eye irritant/lachrymator (causes flow of tears).· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.· Avoid any skin contact.· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination. |
| Hazards summary | Aniline is a clear to slightly yellow liquid with a characteristic odor. It does not readily evaporate at room temperature. Aniline is slightly soluble in water and mixes readily with most organic solvents. Aniline is used to make a wide variety of products such as polyurethane foam, agricultural chemicals, synthetic dyes, antioxidants, stabilizers for the rubber industry, herbicides, varnishes and explosivesExposure to aniline may occur from breathing contaminated outdoor air, smoking tobacco, or working or being near industries where it is produced or used. The acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) effects of aniline in humans consist mainly of effects on the lung, such as upper respiratory tract irritation and congestion. Chronic exposure may also result in effects on the blood. Human cancer data are insufficient to conclude that aniline is a cause of bladder tumors while animal studies indicate that aniline causes tumors of the spleen. EPA has classified aniline as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.Skin contamination is the most common route of occupational exposure. Proper plant design and strict industrial hygiene are necessary to prevent spills and clothing contamination. [ILO Encyclo, Aromatic Amino Compounds] Listed in a table of Industrial Chemicals for Which Methemoglobin Formation is the Principal Cause of Toxicity[ACGIH] A severe eye irritantMild symptoms of methemoglobinemia have been reported after several hours exposure to 7-53 ppm. [CHEMINFO] See 2021 (Volume 127) monograph at IARC.The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of aniline stem from its toxicologic properties and flammability. Exposure to this colorless-to-brown oily liquid may occur from its use as a solvent and as a chemical intermediate. Toxic by all routes (ie, ingestion, inhalation, skin contact), aniline can exert effects including contact burns to the skin and eyes, cyanosis, headache, nausea, cardiac arrhythmias, shock, and death. The ACGIH recommends a workplace limit (TLV) of 2 ppm as an 8-hr time-weighted average (TWA) with a note to prevent skin contact. Compliance with the TLV should be accomplished by conducting aniline reactions in closed vessels and by employing general and local exhaust ventilation, as necessary. The aromatic amine-like odor of aniline may warn of its presence at a sub-TLV level of 1 ppmhowever, to assure against exposure, it is recommended that workers involved with aniline (including firefighters) wear a full facepiece, self-contained breathing apparatus, and wear full protective clothing (including rubber gloves and boots). Further precautions include provision of eyewash stations and safety showers, prohibition of eating and smoking in aniline work areas, and the prompt removal of aniline-soaked clothing. While aniline must be heated before ignition will occur (autoignition temp: 615 °C), its vapor can be ignited explosively in a wide range of concentrations (explosive limits: 1.3% to 25%) by sparks or flames (flash point: 70 °C, closed cup). For fires involving aniline, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, water spray, fog, or foam. From a distance, use water spray to knock down vapor and cool containers. Dike fire control water to prevent pollution and explosion hazards in sewers. Aniline should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventillated location, away from sources of ignition, strong oxidizers, and activities which could cause physical damage to aniline containers. While aniline is shipped in a variety of containers including glas |
| DOT ID and guide | 1547 153 |
| Reactive group | Amines, Aromatic |
| EC classification | Symbol: T, NR: 23/24/25-40-41-43-48/23/24/25-68-50S: (1/2)-26-27-36/37/39-45-46-63-61 |
| UN classification | UN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Pack Group: II |
| Special Reports | Riggin RM et alAnalytical Procedures for Aniline and Selected Derivatives in Wastewater and Sludge (1984) EPA-600/54-84-009USEPAChemical Hazard Information Profile: Aniline (Draft) (1978)Santodonato JGovt Reports Announcements & Index (7): 28 (1986) NTIS/PD86-17295. The report presents a summary and evaluation of information relevant to an occupational hazard assessment of the chemical.Ishidate M et alMutat Res 195 (2): 151-213 (1988). A literature review was conducted using original papers published during 1964-1985 on the in vitro clastogenicity of chemical substances. |
| Fire fighting | Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal and do not scatter material. If a leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray to control vapors. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus with a full face piece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode and special protective clothing.Use water spray, dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool. (EPA, 1998)Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.Administration of oxygen may be needed. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer immediately for medical attention.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Administration of oxygen may be needed. Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Rest. Refer immediately for medical attention. |
| Accidental release measures | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep unauthorized personnel away.· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. |
| First aid | Signs and Symptoms of Acute Aniline Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to aniline may be severe and include dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory paralysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiovascular collapse. Victims may experience headache, irritability, disorientation, lethargy, weakness, incoordination, dizziness, and drowsiness. Delerium, shock, convulsions, and coma may also be observed. Gastrointestinal effects include dryness of throat, nausea, and vomiting. Painful urination, oliguria (scanty urination), and hematuria (bloody urine) may occur. Aniline may irritate the skin, eyes, and mucous membranescyanosis (blue tint to skin and mucous membranes) is a common finding.Note: Victims at special risk include individuals with glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency, those with liver and kidney disorders, blood diseases, or a history of alcoholism.Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to aniline may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.Inhalation Exposure:1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to aniline.2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.4. RUSH to a health care facility.Dermal/Eye Exposure:1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to aniline.3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.5. Wash exposed skin areas twice with soap and water.6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.7. RUSH to a health care facility.Ingestion Exposure:1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of aniline is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to StepGeneral First Aid:· Call 911 or emergency medical service.· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.· If victim is not breathing:-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitationthe victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.· Keep victim calm and warm.· Keep victim under observation.· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.Specific First Aid:· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.(General first aid procedures)Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.Breathing: Respiratory supportSwallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. |
| Safe storage | Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| Firefighting Hazards | Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. |
| Exposure control and personal protection | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Total p-aminophenol in urine = 50 mg/Lsample at end of shift(See notations in ACGIH TLVs and BEIs.)2.0 [ppm] |
| Fire fighting procedures | Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Use water spray to cool unopened containers.To fight fire, use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Aniline (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Storage conditions | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location away from fire hazards and reactive materials.Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.Aniline is slightly corrosive to some types of metal. So all amphoteric materials such as aluminum, copper, tin, zinc, and alloys containing one of these metals (brass, bronze) are not suitable for the handling of aniline, as they are corroded by it. For normal applications carbon steel or cast iron are appropriate materials for the aniline handling or storage. Only if discoloration must be kept to minimum, aniline should be stored and transported in stainless steel equipment with proper nitrogen blanketing.For more Storage Conditions (Complete) data for Aniline (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Cleanup methods | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposalWear breathing apparatus, eye protection, laboratory coat, and butyl rubber gloves. Cover the spill with a 1:1:1 mixture by weight of sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate, clay cat litter (bentonite), and sand. When the aniline has been absorbed, scoop the mixture into a plastic pail and add enough water to dissolve the sodium carbonate. Allow the solids to settle and decant the liquid to another container. Discard the solids with the normal refuse. To the liquidd, slowly (frothing will occur) add 6 M sulfuric acid to pH 2. Stir into the acidified solution sufficient solid potassium permanganate so that the liquid is purple (a drop of the liquid on filter paper will show a purple ring). Allow the mixture to stand at room temperature for 48 hours, and then neutralize with solid sodium carbonate (frothing will occur), or with a 10% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. Add solid sodium bisulfite until the solution is colorless. Decant the clear liquid into the drain and discard any brown solid with normal refuse.Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Stay upwindkeep out of low areas. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Remove all ignition sources: no flares, smoking, or flames in hazard area. Do not touch materialstop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Small spills: take up with vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream uses of potentially contaminated waters. ...Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Aniline (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024) |
| Disposal methods | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U012, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this materialContaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.Dissolve the aniline (1 mL) in 50 mL of 3 M sulfuric acid (prepared by slowly adding 8 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid to 21 mL of water). Weigh 10 g of potassium permanganate and stir small portions of the solid into the aniline solution over a period of about 1 hour. Stir the mixture at room temperature for 48 hours, and then neutralize the solution by adding solid sodium carbonate or a 10% solution of sodium hydroxide. Add solid sodium bisulfite until solution is colorless. Decant the clear liquid into the drain and discard any brown solid with regular refuse.For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Aniline (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Body burden | Mean hemoglobin adduct levels of aromatic amines in 12 smokers blood samples were aniline 4.4, o-toluidine 0.10, m-toludine 0.49, p-toluidine 0.13, 22-aminoaphtalene 0.015, and 4-aminobiphenyl 0.17 ng/g. Mean levels of these compound in nonsmokers were 3.8, 0.034, 0.68, 0.070, 0.006, and 0.025 ng/g, respectively. |
| Cancer Sites | Immune[bladder cancer] |
| Interactions | Present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of protocatechuic acid alone and in combination with ascorbic acid in aniline hydrochloride induced spleen toxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats of either sex (200-250 g) were used and divided into different groups. Spleen toxicity was induced by aniline hydrochloride (100 ppm) in drinking water for a period of 28 days. Treatment group received protocatechuic acid (40 mg/kg/day, p.o.), ascorbic acid (40 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and combination of protocatechuic acid (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and ascorbic acid (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) followed by aniline hydrochloride. At the end of treatment period serum and tissue parameters were evaluated. Rats supplemented with aniline hydrochloride showed a significant alteration in body weight, spleen weight, feed consumption, water intake, hematological parameters (hemoglobin content, red blood cells, white blood cells, and total iron content), tissue parameters (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and nitric oxide content), and membrane bound phosphatase (ATPase) compared to control group. Histopathology of aniline hydrochloride induced spleen showed significant damage compared to control rats. Treatment with protocatechuic acid along with ascorbic acid showed better protection as compared to protocatechuic acid or ascorbic acid alone in aniline hydrochloride induced spleen toxicity. Treatment with protocatechuic acid and ascorbic acid in combination showed significant protection in aniline hydrochloride induced splenic toxicity in rats. /Aniline hydrochloride/Present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of ethanolic extract of Dioscorea alata L. (DA) on hematological and biochemical changes in aniline-induced spleen toxicity in rats. Wistar rats of either sex (200-250 g) were used in the study and each group contains six rats. Splenic toxicity was induced in rats by administration of aniline hydrochloride (AH100 ppm) in drinking water for a period of 30 days. Treatment groups received DA (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, po) along with AH. At the end of treatment period, various serum and tissue parameters were evaluated. Rats administered with AH (100 ppm) in drinking water for 30 days showed a significant alteration in general parameters (organ weight, body weight, water intake, feed consumption, and fecal matter content), hematological parameters (red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and hemoglobin content), and biochemical parameters (total iron content, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO) content) of spleen. Treatment with DA (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, po) for 30 days along with AH showed significant recovery in aniline-induced splenic toxicity. The present result showed that involvement of oxidative and nitrosative stress in aniline-induced splenic toxicity and DA protects the rats from the toxicity, which might be due to its antioxidant property and the presence of different phytochemicals.Aniline and o-toluidine were nonmutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium. However, combination of norharman /SRP: P450 inducer/ (2,9-diazafluorene) with either compound resulted in significant mutagenicity.Diffusion cells were used to investigate the effects of two skin barrier creams (SBC) and one skin care cream (SCC) on percutaneous penetration of neat aniline... . The experiments were carried out with untreated and with skin creams treated human skin. A considerable percutaneous penetration enhancement ... was observed for treated skin compared with untreated skinthe highest enhancement (mean factors 6.2-12.3) was found for SBC (based on oil in water emulsion) treated skin. The lowest penetration enhancement showed SCC treated skin (mean factors 4.2-9.7). The in vitro data support /previous/ findings in workers that the percutaneous absorption of aromatic amines significantly increases in presence of skin creams. The efficacy of skin creams to protect the percutaneous penetration of aromatic amines is not confirmed...For more Interactions (Complete) data for Aniline (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Target organs | HematologicBlood, cardiovascular system, eyes, liver, kidneys, respiratory system |
| Ecotoxicity values | LC50Species: Ambystoma mexicanum (Mexican axolotl) 3-4 weeks after hatchingConcentration: 440 mg/L for 48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/Species: Xenopus laevis (clawed frog) 3-4 weeks after hatchingConcentration: 560 mg/L for 48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/Species: Carassius auratus (goldfish) 0 exposure days beyond hatchingConditions: hardness 50 mg/L CaCO3Concentration: 10.2 mg/L /Conditions of bioassay not specified/Species: Carassius auratus (goldfish) 4 exposure days beyond hatchingConcentration: 5.6 mg/L /Conditions of bioassay not specified/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Aniline (108 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values in the range of 43.8-497.7 in five European soils(2) and 8-137 in five second-generation European reference soils(3), indicate that aniline is expected to have high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of aniline is 4.60(4), indicating that this compound may partially exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(6,7), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils. Volatilization of aniline from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.02X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(8). Aniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.667 mm Hg at 25 °C(9). An 85% of theoretical BOD(NH3) after 2 weeks using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(10) indicates that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).TERRESTRIAL FATE: The effects of low temperature and accelerated soil solution contact on soil adsorption of labile organic chemicals were investigated in lab experiments. Kinetics of adsorption and degradation were measured for (14)C-labeled aniline, benzoic acid, phenol, and diuron in the soln phase at 3 and 22 °C. In the initial stages of reaction, the adsorption of all 4 chemicals was instantaneous at both temperatures under accelerated soil and solution mixing. A steady state was observed after the onset of equilibrium for the adsorption reaction for all compounds within 10-30 minutes. Its length varied according to the expected order of susceptibility to microbial degradation, ie, diuron > aniline > phenol greater than or equal to benzoate. The steady state period without or in combination with low temperature could be used to obtain adsorption measurements in active microbial systems. Minimal interference from solute transformations in the solution phase would be expected from soil microorganisms.AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values in the range of 43.8-497.7 in five European soils(2) and 8-137 in five second-generation European reference soils(3), indicate that aniline is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces may be expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.02X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(5). A pKa of 4.60(6) indicates aniline may exist partially in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process for the ionized species(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), an experimental BCF of less than 1(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). An 85% of theoretical BOD(NH3) after 2 weeks using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(9) indicates that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). Aniline reached 19.3% degradation after 5 hours of sunlight irradiation(10), suggesting that photolysis may be an important process in sunlit water surfaces(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: The relative importance in estuarine water of photolysis and microbial degradation on aniline and a series of chloroanilines (p-chloroaniline, 2,4-dichloroaniline, and 2,4,5-trichloroaniline) was determined. Photolysis was important for all compounds with photo-transformation half-lives in surface estuarine water ranging from 2 to 125 hr. Photolysis rates were lower in estuarine water relative to distilled water. There was no microbial degradation of chloroanilines during short term incubations (up to 3 days). The half-lives of aniline in estuarine water was 27 and 173 hr in the light and dark (microbial), respectively. Photolysis and microbial degradation rate constants decreased in winter. The winter decrease in photolysis rates correlated to a decrease in surface irradiance while the microbial degradation decrease correlated to the temperature decrease. There was rapid microbial degradation of the chloroanilines and aniline photoproducts. The mineralization of photoproducts of chloroanilines was carried out by bacteria, while microbes larger than 3 um, e.g. algae, were responsible for the bioaccumulation of the compounds.ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), aniline, which has a vapor pressure of 0.667 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase aniline is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.1X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Aniline contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight, since sunlight consists of wavelengths above 290 nm(SRC). |
| Food survey values | In a study published in 1977, aniline was detected in 14 of 16 samples of fresh fruits, vegetables, salad and maize in Germany at concentrations of 0.6-30.9 ppmaniline was detected in preserved vegetables from Germany at concentrations of <0.1 ppm and animal feed at 120 ppm(1). Aniline was identified, not quantified, as a volatile component of black tea(2). Aniline was detected in the volatile component of garlic bulbs at concentrations of 0.005-10.52 ppm(3). |
| Adverse effects | Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the bloodthe compound is classified as primary toxic effect.IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal. |
| Exposure routes | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin also as a vapour and by ingestion.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactToxic by ingestion and a skin and eye irritant. |
| Toxicity summary | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Aniline is an oily liquid, which is colorless when freshly distilled, but darkens in exposure to air and light. It is used in manufacture dyes, pharmaceuticals, resins, varnishes, perfumes, shoe blacks, vulcanizing rubber, and as a solvent. The hydrochloride form is used in the manufacture of intermediates, aniline black and other dyes, in dyeing fabrics or wood black. HUMAN STUDIES: Single oral doses of 25-65 mg/person of aniline caused a dose dependent increase in methemoglobin formation. Doses of 45-65 mg/person also produced a slight increase in serum bilirubin in two subjects. Methemoglobin levels exceeding 70% are potentially lethal if untreated. Acute or delayed (2 to 7 days) hemolytic anemia (caused by destruction of red blood cells) has also results from aniline exposure. Moderate skin irritation and sensitization and dermatitis have been reported. Aniline can cause mild to severe eye irritation, corneal damage, and discoloration. Systemic effects can result from skin contact with aniline vapor or liquid. Acute aniline exposure can cause confusion, ringing in the ears, weakness, disorientation, dizziness, impaired gait, lethargy drowsiness, convulsions, loss of consciousness, and coma. These effects are usually transitory and probably secondary to lack of oxygen. Inhalation of aniline can cause respiratory tract irritation with cough, or difficulty in breathing. Inhaled aniline is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the lungs, leading to systemic toxicity. Acute aniline exposure can cause painful urinationblood, hemoglobin or methemoglobin in the urinedecreased urinary output, and acute kidney failure. Bladder-wall irritation, kidney ulceration, and tissue death can also occur. Cardiac effects of acute aniline exposure, such as irregular heart rhythm, heart block, and acute congestive heart failure, may be caused by decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues. Death can result from progressive acidosis, ischemia and cardiovaAniline induces lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in the spleen and that oxidative stress plays a role in the splenic toxicity of aniline. The hematopoietic system is the primary target of aniline insult in rats which is characterized by methemoglobinemia, hemolysis, and hemolytic anemia and by the development of splenic hyperplasia, siderosis, fibrosis, a variety of sarcomas, and, most commonly, fibrosarcomas on prolonged exposure. Many of the characteristics of splenotoxicity in rats, such as hyperplasia, hyperpigmentation, and/or formation of highly malignant tumors such as fibrosarcomas, are not restricted to aniline exposure, but also occur when animals are exposed to substituted anilines such as chloroaniline. Studies with aniline hydrochloride in rats indicate an association between erythrocyte damage and the severity of the splenotoxicity. Since one of the major functions of the spleen is to remove damaged erythrocytes, aniline-damaged erythrocytes would be expected to be scavenged by the spleen, especially by phagocytes. The deposition and subsequent breakdown of damaged erythrocytes will not only release aniline and/or its metabolites, but, most importantly, will also result in accumulation of iron in the spleen which may catalyze the generation of tissue-damaging oxygen radicals which can subsequently cause oxidation of biomolecules and result in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. It is also possible that during the scavenging of damaged erythrocytes, the splenic phagocytes, especially macrophages themselves, can become activated and release reactive oxygen species (ROS) which could further contribute to the oxidation of biomolecules leading to tissue injury. (A15460) |
| Ecotoxicity excerpts | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ Environmental risk assessments show increased attention to the sublethal effects of chemicals on aquatic organisms. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) established the "Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-fry Stages" (OECD test 212) to predict lethal effects. It is still unclear, however, whether this test can predict sublethal effects. Although their sublethal effects are still unknown, chlorinated anilines are widely used in various fields. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to investigate sublethal effects of chlorinated anilines using OECD test 212 with zebrafish, and to examine the correlation of several sublethal effects between embryo and larval stages. Embryos were exposed to aniline and nine chlorinated anilines until 8 days post-fertilization. A delayed lethal effect was observed from three of the 10 anilines tested. In the control group, the swim bladder inflated after hatching, but there was no swim-bladder inflation after exposure to the chlorinated anilines. Fertilized eggs exposed to lower concentrations of test chemicals showed effects during embryogenesis that did not affect mortality rates, such as changes in body curvature and edema. ...Results show that chlorinated anilines induce not only lethal effects but also a variety of sublethal effects. Moreover, a detailed estimate of these effects requires study during both embryonic and larval stages. /chlorinated anilines//AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute and chronic toxicities of aniline to tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), cladoceran crusatcea (Moina micrura) and oligochaete worm (Branchiura sowerbyi) /were determined/ using static bioassay tests. The 96 hr LC50 values of aniline for O. mossambicus, M. micrura and B. sowerbyi were 69.4, 0.6 and 586 mg/L, respectively. Tilapia responded to even low concentrations of aniline: the fish lost appetite at aniline concentrations as low as 0.02 mg/L. A 90 day outdoor bioassay with tilapia showed that 0.02 mg/L aniline reduced fish yield, specific growth rate and food conversion efficiency. Reproductive functions of fish were affected by aniline at a concentration of 0.5 mg/L and above. Dissolved oxygen, primary productivity and plankton population of the test medium also were significantly reduced at 2.65 and 6.94 mg/L aniline./AQUATIC SPECIES/ This test series developed methods for testing a complement of aquatic organisms in a single test that satisifies the freshwater acute toxicity requirements for setting water quality criteria. Species tested included fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), daphnid (Daphnia magna), midge (Tanytarsus dissimilis), crayfish (Orconectes immunis), snail (Aplexa hypnorum), tadpole (Xenopus laevis), and leech (Nephelopsis obscuro). Five to 9 of the preceding species were simultaneously exposed in individual tests. ... Aniline was the least toxic to most species, although it is very toxic to Daphnia./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Generic mixed flask microcosms were used to evaluate ecosystem reponses to aniline and 3 closely related compounds (2,6-diiospropylaniline, 4-hexyloxyaniline, and 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroaniline). Toxicity was detected on both an acute and chronic basis using changes in ecosystem level variables (pH and dissolved oxygen levels) as indicators of effect. These calculated toxicity values were then compared with reported toxicity data on bacteria, algae, protozoa, and Cladocera to evaluate the relative sensitivity of the method. The relative toxicities of the tested compound were the same in microcosm tests as in the available single species tests, but the range between the most and least toxic as detected by the microcosm test was smaller by an order of magnitude. Aniline was the least toxic. The minimum effect concentration detected for these compounds were generally lower than reported literature values.For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Aniline (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Plant Concentrations | Aniline is a constituent of various plant parts of a variety of plant species(1).[Table#63] |
| RCRA requirements | U012As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when aniline, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). |
| TSCA requirements | Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Aniline is included on this list. Effective date 10/04/82Sunset date: 10/04/92. |
| Atmospheric standards | Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Aniline is included on this list.This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Aniline is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. |
| CERCLA reportable quantities | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Aniline is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 1000 lbs. |
| Clean Water Act requirements | Aniline is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. |
| F | 8-9 |
| Occupational exposure limit (OEL) | TWA: None ppm |
| Personal protective equipment (PPE) | Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 2 |
| Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration | 100 ppm |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | BW6650000 |
| UN transport number | UN 1547 |
| Customs code | 2921 41 00 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 0.44 g/kg (Jacobson) |
| Risk statements (R) | 23/24/25-40-41-43-48/23/24/25-50-68-48/20/21/22-39/23/24/25-11 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS05,GHS06,GHS08,GHS09 |
| Hazard symbols | T,N,F |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-27-36/37/39-45-46-61-63-36/37-16 |
| Hazard class | 6.1Acute Tox. 3 DermalAcute Tox. 3 InhalationAcute Tox. 3 OralAquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Carc. 2Eye Dam. 1Muta. 2Skin Sens. 1STOT RE 1 |
| Storage class | 6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2very toxic hazardous materials |
| Packing group | II |
| GHS hazard statements | H301+H311+H331-H318-H361-H370-H372-H317-H341-H350-H400-H411-H227 |
| Limited quantities | 100ml (liquid) or 0.5 Kg (solid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (1g or 1ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Autoignition temperature | 615 °C |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P273-P272-P270-P202-P260-P210-P201-P271-P264-P280-P370+P378-P391-P308+P311-P361+P364-P333+P313-P301+P310+P330-P302+P352+P312-P304+P340+P311-P305+P351+P338+P310-P403+P233-P403+P235-P405 |
| Hazardous substances data | 62-53-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Description
Aniline is the simplest primary aromatic amine and a compound formed by the substitution of a hydrogen atom in the benzene molecule with an amino group. It is colorless oil like flammable liquid with strong odor. When heated to 370 C, it is slightly soluble in water and soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform and other organic solvents. It becomes brown in the air or under the sun. It can be distilled by steam. A small amount of zinc powder is added to prevent oxidation when it is distilled. The purified aniline can be added 10 ~ 15ppm NaBH4 to prevent oxidation deterioration. The solution of aniline is alkaline.It is easy to produce salt when it reacts with acid. The hydrogen atoms on its amino groups can be substituted by alkyl or acyl groups to produce second or third grade aniline and acyl aniline. When substitution reaction occurs, the products of ortho and para substituted products are mainly produced. It reacts with nitrite to form diazonium salts, which can be used to produce a series of benzene derivatives and azo compounds.
Uses
Aniline is an important industrial chemical for many decades. Currently, it is most widely used for the manufacture of polyurethanes and rubber, with lesser amounts consumed in the production of pesticides (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, animal repellants), defoliants, dyes, antioxidants, antidegradants, and vulcanization accelerators. It is also an ingredient of some household products, such as polishes (stove and shoe), paints, varnishes, and marking inks.
Description
First produced in 1826 by Otto Unverdorben through destructive distillation of indigo, the first industrial use was as a purple dye, Mauveine, formulated by William Henry Perkin accidentally in an attempt to isolate quinone. The name aniline was given in deference to the indigoyielding plant, Indigofera suffruticosa, commonly named anil.
Uses
A thin, colorless oil prepared by reducing benzene with iron filings in the presence of hydrochloric or acetic acid and then separating the aniline formed by distillation. It is slightly soluble in water but dissolves easily in alcohol, ether, and benzene. Aniline is the base for many dyes used to increase the sensitivity of emulsions.
Uses
Rubber accelerators and antioxidants, dyes and intermediates, photographic chemicals (hydro- quinone), isocyanates for urethane foams, pharma- ceuticals, explosives, petroleum refining, dipheny- lamine, phenolics, herbicides, fungicides.
Uses
Aniline is used in the manufacture of dyes,pharmaceuticals, varnishes, resins, photo graphic chemicals, perfumes, shoe blacks,herbicides, and fungicides. It is also usedin vulcanizing rubber and as a solvent. Itoccurs in coal tar and is produced from thedry distillation of indigo. It is also producedfrom the biodegradation of many pesticides.Aniline is a metabolite of many toxic com pounds, such as nitrobenzene, phenacetin,and phenylhydroxylamine.
General Description
A yellowish to brownish oily liquid with a musty fishy odor. Melting point -6°C; boiling point 184°C; flash point 158°F. Denser than water (8.5 lb / gal) and slightly soluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic by skin absorption and inhalation. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used to manufacture other chemicals, especially dyes, photographic chemicals, agricultural chemicals and others.