HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Propane
Lpg · C3H8 · Propan · r290 · PROPANE, NATURAL · AD2 · Popane · n-Propane
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 74-98-6 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C3H8 |
| Average molar mass | 44.1 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 44.06260026 g/mol |
| SMILES | CCC |
| InChIKey | ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 6334 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL135416 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:32879 |
| EC No. | 200-827-9 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID5026386 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| XLogP | 1.8 |
|---|---|
| Topological polar surface area | 0 |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 0 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 0 |
| Rotatable bonds | 0 |
| Heavy atoms | 3 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 0 |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | log Kow = 2.36 |
| Odor | Odorless [Note: A foul smelling odorant is often added when used for fuel purposes]. |
| Density | 0.59 at -58 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than waterwill float0.493 at 25 °CRelative density (water = 1): 0.50.493 @25 °C1.55(relative gas density)0.564 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.) |
| Viscosity | 8.3 uPa.s at 300K10.9 uPa.s at 400K13.4 uPa.s at 500K15.8 uPa.s at 600K |
| Color/Form | Colorless gas [Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas]. |
| Solubility | 0.01 % (NIOSH, 2024)Slightly soluble in acetonesoluble in ethanolvery soluble in ethyl ether, benzene, chloroform100 vol water dissolve 6.5 vol at 17.8 °C, 753 mm Hg100 vol absolute alcohol dissolve 790 vol at 16.6 °C, 754 mm Hg100 vol ether dissolve 926 vol at 16.6 °C, 757 mm Hg100 vol chloroform dissolve 1299 vol at 21.6 °C, 757 mm Hg100 vol benzene dissolve 1452 vol at 21.5 °C, 757 mm Hg100 vol turpentine dissolve 1587 vol at 17.7 °C, 757 mm HgIn water, 62.4 ppm at 25 °C0.0624 mg/mL at 25 °CSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.00762.61mg/L(25 ºC) |
| Corrosivity | Non-corrosive |
| Flash point | -156 °F (gas) (USCG, 1999)-156 °F (Closed cup)-104 °CNA (Gas) |
| Boiling point | -43.8 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)-42.1 °C at 1 atm-42 °C-44 °F-42.1 °C @760 [mm Hg]-42.1 °C(lit.) |
| Decomposition | At 650 °C decomposes to ethylene and ethane |
| Melting point | -305.9 °F (USCG, 1999)-187.6 °C-189.9 °C-189.7 °C-306 °F-187.63 °C-188 °C(lit.) |
| Vapor density | 1.5 (USCG, 1999) - Heavier than airwill sink (Relative to Air)1.56 at 0 °C (Air= 1)Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.61.551.5 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 190 psi ( 37.7 °C) |
| Refractive index | 1.2861 |
| Storage conditions | -20°C |
| Physical state | liquid |
| pKa (acidity coefficient) | ≈ 44 (Gordon and Ford, 1972) |
| Flame Color | Blue(complete combustion)Yellow or orange(incomplete combustion) |
| Biological source | rabbit |
| Odor threshold | 1500ppm |
| Explosive limits | 9.5% |
| Thermal conductivity | 0.13 W/(m·K) |
| Specific heat capacity | Cp(gas): 1.67 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 13,7891 |
| BRN | 1730718 |
| Henry's law constant | 0.706 at 25 °C (Hine and Mookerjee, 1975) |
| Dielectric constant | 1.6(Ambient) |
| Exposure limits | OSHA PEL-TWA:1000 ppm (1800 mg/m³)NIOSH REL-TWA:1000 ppm |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Highly flammable. May form explosive mixtures with air. |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | PROPELLANT |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | 2.360 |
| Surface tension | 7.7mN/m at 293.15K |
| Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) | PROPANE |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 74-98-6(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| FDA UNII | T75W9911L6 |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Propane (74-98-6) |
| Cosmetics Info | Propane |
| UNSPSC Code | 12352203 |
| NACRES | NA.41 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS02,GHS04 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H220 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P210-P377-P381-P410+P403-P403 |
| Hazard symbols | F+ |
| Risk statements (R) | 12 |
| Safety statements (S) | 9-16 |
| UN transport number | UN 1978 |
| Occupational exposure band (OEB) | A |
| Occupational exposure limit (OEL) | TWA: 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3) |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | - |
| RTECS number | TX2275000 |
| F | 4.5-31 |
| Autoignition temperature | 842 °F |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| DOT Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| Hazard class | 2.1 |
| Storage class | 10 - Combustible liquids |
| Hazardous substances data | 74-98-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration | 2,100 ppm [10% LEL] |
| REACH registrations | Active |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | DangerH220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]P203, P210, P222, P280, P377, P381, and P403 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: PropanePropane is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Propane are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 20-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15445Propane: HSNO Approval: HSR001010 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - Propane: Human health tier I assessment |
| DOT label | Flammable Gas |
| Fire hazards | Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode. Vapor is heavier than air and may travel a long distance to a source of ignition and flash back. (USCG, 1999)· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.· Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.· Will form explosive mixtures with air.· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966), Methane (UN1971) and Hydrogen and Methane mixture, compressed (UN2034) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen and Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices.· Containers may explode when heated.· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.CAUTION: When LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972) is released on or near water, product may vaporize explosively.Extremely flammable. Gas/air mixtures are explosive. |
| Fire potential | Highly dangerous when exposed to heat, flame ... . |
| Health hazards | Vaporizing liquid may cause frostbite. Concentrations in air greater than 10% cause dizziness in a few minutes. 1% concentrations give the same effect in 10 min. High concentrations cause asphyxiation. (USCG, 1999)· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.· Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations.· Contact with gas, liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.· Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. |
| Hazards summary | Propane is a simple asphyxiant. [LaDou, p. 558] Possible frostbite from contact with liquid[NIOSH] Critical Effects for aliphatic hydrocarbon gases are CNS depressioncardiac sensitization[ACGIH] Propane is in the list of Some volatile substances which may be abused by inhalation published on the web site of the U.N. International Drug Control Programme, indicating its potential to cause narcosis in workers. [Reference #1] Evaporating liquid can cause frostbiteInhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression and cardiac arrhythmias[ICSC] |
| DOT ID and guide | 1075 1151978 115 |
| FDA requirements | Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).Propane used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice. |
| Reactive group | Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated |
| EC classification | Symbol: F+R: 12S: (2)-9-16 |
| UN classification | UN Hazard Class: 2.1 |
| Fire fighting | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED. CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966) and Hydrogen and Methane mixture, compressed (UN2034) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.LARGE FIRE: Water spray or fog. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972) pool fires, DO NOT USE water. Use dry chemical or high-expansion foam.FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devicesicing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzlesif this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)Shut off supplyif not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out. In other cases extinguish with powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position. |
| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. |
| Accidental release measures | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep unauthorized personnel away.· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972), DO NOT apply water, regular or alcohol-resistant foam directly on spill. Use a high-expansion foam if available to reduce vapors.· Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas.· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning. |
| First aid | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Propane:Eye: FROSTBITE - If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediatelyif tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible.Skin: FROSTBITE - If frostbite has occurred, seek medical attention immediatelydo NOT rub the affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT occurred, immediately and thoroughly wash contaminated skin with soap and water.Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. (NIOSH, 2024)General First Aid:· Call 911 or emergency medical service.· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.· If victim is not breathing:-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitationthe victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.· Keep victim calm and warm.· Keep victim under observation.· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.Specific First Aid:· Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.(General first aid procedures)Skin: Frostbite - Compressed gases may create low temperatures when they expand rapidly. Leaks and uses that allow rapid expansion may cause a frostbite hazard. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent the skin from becoming frozen.Breathing: Respiratory support |
| Safe storage | Fireproof. Cool. |
| Firefighting Hazards | Behavior in fire: Containers may explodevapor is heavier than air & may travel a long distance to a source of ignition & flash back.The gas is heavier than air and may travel along the grounddistant ignition possible, and may accumulate in low ceiling spaces causing deficiency of oxygen. As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated ... On loss of containment this liquid evaporates very quickly displacing the air and causing a serious risk of suffocation when in confined areas. |
| Exposure control and personal protection | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.· Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.1000.0 [ppm] |
| Fire fighting procedures | Stop flow of gas. For small fires use dry chemicals. Cool adjacent areas with water spray.If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame consider evacuation of one half mile radius.Shut off supplyif not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself outin other cases extinguish with powder, carbon dioxide ... |
| Storage conditions | COMPRESSED GASES MAY BE STORED IN THE OPEN ONLY IF THEY ARE ADEQUATELY PROTECTED FROM THE WEATHER & DIRECT SUNLIGHT. STORAGE AREAS SHOULD BE LOCATED AT A SAFE DISTANCE FROM OCCUPIED PREMISES & NEIGHBORING DWELLINGS. /GASES & AIR, COMPRESSED/Storage temp: ambientventing: safety reliefStore cylinder outdoors without direct sunlight or heat radiation and with adequate ventilation. Provide electrical equipment with spark resistant construction.Four main types of storage are used: high pressure storage aboveground, low pressure refrigerated storage aboveground, frozen earth storage, and underground cavern storage. 1) Aboveground pressure storage tanks are usually designed for a 1720 kPa (250 psi) working pressure ... 2) Refrigerated, aboveground storage tanks usually are designed for a few kPa (psi) of pressure. They must be coupled with refrigeration systems to cool the product ... to a temp equal to the product's boiling point @ the operating pressure of the tanks. Vapors are generally recondensed by refrigeration and returned to the tanks. 3) In frozen earth storage of propane, the walls and bottom of a pit in the ground are frozen and a dome is constructed over the pit. The pressure in the storage cavern is maintained @ nearly atmospheric pressure by refrigeration systems that cool the product to its boiling point @ storage pressure. Heat leaks into the cavity and vaporizes some of the propanethe vapor that is formed is compressed, cooled, and returned to the pit as liquid by the refrigeration system. ... 4) Underground storage caverns, which operate @ approx formation temp and @ the corresponding /liquified petrolem gas (LPG)/ vapor pressure ... must be of sufficient depth to develop an overburden pressure greater than the vapor pressure of the stored liquid. Mined storage caverns are about 60-152 m deep, whereas salt formation caverns may be from 106-1524 m deep ...Fireproof. Cool. |
| Cleanup methods | Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Remove all ignition sources. Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. (Extra personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus.) ... Check oxygen content before entering area. Turn leaking cylinder with the leak up to prevent escape of gas in liquid state.1) Remove all ignition sources. 2) Ventilate area of leak. 3) Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is a cylinder & the leak cannot be stopped in place, remove the leaking cylinder to a safe place in the open air, & repair the leak or allow the cylinder to empty. |
| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972), DO NOT apply water, regular or alcohol-resistant foam directly on spill. Use a high-expansion foam if available to reduce vapors. Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning. (ERG, 2024) |
| Disposal methods | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Propane may be disposed of by burning at a safe location or in a suitable combustion chamber. |
| Body burden | Propane was detected in 1 of 12 samples of mothers breast milk from the cities of Bayonne NJ, Jersey City NJ, Bridgeville PA and Baton Rouge LA(1). |
| Interactions | Propane, when used as an aerosol propellant with isobutane in deodorant and antiperspirant products (65 to 70% by wt), has not been shown to cause skin irritation in 125 human volunteers who applied the aerosol products twice daily for 12 wk.When dogs were exposed to 15-90% propane concn for 10 min, the heart was more sensitive to ventricular fibrillations induced by epinephrine than without propane treament. |
| Target organs | central nervous system |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 460(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.36(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that propane is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of propane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.07X10-1 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 7150 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 62.4 mg/L(5). Propane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Using cell suspensions of microogranisms isolated from soil and water, propane was oxidized to acetone within 24 hours(6,7), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important fate process in soil and sediment.AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 460(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.36(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that propane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.07X10-1 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 7150 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 62.4 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 41 minutes and 2.6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 13.1(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). After 192 hr, the trace concn of propane contained in gasoline remained unchanged for both a sterile control and a mixed culture sample collected from ground water contaminated with gasoline(8). This indicates that biodegradation may not be an important fate process in water.ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propane, which has a vapor pressure of 7150 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase propane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.15X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Propane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4). |
| Food survey values | Propane was detected in emissions during hamburger meat charbroiling at a concentration of 190,000 ug/kg(1). |
| Adverse effects | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndromeOther Poison - Simple Asphyxiant |
| Exposure routes | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid) |
| Milk Concentrations | ENVIRONMENTAL: Propane was detected in 1 of 12 samples of mothers breast milk from the cities of Bayonne NJ, Jersey City NJ, Bridgeville, PA and Baton Rouge, LA(1). |
| Toxicity summary | Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org |
| Signs and Symptoms | Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.dizziness, confusion, excitation, asphyxialiquid: frostbite |
| Effluent Concentrations | In gasoline: 0.07-0.08 vol %in flue gas of municipal incinerator: < 0.4-0.5 ppmFlue gases from a waste incinerator at Babylon, Long Island, NY was found to emit propane at concn generally less than 0.5 ppm(1). Propane is a product of gasoline(2-5), natural gas(5) and polyethylene(6) combustion. The average exhaust from 67 gasoline fueled vehicles was found to contain propane at a concn 0.1% by weight(3). The average concn of propane for the exhaust of 46 automobiles was 2.6, 1.6 and 2.2 weight % of total hydrocarbon according to the federal test procedure, hot soak test and the New York City cycle, respectively(4). Propane from car exhaust ranged in concn from 0.02 to 0.05 ppmV with an average for 8 samples of 0.03 ppmV(5). A Texaco refinery located in Tulsa, OK was attributed with emissions to the surrounding atmosphere where the propane concn was measured to be 95.5 and 189.8 ppbC for two min before and after 1:33 PM(6). The propane content of the air downwind of a Mobil natural gas facility in Rio Blanco, CO was 465.3 ppbC(7). Underwater hydrocarbon vent discharges from offshore oil production platforms contained propane at a concentration in the vapor phase at 2,000 umol/L of gas(8).Gas-phase propane was detected in a Los Angeles tunnel at a concentration of 47 mg/L(1). Propane was detected in a tunnel at a concentration of 26 ug/cu m(2) which was about 4 times greater than the background propane levels of 5.8 ug/cu m(2). Propane was found in the Cassiar tunnel in Vancouver, BC, Canada in 1993 and 1995 at mass fractions of 0.81 and 0.047, respectively, as well as Tuscorora, Caldecott and Fort McHenry tunnels at mass fractions of 0.08, 0.07 and 0.03, respectively(3). Propane accounted for 0.88, 0.95 and 1.17% of the emissions on a Raleigh, NC highway, Dyanomenter, and an Atlanta, GA roadway, respectively(4). Gasoline containing propane (100 ug/g) emitted propane from the tail pipes of catalytic and non catalytic engines at rates of 650 and 9,300 ug/km(5). Propane emissions from cars driving in urban, suburban, rural and motorways were observed as 7.8, 3.69, 2.13 and 1.35 mg/km(6). Propane concentration in exhaust had mean concentration of 0.21 ppm(7). Propane was detected with annual means of 1 ug/cu m in London, England background and curbside and annual mean ranging from 4-21 ug/cu m in European cities(7). Propane was detected in gasoline vapors at concentrations ranging from 0.02-2.8 mg/ cu m(8). |
| Medical Surveillance | Consider the points of attack /central nervous system/ in preplacement and periodic physical examinations. |
| FIFRA requirements | Residues of propane are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a propellant in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.Residues of propane are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a propellant in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. |
| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | Propane160000Flammable chemical that can be released at a facility. |
| F | 4.5-31 |
| Occupational exposure band (OEB) | A |
| Occupational exposure limit (OEL) | TWA: 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3) |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | - |
| Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration | 2,100 ppm [10% LEL] |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | TX2275000 |
| UN transport number | UN 1978 |
| Risk statements (R) | 12 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS02,GHS04 |
| Hazard symbols | F+ |
| Safety statements (S) | 9-16 |
| Hazard class | 2.1 |
| Storage class | 10 - Combustible liquids |
| GHS hazard statements | H220 |
| DOT Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Autoignition temperature | 842 °F |
| GHS precautionary statements | P210-P377-P381-P410+P403-P403 |
| Hazardous substances data | 74-98-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Description
Propane is colourless and odourless, with a mercaptan odour. Like all fossil fuels, propane is a non-renewable energy source. Propane is a gas derived from natural gas and petroleum. It is found mixed with natural gas and petroleum deposits. Propane is called a ‘fossil fuel’ because it was formed millions of years ago from the remains of tiny sea animals and plants. Propane is a clean-burning, versatile fuel. It is used by nearly everyone, in homes, on farms, by business, and in industry mostly for producing heat and operating equipment. Propane is one of the many fossil fuels included in the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) family. Because propane is the type of LPG most commonly used in the United States, propane and LPG are often used synonymously. Butane is another LPG often used in lighters.
Description
Propane is a certified reference material standard for propane, a solvent that has been used in the extraction of cannabinoids from Cannabis and has been identified as a contaminant in butane hash oil and Δ9-THC concentrates. It is designed for use as a reference standard for propane by GC- or LC-MS. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.
Uses
Propane has been used as a transportation fuel since its discovery. It was first used as an automobile fuel in 1913. It follows gasoline and diesel as the third most popular vehicle fuel and today powers more than half a million vehicles in the United States and 6 million worldwide. The widespread use of propane is hampered by the lack of a distribution system, but it has been used to fuel fleets of buses, taxis, and government vehicles. Also, it is heavily used to power equipment such as forklifts. Propane is cleaner burning than gasoline or diesel and has been used to reduce urban air pollution. Compared to gasoline it emits 10–40% of the carbon monoxide, 30–60% of the hydrocarbons, and 60–90% of the carbon dioxide. An advantage of cleaner burning propane is that engine maintenance is improved because of lower engine deposits and fouling. Propane’s octane ratings range between 104 and 110. The lower emissions are somewhat compromised by propane’s lower energy value; propane has about 75% of the energy content of gasoline when compared by volume. Propane is separated from natural gas and is also produced during petroleum processing. Approximately 53% of the propane produced in the United States comes from the small fraction (less than 5%) found in natural gas and the remainder comes petroleum refining.
Uses
Propane’s greatest use is not as a fuel but in the petrochemical industry as a feedstock. Asan alkane, it undergoes typical alkane reactions of combustion, halogenation, pyrolysis, andoxidation.
Uses
Propane is used as a fuel gas, as a refrigerant,and in organic synthesis.
General Description
A colorless gas with a faint petroleum-like odor. PROPANE is shipped as a liquefied gas under its vapor pressure. For transportation PROPANE may be stenched. Contact with the unconfined liquid can cause frostbite by evaporative cooling. Easily ignited. The vapors are heavier than air and a flame can flash back to the source of leak very easily. The leak may be either a liquid or vapor leak. The vapors can asphyxiate by the displacement of air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket.