| GHS classification | DangerH301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1004) of reports.H301 (> 99.9%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral] |
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| Hazards Identification | Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH) |
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| Regulatory information | Chemical: Sulfuric acid, dimethyl esterHazard Traits - CarcinogenicityOcular ToxicityRespiratory ToxicitySulfuric acid, dimethyl ester is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 05-02-2015 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/11778Substance: Dimethyl sulphateDimethyl sulphate: HSNO Approval: HSR002977 Approved with controls |
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| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester: Human health tier II assessment |
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| DOT label | Poison Inhalation Hazard Corrosive |
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| Fire hazards | Material is normally stable even under fire exposure conditions and is not hazardously reactive with water. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong ammonia solutions. (EPA, 1998)· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 83 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. |
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| Fire potential | MODERATE, WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT OR FLAME. |
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| Health hazards | Acute: extremely toxic vapors and liquid -- a few whiffs or contact on skin could be fatal. Also acutely toxic if ingested. Delayed effects which are ultimately fatal may also occur. Lethal concentrations as low as 97 ppm/10 min have been reported in humans. DNA inhibition and damage to human somatic cells, and sister chromatid exchange in human fibroblast cells were observed. Delayed appearance of symptoms may permit unnoticed exposure to lethal quantities. (EPA, 1998)· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. |
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| Hazards summary | Exposure to dimethyl sulfate is primarily occupational. Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to the vapors of dimethyl sulfate may cause severe inflammation and necrosis of the eyes, mouth, and respiratory tract. Acute oral or inhalation exposure to dimethyl sulfate primarily damages the lungs but also injures the liver, kidneys, heart, and central nervous system (CNS), while dermal contact with dimethyl sulfate may produce severe blistering in humans. Human data on the carcinogenic effects of dimethyl sulfate are inadequate. Tumors have been observed in the nasal passages, lungs, and thorax of animals exposed to dimethyl sulfate by inhalation. EPA has classified dimethyl sulfate as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.Dimethyl sulfate causes blistering and ulceration of the skin. In cases of industrial poisoning, workers experienced burning eyes first and then respiratory symptoms, including irritation of the nose and throat, chest pain, cough, and dyspnea. Persistent abnormalities in liver function following exposure have been reported. Death is due to circulatory failure. In the presence of water vapor, dimethyl sulfate readily hydrolyzes into methanol and sulfuric acid. [ACGIH] Causes second or third degree burns after short skin exposure[CHRIS] In a textile plant using dimethyl sulfate to produce surfactants, air levels were low but workers in one building had high blood levels secondary to skin absorption. [Schettgen T, Broding HC, Angerer J, Drexler H. Dimethyl sulphatea hidden problem in occupational medicine. Occup Environ Med 200461:73-75] Dimethyl sulfate causes no known injury to the liver in experimental animals or humans. [Zimmerman, p. 368] A corrosive substance that can cause pulmonary edemaCan cause effects on the liver, kidneys, and CNS[ICSC] |
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| DOT ID and guide | 1595 156 |
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| Reactive group | Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters |
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| EC classification | Symbol: T+R: 45-25-26-34-43-68S: 53-45Note: E |
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| UN classification | UN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Subsidiary Risks: 8UN Pack Group: I |
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| Fire fighting | Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Dike fire control water for later disposal. Do not scatter material.Use powder, foam, carbon dioxide, water spray. |
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| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention. |
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| Accidental release measures | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
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| First aid | Warning: Symptoms may be delayed up to 12 hours.General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
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| Safe storage | Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Dry. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
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| Exposure control and personal protection | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016]. |
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| Fire fighting procedures | Water, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical ... .If material on fire or involved in fire: Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.Use dry chemical., foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. |
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| Storage conditions | PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator, or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... . Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from bases, oxidizing materials, water and metal. |
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| Cleanup methods | Spillage should only be dealt with by trained personnel wearing full protective clothing, a full-face mask, and positive-pressure breathing apparatus. Soda ash or 3% ammonia solution may be applied to liquid spills. Sprays of 3% ammonia solution may be used to "knock down" the vapor over spillages. After complete neutralization, spillages may be washed away... If dimethyl sulfate has entered a watercourse ... or contaminated soil or vegetation, advise the police and public authorities.Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space ... because of the possibility of an explosion ... It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filter can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air, ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes, or animal rooms. ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bags without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal. ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately .... The sealed bag should be labelled properly. Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bags, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated. ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/1. Ventilate areas of spill or leak. 2. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for DIMETHYL SULFATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: |
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| Disposal methods | For the treatment and disposal of waste, the recommended methods are alkaline hydrolysis, incineration, and landfill. Do not use open burning (e.g., as a boiler fuel) or evaporation for waste disposal. For incineration, dimethyl sulfate should be dissolved in a combustible solvent and sprayed into a furnace with an afterburner and an alkali scrubber. Dimethyl sulfate may be decomposed by adding a dilute alkaline solutionthe mixture should be stirred and then allowed to settle. The resulting solution is then neutralized by acid or alkali as appropriate and drained into a sewer. When rapid decomposition is needed the waste may be warmed. It may also be adsorbed on vermiculite, packed in drums, buried and covered immediately.It has been reported that dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can be degraded with sodium hydroxide solution (1 mol/L), sodium carbonate solution (1 mol/L), or ammonium hydroxide solution (1.5 mol/L). ... Complete destruction of undiluted dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in solvents miscible with water (methanol, ethanol, DMSO, DMF, acetone) or solvents partially miscible or immiscible with water (toluene, p-xylene, benzene, 1-pentanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, acetonitrile) could be obtained using any of the above methods. Reaction times were 15 min after homogeneity was obtained for undiluted DMS, 15 min for solutions in methanol, ethanol, DMSO, and DMF, one hour for solutions in acetone, three hours for acetonitrile, and one day for the other solvents listed above. The final reaction mixtures were tested for mutagenicity, and when the solutions were not cytotoxic, no mutagenic response was obtained. DMS in solution was determined by a colorimetric method. The products of the reactions were found to be methanol when NaOH and Na2CO3 were used and methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, and methanol when ammonium hydroxide was used. ...Destruction procedures for dimethylsulfate (DMS), diethylsulfate (DES), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) have been investigated using treatment by 1 N NaOH, 1 N NH4OH, 1 M Na2CO3, and 1 M Na2S2O3. During the kinetic study of the destruction process, the determination of remaining concentrations of the alkylating agents was performed by the derivatization of p-nitrophenoxide to p-nitroanisole and p-nitrophenetole, which were separated by high performance liquid chromatography. The mutagenic activity of the destruction products was evaluated by the Ames test using Salmonella tester strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102. The kinetics of destruction in every case followed a time-dependent exponential relationship. Solutions of 1 M Na2S2O3 showed the highest capacity for destruction of the four alkylating agents, half-lives of DMS, DES, MMS, and EMS being 0.14 min, 1.26 min, 0.60 min, and 5.26 min, respectively. No mutagenic activity was detected following complete destruction in 1 M Na2S2O3.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... Summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for DIMETHYL SULFATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Spillage disposal | Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
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| Cancer Sites | [in animals: nasal & lung cancer] |
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| Target organs | Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys, central nervous system |
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| Ecotoxicity values | LC50 Leuciscus idus (orfe) 14 mg/L/48 hrstaticLC50 Leuciscus idus (orfe) 14 mg/L/96 hrSpecies: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill, length 33-75 mm)Conditions: freshwater, static, 23 °C, pH 7.6-7.9, hardness 55 mg/L CaCO3Concentration: 7500 ug/L for 96 hr /99% purity/Species: Menidia beryllina (Inland silverside, length 40-100 mm)Conditions: saltwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.6-7.9, hardness 55 mg/L CaCO3Concentration: 15000 ug/L for 96 hr /99% purity/ |
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| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to moist soil, dimethyl sulfate is expected to hydrolyze rapidly as indicated by a measured rate constant in water of 1.66X10-4/sec at 25 °C(1), corresponding to a half-life of 1.15 hours at pH 7(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces, adsorption to suspended solids and sediments, biodegradation, and bioconcentration are not expected to be important fate processes in moist terrestrial systems because of hydrolysis(SRC). Dimethyl sulfate may volatilize slightly from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.677 mm Hg(2).AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, dimethyl sulfate is expected to hydrolyze rapidly as indicated by a measured rate constant of 1.66X10-4/sec at 25 °C(1)this corresponds to a half-life of 1.15 hours at pH 7(SRC). The rate of hydrolysis will increase in both acidic and basic waters as the reaction is catalyzed under these conditions(2). Volatilization from water surfaces, adsorption to suspended solids and sediments, biodegradation, and bioconcentration are not expected to be important fate processes in aquatic systems because of hydrolysis(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dimethyl sulfate, which has a vapor pressure of 0.677 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dimethyl sulfate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 84 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Vapor-phase dimethyl sulfate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with water (estimated atmospheric lifetime of >2 days)(4). Dimethyl sulfate is likely to become incorporated into fog and cloudwater, in which case it will hydrolyze to monomethyl hydrogen sulfate (and finally sulfuric acid) and methanol, with a half-life on the order of 30 to 60 min(4). Dimethyl sulfate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
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| Adverse effects | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
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| Exposure routes | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact |
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| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Headache. Symptoms may be delayed.MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Blisters. Skin burns.Redness. Pain. Burns. Permanent loss of vision.Burns in mouth and throat. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Abdominal cramps. Vomiting. Convulsions. Shock or collapse. Further see Inhalation.irritation eyes, nosedizzinessconjunctivitisphotophobia (abnormal visual intolerance to light)periorbital (situated around the eye) edemadysphonia, aphonia, dysphagia, productive coughchest paindyspnea (breathing difficulty), cyanosisvomiting, diarrheadysuriaanalgesiafeverproteinuria, hematuria (blood in the urine)eye, skin burnsdelirium[potential occupational carcinogen] |
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| Effluent Concentrations | Dimethyl sulfate was detected in airborne particulate matter from a coal-fired power plant (125 m from the stack and 30 m below the top of the stack) using low sulfur (0.5%), high ash (14%) coal - 0.07 to 0.34 umol/g, upper limit because of hydrolysis loss during extraction(1). Dimethyl sulfate was detected in emissions from a coal-fired and an oil-fired power plant at concentrations of 0.28, 0.21 and 0.95 mmol dimethyl sulfate/mol of total sulfur in the stack, at the top of the stack and in the plume of the coal-fired power plant, respectively, and 0.07, 0.08, and 3.1 mmol dimethyl sulfate/mol of total sulfur in the flue line, at the top of the stack, and in the plume of the oil-fired power plant, respectively(2). |
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| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms. |
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| EPA IRIS Information | Dimethyl sulfate |
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| Medical Surveillance | /Protect from exposure/ workers with diseases of central nervous system, liver, and kidneys. |
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| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Based upon the hydrolysis of dimethyl sulfate in aqueous environments(1), adsorption to soil and leaching are not expected to be important processes(SRC). |
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| RCRA requirements | U103As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when dimethyl sulfate, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). |
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| TSCA requirements | Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, use, and exposure to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date 3/11/1994Reporting date 5/10/1994.Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Dimethyl sulfate is included on this list. Effective date 3/11/1994Sunset date 6/30/1998. |
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| Atmospheric standards | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Dimethyl sulfate is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Dimethyl sulfate is included on this list. |
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| CERCLA reportable quantities | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Dimethyl sulfate is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs. |
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| Water hazard class (WGK) | WGK 3 |
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| UN transport number | UN 1595 |
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| Risk statements (R) | 45-25-26-34-43-68 |
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| Signal word | Danger |
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| GHS pictogram | GHS08,GHS05,GHS06 |
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| Hazard symbols | T+ |
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| Safety statements (S) | 53-45 |
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| Hazard class | 6.1Acute Tox. 2 InhalationAcute Tox. 3 OralCarc. 1BEye Dam. 1Muta. 2Skin Corr. 1BSkin Sens. 1 |
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| Storage class | 6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2very toxic hazardous materials |
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| Packing group | I |
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| GHS hazard statements | H330-H350-H301-H317-H314-H341 |
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| GHS precautionary statements | P260-P271-P284-P304+P340-P310-P320-P403+P233-P405-P501-P201-P202-P281-P308+P313-P405-P501-P261-P272-P280-P302+P352-P333+P313-P321-P363-P501-P264-P270-P301+P310-P321-P330-P405-P501-P260-P264-P280-P301+P330+P331-P303+P361+P353-P363-P304+P340-P310-P321-P305+P351+P338-P405-P501 |
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