HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Dimethylamine
(CH3)2NH · Dimethylamin · Metformin EP Impurity F · DiMethylaMine (~2.0 M in THF) · Dimethylamine methanol solution · DiMethylaMine, 2.0 M solution in THF, SpcSeal · Dimethylamine (ca. 10% in Tetrahydrofuran, ca. 2mol/L) · DiMethylaMine, 2M solution in Methyl alcohol, AcroSeal
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 124-40-3 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C2H7N |
| Average molar mass | 45.08 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 45.05784922 g/mol |
| SMILES | CNC |
| InChIKey | ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 674 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL120433 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:17170 |
| EC No. | 204-697-4 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID5024057 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| XLogP | -0.2 |
|---|---|
| Topological polar surface area | 12 |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 1 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 1 |
| Rotatable bonds | 0 |
| Heavy atoms | 3 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 2.8 |
| Chemical classes | Nitrogen Compounds -> Amines, AliphaticFlammable agents - 4th degree |
| pH | Aqueous solutions of dimethylamine are highly alkaline, like ammonia14 ( in H2O) |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum |
| Pesticides | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | log Kow = -0.38-0.2 |
| Odor | ... Ammonia or fish-like odor ...Ammonical odour |
| Food additives | Use unspecified -> FDA Substance added to food |
| Density | 0.671 at 44.4 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than waterwill float0.6804 g/cu cm at 0 °CBulk density approximately 7.8 lb/galSaturated liquid density: 42.110 lb/cu ftliquid heat capacity: 0.731 Btu/lb-F (all at 40 °F)Saturated vapor pressure: 29.990 lb/sq insaturated vapor density: 0.23550 lb/cu ftideal gas heat capacity: 0.364 Btu/lb-F (all at 75 °F)Relative density (water = 1): 0.70.89 g/mL at 25 °C |
| Viscosity | 1.7 mPa.s at 15.5 °C /40% Dimethylamine aqueous solution/1.7 mPa*s at 20 °C |
| Color/Form | Colorless gas |
| Solubility | 24 % at 140 °F (NIOSH, 2024)In water, 163 g/100g water at 40 °CVery soluble in water forming a very strong alkaline solutionSoluble in ethanol, ethyl etherSolubilities in various solvents at 1 atm and 20 °C.[Table#2482]1630 mg/mL at 40 °Cvery soluble in water (163 g/100 g water at 40°C)soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, and many organic solventsMiscible with water and most organic solvents. |
| Corrosivity | Liquid dimethylamine will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings |
| Melting point | −93 °C(lit.) |
| Boiling point | 7 °C(lit.) |
| Vapor density | 1.55 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 16.97 psi ( 55 °C) |
| Refractive index | n20/D 1.37 |
| Flash point | 60 °F |
| Storage conditions | Flammables area |
| pKa (acidity coefficient) | 10.68(at 25℃) |
| Physical state | Solution |
| Color | Clear slightly yellow |
| Odor threshold | 0.033ppm |
| Explosive limits | 14.4% |
| Specific heat capacity | Cp(liquid): 3.05 J/(g·K)Cp(gas): 1.57 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Sensitivity | Hygroscopic |
| Merck | 14,3228 |
| BRN | 605257 |
| Henry's law constant | 1.75(x 10-5 atmm3/mol) at 25 °C (Christie and Crisp, 1967) |
| Exposure limits | ACGIH:TLV-TWA 5 ppm (9.2 mg/m3)TLV-STEL 15 ppm (27.6 mg/m3)OSHA:PEL-TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3)NIOSH:REL-TWA 10 ppm |
| Dielectric constant | 6.3(0℃) |
| Stability | Stable. Generally used as a solution in water at concentrations up to around 40%. Extremely flammable in the pure form. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| InChI | 1S/C2H7N/c1-3-2/h3H,1-2H3 |
| InChIKey | ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CNC |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | -0.274 at 25℃ |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 124-40-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) | DIMETHYLAMINE |
| FDA 21 CFR | 173.20176.170 |
| EWG's Food Scores | 3-7 |
| FDA UNII | ARQ8157E0Q |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Methanamine, N-methyl-(124-40-3) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Dimethylamine (124-40-3) |
| UNSPSC Code | 41116107 |
| NACRES | NA.24 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS02,GHS04,GHS05,GHS07 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H220-H315-H318-H332-H335 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P210-P264-P280-P261-P271-P377-P381-P302+P352-P332+P313-P362+P364-P305+P351+P338-P310-P304+P340-P312-P410+P403-P403-P403+P233-P405-P501 |
| Target organs | Respiratory system |
| Hazard symbols | F+,Xn,C,F,T |
| Risk statements (R) | 12-20-37/38-41-34-20/22-11-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-52/53-40-19 |
| Safety statements (S) | 3-16-26-29-36/37/39-45-39-61 |
| UN transport number | UN 1032 2.1 (DIMETHYLAMINE, ANHYDROUS) |
| Occupational exposure band (OEB) | A |
| Occupational exposure limit (OEL) | TWA: 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 2 |
| RTECS number | IP8750000 |
| F | 3 |
| Autoignition temperature | 753 °F |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| DOT Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| Hazard class | 3Acute Tox. 4 InhalationAquatic Chronic 3Eye Dam. 1Flam. Liq. 2Skin Corr. 1BSTOT SE 3 |
| Packing group | II |
| Customs code | 29211100 |
| Storage class | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| Hazardous substances data | 124-40-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | Acute oral LD50 for guinea pigs 340 mg/kg, mice 316 mg/kg, rats 698 mg/kg, rabbits 240 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985). |
| Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration | 500 ppm |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Limited quantities | 1.0 L (0.3 gallon) (liquid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml) |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | DangerH220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]P203, P210, P222, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H224: Extremely flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: Methanamine, N-methyl-Methanamine, N-methyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Methanamine, N-methyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 13-12-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14794Methanamine, N-methyl-, anhydrous (dimethylamine): HSNO Approval: HSR000996 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - Methanamine, N-methyl-: Human health tier II assessment |
| DOT label | Flammable GasFlammable Liquid Corrosive |
| Fire hazards | FLAMMABLE. Flashback along vapor trail may occur. May explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Vapors are eye, skin and respiratory irritants. (USCG, 1999)Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:· Flammable/combustible material.· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.Extremely flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Cylinder may explode in heat of fire. Gas/air mixtures are explosive. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with strong oxidizing agents.Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. See Chemical dangers Vapour/air mixtures are explosive. |
| Fire potential | Aqueous solutions are flammable unless diluted extensively.A flammable gas.Contact with strong oxidizers, chlorine, and mercury may cause fires ... . |
| Health hazards | VAPOR: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat. If inhaled, will cause difficult breathing. LIQUID. Will burn skin and eyes. Harmful if swallowed. (USCG, 1999)Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested.· May cause toxic effects if inhaled. |
| Hazards summary | Liquid causes first degree burns on short exposure[CHRIS] Corrosive to skin[Quick CPC] Concentrations above 5420 ppm are lethal to mice with pulmonary hemorrhages and peripheral emphysema on pathological examination. Dermal sensitizer[ACGIH] Pulmonary edema may result from inhalation of high concentrations. [NJ-HSFS] May cause permanent eye injuryTransient visual effects (blue haze or halo vision) occur at low concentrations[CHEMINFO] Animals suffer liver injury in high-dose experiments. [HSDB] |
| DOT ID and guide | 1160 1321032 1181032 118(anhydrous)1160 132(solution) |
| Reactive group | Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines |
| UN classification | UN Hazard Class: 2.1UN Hazard Class: 3UN Subsidiary Risks: 8UN Pack Group: II |
| RCRA requirements | U092As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when dimethylamine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). |
| Reactivity Alerts | Highly Flammable |
| Fire fighting | Excerpt from ERG Guide 118 [Gases - Flammable - Corrosive]:Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:Shut off supplyif not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out. In other cases extinguish with water spray. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.Use water in large amounts, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer immediately for medical attention.Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention . |
| Accidental release measures | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| First aid | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| Safe storage | Cool. Fireproof. Separated from : see Chemical Dangers. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.Fireproof. Cool. Ventilation along the floor. Separated from strong acids, oxidants, aluminium, copper, copper alloys, mercury, zinc and food and feedstuffs. Store only in original container. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| Firefighting Hazards | Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back..... dimethylamine ... incandesce on contact with fluorine. |
| Exposure control and personal protection | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).511.0 [ppm]2.0 [ppm] |
| Fire fighting procedures | Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Use water spray to cool unopened containers.Stop flow of gas before extinguishing fire. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Use water spray, dry chemical, or "alcohol resistant" foam on fires involving aqueous solutions.For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Dimethylamine (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Storage conditions | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Contents under pressure. Storage class (TRGS 510): 2A: GasesThey are extremely flammable products that should be stored in a well-ventilated area and protected from fire risk. /Methylamines/Avoid oxidizing materials, acids, and sources of halogens. Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated, noncombustible location.Protect containers against physical damage. Outdoor or detached storage is preferable. Indoor storage of gas should be in a cool, well-ventilated, noncombustible location, away from all possible sources of ignition. Insure against accidental contact with mercury. |
| Cleanup methods | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.Environmental considerations-land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill. Neutralize with sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4). /Dimethylamine, Solution/Environmental considerations-land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Neutralize with sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4). /Dimethylamine, Anhydrous/Environmental considerations-water spill: Add sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4). If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Dimethylamine, Solution/For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Dimethylamine (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 118 [Gases - Flammable - Corrosive]:Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]: |
| Disposal methods | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U092, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.In a batch experiment with activated sludge from a large-scale plant, the hydrolytic and biochemical degradation of dimethylformamide (DMF) and its reaction product dimethylamine (DMA) were investigated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Parallel to the hydrolysis of dimethylformamide, the biochemical degradation of DMA occurs. The extensive conversion of these substrates is followed by the nitrification of the ammonium ion formed. Under subsequent anaerobic conditions with methanol as the carbon source, denitrification can also be achieved. If the oxygen supply of the activated sludge is insufficient, however, DMA can be used as a carbon source for denitrification, ammonium ion being released from DMA.For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Dimethylamine (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Body burden | The urinary concentration of dimethylamine in fisherman working the east coast of Sweden was 20-60 mM/mol creatinine(1). |
| Treatment | Kidney dialysis is usually needed to relieve the symptoms of uremic syndrome until normal kidney function can be restored. |
| Interactions | The possibility of formation of nitrosamine was investigated in animals exposed to a combination of dimethylamine (DMA) and NO2. First, the distribution and covalent binding of DMA and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rats and guinea pigs were determined. The apparent volume of distribution and biological half-life for [(14)C]-DMA or [(14)C]DMN did not reveal any species difference. In general, there were no marked differences in accumulation of radioactivity in tissues of guinea pigs and rats 4 hr after the administration of DMA, while the guinea pig tissues showed higher accumulation after DMN administration. Nucleic acid fractions prepared from liver and lungs of both species following administration of DMN or DMA in vivo showed much higher covalent binding with DMN than with DMA. Furthermore, the covalent binding of DMN was found to be due to bioactivation, whereas the DMA binding was nonspecific. Since guinea pig liver showed a higher degree of covalent binding than rat liver, this species was used to investigate the possible increase in covalent binding in the presence of NO2 and DMA as a reflection of DMN formation. There was no evidence of enhancement of covalent binding when animals pretreated with [(14)C]-DMA were exposed for various lengths of time to different concentrations of NO2.It is known that sodium nitrite and dimethylamine are toxic compounds, which may react to form dimethylnitrosamine in the gastro-intestinal tract, a much more toxic compound and a powerful cancerogenic. The aim of the present work is the investigation of toxicity in young rats, caused by daily intake of sodium nitrite, administered together with dimethylamine during 30 days. The indicators examined were: histopathological analysis of the liver and kidney, transaminase in blood serum, variations in body weight and relation of weight liver/body weight ... The statistical method employed was the test of multiple comparisons based on the total ranges of Cruskal-Wallis. The results show that either significant differences were found (alpha = 0,05) among the groups (including the control), nor was necrosis observed or forming of tumors in the organs under investigation. Therefore, the doses administered does not seem to be toxic under the conditions of the experiment. Some signs of toxicity found in the group which was severely treated (10 mg of sodium nitrite and 20 mg of dimethylamine) appeared only in a few animals and it is necessary to verify the same in experiments with more animals and over a longer period of treatment.These studies demonstrate the nitrosating potential of NO2 in vivo in ICR mice. Groups of mice were gavaged with 2 mg dimethylamine (DMA) and exposed to NO2 at levels from 0.04 to 44.5 ppm for periods up to 4 hours. Mice were individually frozen and blended to a powder, aliquots of which were homogenized in ice-cold dicholoromethane and 35% aqueous methanol. Concentrates of organic extracts were analyzed or dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) by a Thermal Energy Analyzer with a gas chromatograph interface. Biosynthesis of DMN was dose- and time-dependent with relation to NO2 exposure, reaching a maximum yield of 60-70 ng/mouse (0.0035% DMA conversion) at 2 hours. DMN biosynthesis was inhibited by sodium ascorbate and, more effectively, by ammonium sulfamate.The urinary excretion of the DNA alkylation product, 3-methyladenine (3-MeAde), was measured in human volunteers who were on controlled diets and consumed fresh fish, or frozen-stored fish that contained 50-fold higher levels of dimethylamine (DMA), with or without ingested nitrate. DMA potentially could react with nitrosating agents in the diet or within the body, and produce the potent carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), which can then react with DNA to form several adducts including 3-MeAde. Our findings show that there was no increase in urinary levels of 3-MeAde after consumption of fish preserved by frozen storage relative to levels after consumption of fresh fish. Furthermore, consumption of 225 mg sodium nitrate (equal to the nitrate content in a large glass of beet juice) at 1 hr prior to consumption of the frozen-stored fish did not increase urinary 3-MeAde levels as would be expected if nitrate enhanced endogenous nitrosation of DMA. In contrast, urinary excretion of 3-MeAde from a volunteer who was a moderate cigarette smoker (11 cigarettes per day) was approximately 3- to 8-fold higher than dietary 3-MeAde intake. These findings indicate that consumption of high levels of DMA in fish does not result in detectable levels of NDMA formation and genetic damage as measured by the urinary biomarker 3-MeAde.For more Interactions (Complete) data for Dimethylamine (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Target organs | Eyes, skin, respiratory systemRespiratory system |
| Health effects | Chronic exposure to uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. |
| Ecotoxicity values | EC50Species: Anabaena subcylindrica (Blue-green algae) axenic, 1-3x 10+7 cells/mLConditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH 7.2Concentration: 3.3x10-8 ug/cell for <3 hrEffect: decreased nitrogen fixationConcentration: 3.5x10-8 ug/cell for <3 hrEffect: decreased photosynthesis, oxygen productionSpecies: Chlorella ellipsoidea (Green algae) axenicConcentration: 0.8x10-8 ug/cell for 90 minSpecies: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Green algae) 10x10+8 cells/100 mLConditions: freshwater, static, 20 °CConcentration: 30 mg/L for 96 hrEffect: general growth /98% purity/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Dimethylamine (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a mean Koc value of 434.9 measured in 5 soils(2), indicates that dimethylamine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of dimethylamine is 10.73(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of the cation from moist soil is not expected because cations do not volatilize(SRC). Dimethylamine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1520 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Dimethylamine was biodegraded 69-89% in three Saskatchewan soils during a 7 day incubation period(6), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc value of 508 in lake sediment(2), indicates that dimethylamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 10.73(3) indicates dimethylamine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Dimethylamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -0.38(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Dimethylamine is expected to biodegrade in water based on a half-life of 1.6 days in Vistula River water (Warsaw, Poland) following a 0.3 day lag period(8).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dimethylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 1520 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase dimethylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.54X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Dimethylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| Food survey values | Dimethylamine has been found in the following fresh food (concentration in ppm): red cabbage (2.8), cabbage (2), cauliflower (14), kale (5.5), red radish (1.1), celery (5.1), maize (3.5), green salad (7.2)(1). Concentrations in preserved food items are: broken beans (0.6), broken butterbeans (<0.1), shelled peas (2.2), bean salad (0.2), kale (4.5), red cabbage (0.1), paprika (1), cornichons (0.5)(1). Dimethylamine has detected in various samples of pickled vegetables at 0-15.4 ppm(1). Some other food products contained the following amounts of dimethylamine (ppm): cheese (not detected), brown bread (3.1), coffee (3-6), barley (1.6), hops (1.4), malt (0.5)(1). Dimethylamine was found in cod roe at 6.3 ppm(1), and in herring at 3.4-45 ppm(1) and 54.76 ppm(2). Average levels of dimethylamine are (food item (ppm)): fish sausage (0.902), baked ham (1.310), spinach (0.120), miso (0.055)(2). Dimethylamine was detected at 4.6-31.6 ppm in Nigerian fermented beverages (palm-wine, nono, burukutu, pito and ogogoro)(3) Dimethylamine has been identified as a volatile component of boiled beef(4). The interest for the presence of amines in food arises in part because they are regarded as possible precursors of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds(4). |
| Adverse effects | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
| Exposure routes | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)Endogenous, Ingestion, Dermal (contact) |
| Toxicity summary | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dimethylamine (DMA) is a colorless gas. It is used as acid-gas absorbent, solvent antioxidants, manufacture of dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, dyes, flotation agent, gasoline stabilizers, pharmaceuticals, textile chemicals, rubber accelerators, electroplating, dehairing agent, missile fuels, pesticide propellant, rocket propellants, surfactants, reagent for magnesium. HUMAN STUDIES: Workers in a foundry complaining of breathlessness and choking were found to be exposed to 1-46 mg/cu m DMA in the air. Vision has become misty and halos have appeared several hours after workmen have been exposed to the vapors of DMA at concentration too low to cause discomfort or disability during several hours of exposure. The edema of the corneal epithelium, which is principally responsible for the disturbance of vision, clears spontaneously by the next day, but after exceptionally intense exposures the edema and blurring have taken several days to clear and have been accompanied by photophobia and discomfort from roughness of the corneal surface. ANIMAL STUDIES: A 6% solution of DMA, when applied to the skin of rabbits, caused reddening, then thickening and ulceration after a single treatment. A 3% solution produced similar effects after five treatments. A 5% DMA solution dropped once on rabbit eye caused hemorrhages in conjunctiva, corneal edema, and superficial opacities. A drop of undiluted DMA placed on rabbit's cornea, with the lids then closed and no irrigation performed, caused the cornea to become whitish blue and translucent within few sec, then white as sclera in a min. DMA was a skin sensitizer in the guinea pig closed epicutaneous test. Histopathologic evaluation of the respiratory tract of rats exposed by inhalation at single concentrations ranging from 600 to 6000 ppm for 6 hr revealed concentration-related changes ranging from ulceration and necrosis to rhinitis, tracheitis, and emphysema. Mice exposed at 813 to 1626 ppm DMA had ocular and respiratory irritation and that cyanosis, convulsions, and death occurred above 5420 ppm. Pathologic evaluation revealed massive hemorrhages near the periphery of the lungs and peripheral emphysema in those mice that died during exposure. Small hemorrhages were found in the lungs of mice sacrificed 20 days postexposure. In a repeated exposure study, mice were exposed by inhalation 6 hours/day for 5 days at 511 ppm of DMA. Body weight decreased by 10% to 25% in all animals, and 3 of 24 mice died during exposure. Nasal lesions were observed in these animals. DMA was not carcinogenic by the inhalation in mice and rats. DMA was weakly mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1530 in the presence of metabolic activation. No mutagenic activity occurred without activation, and no activity was found in a host-mediated assay in mice.Uremic toxins such as dimethylamine are actively transported into the kidneys via organic ion transporters (especially OAT3). Increased levels of uremic toxins can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. This seems to be mediated by the direct binding or inhibition by uremic toxins of the enzyme NADPH oxidase (especially NOX4 which is abundant in the kidneys and heart) (A7868). Reactive oxygen species can induce several different DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) which are involved in the silencing of a protein known as KLOTHO. KLOTHO has been identified as having important roles in anti-aging, mineral metabolism, and vitamin D metabolism. A number of studies have indicated that KLOTHO mRNA and protein levels are reduced during acute or chronic kidney diseases in response to high local levels of reactive oxygen species (A7869) |
| Plant Concentrations | Dimethylamine was detected in 2 (Desmarestia aculeata, Desmarestia viridis) of 28 marine algae from three classes: Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae(1). Dimethylamine was identified, not quantified, in various medicinal plants and roots from Africa(2). Dimethylamine has been identified in tobacco leaf (4-75 ppm)(3). |
| Atmospheric standards | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Dimethylamine is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. |
| CERCLA reportable quantities | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| Clean Water Act requirements | Dimethylamine is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. |
| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | Dimethylamine110000Flammable chemical that can be released at a facility. |
| F | 3 |
| Occupational exposure band (OEB) | A |
| Occupational exposure limit (OEL) | TWA: 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 2 |
| Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration | 500 ppm |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | IP8750000 |
| UN transport number | UN 1160 3/PG II (DIMETHYLAMINE AQUEOUS SOLUTION) |
| Customs code | 29211100 |
| Toxicity | Acute oral LD50 for guinea pigs 340 mg/kg, mice 316 mg/kg, rats 698 mg/kg, rabbits 240 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985). |
| Risk statements (R) | 12-20-37/38-41-34-20/22-11-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-52/53-40-19 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS02,GHS04,GHS05,GHS07 |
| Hazard symbols | F+,Xn,C,F,T |
| Safety statements (S) | 3-16-26-29-36/37/39-45-39-61 |
| Hazard class | 3Acute Tox. 4 InhalationAquatic Chronic 3Eye Dam. 1Flam. Liq. 2Skin Corr. 1BSTOT SE 3 |
| Storage class | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| Packing group | II |
| GHS hazard statements | H220-H315-H318-H332-H335 |
| DOT Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| Limited quantities | 1.0 L (0.3 gallon) (liquid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Autoignition temperature | 753 °F |
| GHS precautionary statements | P210-P264-P280-P261-P271-P377-P381-P302+P352-P332+P313-P362+P364-P305+P351+P338-P310-P304+P340-P312-P410+P403-P403-P403+P233-P405-P501 |
| Hazardous substances data | 124-40-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Description
Dimethylamine is a colourless flammable gas at room temperature. It has a pungent, fishy, or ammonia-like odour at room temperature and is shipped and marketed in compressed liquid form. It is very soluble in water and soluble in alcohol and ether. It is incompatible with oxidising materials, acrylaldehyde, fluorine, maleic anhydride, chlorine, or mercury. Dimethylamine is a precursor to several industrially important compounds. For instance, it used in the manufacture of several products, for example, for the vulcanisation process of rubber, as detergent soaps, in leather tanning, in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, and also for cellulose acetate rayon treatment. dimethylamine structure
Uses
Dimethylamine is a used as a precursor to several industrially significant compounds. It reacts with carbon disulfide to give dimethyl dithiocarbamate, a precursor to a family of chemicals widely used in the vulcanization of rubber. It is raw material for the production of many agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, such as dimefox and diphenhydramine, respectively.
Uses
Dimethylamine is used in the manufacture of N-methylformamide, N-methylacetamide,and detergent soaps; in tanning; and as an accelerator in vulcanizing rubber. It is commercially sold as a compressed liquid intubes or as a 33% aqueous solution.