HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Quinoline
Quinolin · Chinoline · 1-Benzaine · CHINOLIN · FEMA 3470 · BENZO[B]PYRIDINE · Leukol · 1-AZANAPHTHALENE
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 91-22-5 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C9H7N |
| Average molar mass | 129.16 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 129.05784923 g/mol |
| SMILES | c1ccc2ncccc2c1 |
| InChIKey | SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 7047 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL14474 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:17362 |
| EC No. | 202-051-6 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID1021798 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| XLogP | 2 |
|---|---|
| Topological polar surface area | 12.9 |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 0 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 1 |
| Rotatable bonds | 0 |
| Heavy atoms | 10 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 111 |
| pH | Weak tertiary base7.3 (5g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | log Kow= 2.032.06 |
| Odor | Penetrating odor, not as offensive as pyridineUnpleasant odorStrong, unpleasant. |
| Density | 1.095 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink1.0900 @ 25 °C/4 °CRelative density (water = 1): 1.091.0977 @ 15°C1.093 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Viscosity | 2.997 millipascal second (=cP) at 30 °C |
| Color/Form | COLORLESS TO BROWN /SRP: TECHNICAL GRADE/Highly refractive/darkens with ageColorless liquid |
| Solubility | less than 0.1 mg/mL at 72.5 °F (NTP, 1992)Soluble in alcohol, ether, and carbon disulfideMiscible with oxygenated solventsMore sol in hot than cold watersol in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, carbon disulfide and other common organic solvents.In water, 6,110 mg/l @ 25 °C6.11 mg/mL at 25 °C6g/lslightly soluble |
| Corrosivity | May attack some forms of plastic |
| Flash point | 138 °F (NFPA, 2010)105 °C99 °C, (Closed Cup)101 °C c.c.214 °F |
| Boiling point | 460 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)237.7 °C @ 760 mm Hg239.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg238 °C237.16 °C @760 [mm Hg]113-114 °C/11 mmHg (lit.) 237 °C (lit.) |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/. |
| Melting point | 5 °F (NTP, 1992)-14.78 °C-15.6 °C-15 °C-17--13 °C (lit.) |
| Vapor density | 4.5 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 0.07 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Refractive index | n20/D 1.625(lit.) |
| Storage conditions | Store below +30°C. |
| Physical state | Liquid |
| pKa (acidity coefficient) | 4.9(at 20℃) |
| Color | Purple to dark grey |
| Odor type | medicinal |
| Biological source | synthetic |
| Explosive limits | 1.2-7%(V) |
| Thermal conductivity | 0.144 W/(m·K) at 25 ℃ |
| Sensitivity | Light Sensitive & Hygroscopic |
| Merck | 14,8068 |
| BRN | 107477 |
| Henry's law constant | 5.9×100 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Duchowicz et al. (2020) |
| Dielectric constant | 2.6(-180℃) |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents. May discolour on exposure to light. Hygroscopic - protect from moisture. Reacts violently and unpredictably with some materials, especially strong oxidizing agents. |
| Major applications | cleaning productscosmeticsflavors and fragrancesfood and beveragespersonal care |
| InChI | 1S/C9H7N/c1-2-6-9-8(4-1)5-3-7-10-9/h1-7H |
| InChIKey | SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | c1ccc2ncccc2c1 |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | 2.04 at 22℃ |
| Surface tension | 43.12mN/m at 20°C |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 91-22-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) | QUINOLINE--NLFG |
| EWG's Food Scores | 7-9 |
| FDA UNII | E66400VT9R |
| IARC | 2B (Vol. 121) 2019 |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Quinoline(91-22-5) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Quinoline (91-22-5) |
| UNSPSC Code | 85151701 |
| NACRES | NA.24 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS06,GHS08,GHS09 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H311-H302-H315-H319-H370-H373-H341-H350-H335-H411 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P273-P260-P270-P202-P201-P271-P264-P280-P391-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P308+P311-P361+P364-P332+P313-P301+P312+P330-P302+P352+P312-P304+P340+P312-P403+P233-P405 |
| Hazard symbols | Xn,N,T |
| Risk statements (R) | 21/22-38-41-68-40-37/38-51/53-36/38-45 |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-36/37/39-36-23-61-45-53 |
| UN transport number | UN 2656 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 2 |
| RTECS number | VA9275000 |
| F | 8 |
| Autoignition temperature | 896 °F |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Hazard class | 6.1Acute Tox. 3 OralAcute Tox. 4 DermalAquatic Chronic 2Carc. 1BEye Irrit. 2Muta. 2Skin Irrit. 2 |
| Packing group | III |
| Customs code | 29334900 |
| Storage class | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| Hazardous substances data | 91-22-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 460 mg/kg (Smyth) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Limited quantities | 5.0 L (1.3 gallons) (liquid) or 5.0 kg (11 lbs) (solid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L) |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | DangerH302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]P203, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: QuinolineQuinoline is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Quinoline are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 19-03-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14335Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 29-01-2015 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1376Status: No longer Valid Update: 26-05-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1208Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 03-04-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23492Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 08-05-2013 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/6927Quinoline: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - Quinolines: Human health tier II assessment |
| DOT label | Poison |
| Fire hazards | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen may form in fires.Behavior in Fire: Heat exposure may cause pressure build-up in closed containers. (USCG, 1999)· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.· Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.· Containers may explode when heated.· For electric vehicles or equipment, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 101 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. |
| Fire potential | IT IS MODERATELY FLAMMABLE BUT DOES NOT EVOLVE A FLAMMABLE CONCN OF VAPOR AT TEMP OF BELOW 99 °C.It will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. |
| Health hazards | Vapors are irritating to nose and throat and may cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea if inhaled. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomachvomiting may occur. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.· Avoid any skin contact.· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination. |
| Hazards summary | Quinoline is used mainly as an intermediate in the manufacture of other products. Potential exposure to quinoline may occur from the inhalation of cigarette smoke. Quinoline breaks down quickly in the atmosphere and water. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure to quinoline vapors irritates the eyes, nose, and throat and may cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea in humans. Information on the chronic (long- term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of quinoline in humans is not available. Liver damage has been observed in rats chronically exposed to quinoline by ingestion. An increased incidence of liver vascular tumors has been observed in rats and mice orally exposed to quinoline. EPA has provisionally classified quinoline as a Group C, possible human carcinogenA skin and eye irritantMay have effects on the liver and retinaPossibly carcinogenic in humans[ICSC] Causes lethargy, respiratory depression, and coma in high-dose animal experimentsNo rats died when exposed to saturated vapor (about 78 ppm) for 8 hours, but all rats died within 6 hours after exposure to 4000 ppm[HSDB] An irritantMay cause serious injury to eyesCan be absorbed through skin[MSDSonline] |
| DOT ID and guide | 2656 154 |
| Reactive group | Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines |
| UN classification | UN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Pack Group: III |
| Reactivity Profile | QUINOLINE is hygroscopic. It absorbs as much as 22% water. It is sensitive to light and moisture. It darkens on storage. This chemical is a weak base. A potentially explosive reaction may occur with hydrogen peroxide. It reacts violently with dinitrogen tetraoxide. It also reacts violently with perchromates. It is incompatible with (linseed oil + thionyl chloride) and maleic anhydride. It is also incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong acids. This chemical can be unpredictably violent. It dissolves sulfur, phosphorus and arsenic trioxide. It may attack some forms of plastics. It is a preparative hazard. (NTP, 1992) |
| Atmospheric standards | Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Quinoline is included on this list. |
| Fire fighting | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention . |
| Accidental release measures | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep unauthorized personnel away.· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. |
| First aid | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated areatake deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be usedif not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)General First Aid:· Call 911 or emergency medical service.· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.· If victim is not breathing:-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitationthe victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.· Keep victim calm and warm.· Keep victim under observation.· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.Specific First Aid:· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. |
| Safe storage | Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants, acids, acid anhydrides and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Keep in the dark. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| Exposure control and personal protection | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. |
| Fire fighting procedures | EXTINGUISH WITH WATER, DRY CHEMICALS, FOAM, OR CARBON DIOXIDE.If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. |
| Storage conditions | PROTECT FROM LIGHT & MOISTURE. |
| Cleanup methods | Spread over with the 9:1 mixture of sand and soda ash. After mixing, transfer into a paper carton, stuffed with ruffled paper.Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill.Environmental considerations: Water spill: If dissolved, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. |
| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024) |
| Disposal methods | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols, etc. Spray the solution into the furnace with afterburner and scrubber. Pour into a mixture of sand and soda ash (9:1). After mixing, put into a paper carton stuffed full with packing paper to serve as fuel. Burn in the furnace and stand or position oneself on upwind side.A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.Quinoline is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. |
| Spillage disposal | Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Treatment | There is no know antidote for PAHs. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (L10) |
| Cancer Sites | Hepatic |
| Health effects | PAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system. (L10) |
| Ecotoxicity values | LC50 Xenophus laevis (South African clawed toad) embryo 26.3 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/LC100 Tetrahymena pyriformis (ciliate) 6.19 mmole/l/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Kocs ranging from 2.84 to 10.9(2,3), indicates that quinoline is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral species of quinoline from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.67X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 0.06 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 6,110 mg/l(5). The potential for volatilization of quinoline from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). However, the pKa of quinoline is 4.90(6), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(7). Quinoline was degraded in a Danish sandy soil from Lundgaard, Jutland, characterized by 2.47% organic carbon content, 80.2% sand, 13.2% silt, 4.8% clay, and a pH of 5.8using batch experiments at pH 5.8 and 7 with concns of 10 and 50 mg/kg quinoline, 14CO2 production was 21%/day after 3-4 days in all experiments(8)observed biodegradation to hydroxylated products was reported using freshwater sediment slurries incubated under methanogenic conditions(9). Therefore, biodegradation may be a slow environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 2.84 to 10.9(2,3), indicates that quinoline is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). However, the pKa of quinoline is 4.90(7), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(8). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.06 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 6,110 mg/l(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 25 and 186 days, respectively(SRC). Quinoline may be susceptible to photolysis as indicated by strong UV absorption in water at wavelengths >290 nm with maximum at 312.5 nm(9). According to a classification scheme(10), a BCF range of <0.1 to 3.8(11), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation may be a slow environmental fate process in water based upon a measured 0.2% theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using the Japanese MITI test(11) and observed biodegradation to hydroxylated products using freshwater sediment slurries incubated under methanogenic conditions(12).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), quinoline, which has a vapor pressure of 0.006 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase quinoline is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.16X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Strong absorption of UV light wavelenghts >290 nm with an absorption maximum at 312.5 nm in water(4), suggests the potential for direct photolysis of quinoline in the atmosphere(SRC). This compound may be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition as indicated by the identification of quinoline sorbed to atmospheric particulates(5) and in rainwater samples(6). |
| Adverse effects | Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxinOccupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. |
| Exposure routes | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.Oral (L10)inhalation (L10) |
| Toxicity summary | The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. (L10, L23, A27, A32) |
| Plant Concentrations | A field study was designed to measure plant uptake of organic contaminants from sludge-treated coal refuse, following a one-time applications in 1987(1). Quinoline was not detected in corn, cabbage, and carrot samples collected in 1990(1). |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat.Redness.Redness. Pain.Acute exposure to PAHs causes irritation and inflammation of the skin and lung tissue. (A10) |
| Effluent Concentrations | With 260 mg quinoline per kg creosote-pentachlorophenol, quinoline was detected in wastewater from an on-site storage pond in central Texas(1). The compound was qualitatively identified in CO and UT shale oil wastewaters during 1981-2(2). A quinoline concn of 20 ng/l was estimated to be present in synthetic coal conversion wastewater(3). A baseline study of gaseous emissions from polystyrene combustion indicate that quinoline represents 2.08% of the total gas-phase PAH emissions(4). Quinoline was tentatively identified in the base fraction of wastewater from gasification of Indian Head lignite coal at an estimated concentration of 0.49 mg/l(5). Gasoline and diesel-powered vehicle exhaust emissions have been shown to contain quinoline at concns ranging from 5.3 (noncatalyst) and 0.57 ug/km (catalyst), and 0.46 (diesel) ug/km, respectively(6). |
| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment. |
| CERCLA reportable quantities | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| Clean Water Act requirements | Quinoline is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. |
| F | 8 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 2 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | VA9275000 |
| UN transport number | UN 2656 |
| Customs code | 29334900 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 460 mg/kg (Smyth) |
| Risk statements (R) | 21/22-38-41-68-40-37/38-51/53-36/38-45 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS06,GHS08,GHS09 |
| Hazard symbols | Xn,N,T |
| Safety statements (S) | 26-36/37/39-36-23-61-45-53 |
| Hazard class | 6.1Acute Tox. 3 OralAcute Tox. 4 DermalAquatic Chronic 2Carc. 1BEye Irrit. 2Muta. 2Skin Irrit. 2 |
| Storage class | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| Packing group | III |
| GHS hazard statements | H311-H302-H315-H319-H370-H373-H341-H350-H335-H411 |
| Limited quantities | 5.0 L (1.3 gallons) (liquid) or 5.0 kg (11 lbs) (solid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Autoignition temperature | 896 °F |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P273-P260-P270-P202-P201-P271-P264-P280-P391-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P308+P311-P361+P364-P332+P313-P301+P312+P330-P302+P352+P312-P304+P340+P312-P403+P233-P405 |
| Hazardous substances data | 91-22-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Description
Quinoline is a colourless hygroscopic liquid with characteristic odour. On exposure to light, it turns brown in colour. Quinoline decomposes on heating, and on burning produces toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides. Quinoline reacts with strong oxidants, acids, and anhydrides. Quinoline is only slightly soluble in cold water but dissolves readily in hot water and most organic solvents. Quinoline is combustible. It gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Quinoline is incompatible with strong acids, oxidisers, dinitrogen tetroxide, linseed oil, thionyl chloride, maleic anhydride, and perchromates and reacts violently with most incompatibles. Quinoline is used extensively in the manufacturing of dyes, preparation of hydroxyquinoline sulphate and niacin, as a solvent for resins and terpenes, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of other products. Quinoline is used mainly as an intermediate in the manufacture of other several products, as a catalyst, as a corrosion inhibitor, in metallurgical processes, in the manufacture of dyes, as a preservative for anatomical specimens, in polymers and agricultural chemicals, and as a solvent for resins and terpenes. Quinoline is also used as an anti-malarial medicine. Because of its solubility in water, quinoline has significant potential for mobility in the environment, which may promote water contamination. Potential exposure to quinoline also occurs from the inhalation of cigarette smoke. Quinoline breaks down quickly in the atmosphere and water.
Occurrence
Quinoline was discovered in coal tar distillate in 1834 by Runge. It is released to the environment through natural combustion processes and has been isolated from air particulates (Dong et al 1977). Quinoline may be a significant aqueous byproduct of synthetic fuel production (shale oil, coal processing) and from wood preservation production and use facilities. Small amounts also have been detected in tobacco smoke (Schmeltz and Hoffmann 1977).
Uses
Quinoline is used in the manufacture of dyesand hydroxyquinoline salts; as a solvent forresins and terpenes; and therapeutically as anantimalarial agent. It occurs in coal tar insmall amounts.
Uses
Quinoline is used as an intermediate in the production of quinoline-related compounds (e.g., 8-hydroxyquinoline). Its multiple uses include solvent, preservative, flavoring agent in medicine, colorant in dyes and paints, and also a component of some fungicides. It is also a solvent for resins and terpenes and is used in the production of paint. Quinoline used as a coloring additive in foods, such as Quinoline Yellow, has increased the concern that quinoline that is found in these processes may contribute to the development of cancers later in life. Quinoline is also an antimalarial agent. Sources of quinoline include petroleum and coal processing, wood preservation, and the use of shale oil.
Uses
Preserving anatomical specimens; manufac- ture of quinolinol sulfate; niacin and copper-8- quinolinolate; flavoring.
General Description
A colorless liquid with a peculiar odor. Slightly denser than water. Contact may irritate to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.