HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
MIBK · METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE · 4-METHYLPENTAN-2-ONE · MIK · ISOBUTYL METHYL KETONE · MBK · MIKB · HEXONE
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 108-10-1 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C6H12O |
| Average molar mass | 100.16 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 100.088815 g/mol |
| SMILES | CC(=O)CC(C)C |
| InChIKey | NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 7909 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL285323 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:82344 |
| EC No. | 203-550-1 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID5021889 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| XLogP | 1.3 |
|---|---|
| Topological polar surface area | 17.1 |
| Hydrogen bond donors | 0 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 1 |
| Rotatable bonds | 2 |
| Heavy atoms | 7 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 64.6 |
| Chemical classes | Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Flammable agents - 3rd degreeVolatile Organic Compound (VOC) |
| Lipids | Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Oxygenated hydrocarbons [FA12] |
| Solvents | Solvents -> Ketones (<C12) |
| Cosmetics | Cosmetics ingredient -> FragranceSolventCosmetic ingredients (MIBK) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)Denaturant |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Boiling point |
| Pesticides | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | log Kow = 1.311.38 |
| Odor | Pleasant odorFaint, ketonic and camphor odorFruity, ethereal odormild, characteristicsharpnon-residualketonic. |
| Food additives | FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT -> FDA Substance added to food |
| Density | 0.802 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than waterwill float0.7965 g/cu cm at 25 °CDensity: 0.8042 at 20 °C/20 °CBulk density: 6.68 lb/gal at 20 °CRelative density (water = 1): 0.800.796-0.7990.801 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Flavoring agents | EU Flavoring substances |
| Color/Form | LiquidColorless liquid |
| Melting point | -80 °C (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 117-118 °C |
| Vapor density | 3.5 (vs air) |
| Vapor pressure | 15 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Refractive index | n20/D 1.395(lit.) |
| FEMA | 2731 | 4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE |
| FLAVIS Number | 07.017 | 4-Methylpentan-2-one |
| Flash point | 56 °F |
| Storage conditions | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| Solubility | water: soluble20g/L, soluble in alcohol, miscible with oils. Soluble in Propylene glycol and Glycerin.17 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Physical state | Liquid |
| Color | APHA: ≤15 |
| Specific gravity | 0.80 |
| pH | 7 (20°C) |
| Explosive limits | 1.2-8%, 93°F |
| Biological source | synthetic |
| Odor type | green |
| Odor threshold | 0.17ppm |
| Specific heat capacity | Cp(liquid): 2.13 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| λmax | λ: 335 nm Amax: 1.00λ: 340 nm Amax: 0.50λ: 360 nm Amax: 0.15λ: 380 nm Amax: 0.02λ: 400 nm Amax: 0.01 |
| Merck | 14,5207 |
| JECFA Number | 301 |
| BRN | 605399 |
| Henry's law constant | 2.56 at 25 °C (batch stripping method-GC, Kim et al., 2000) |
| Dielectric constant | 13.0(Ambient) |
| Exposure limits | ACGIH:TLV-TWA 20 ppm (82 mg/m3)TLV-STEL 75 ppm (307 mg/m3)OSHA:PEL-TWA 100 ppm (410 mg/m3)NIOSH:REL-TWA 50 ppmREL-STEL 75 ppm |
| Stability | Volatile |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | SOLVENTPERFUMINGDENATURANT |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) | 4-Methyl-2-pentanone (108-10-1) |
| InChI | 1S/C6H12O/c1-5(2)4-6(3)7/h5H,4H2,1-3H3 |
| InChIKey | NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CC(C)CC(C)=O |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | 1.3-1.9 at 20℃ |
| Toxicology and Carcinogenesis | Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (CASRN 108-10-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) |
| Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) | METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE |
| FDA 21 CFR | 175.105176.180176.200176.210177.1650 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 108-10-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EWG's Food Scores | 5-8 |
| FDA UNII | U5T7B88CNP |
| Proposition 65 List | Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Methyl isobutyl ketone(108-10-1) |
| IARC | 2B (Vol. 101) 2013 |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Methyl isobutyl ketone (108-10-1) |
| ECETOC JACC REPORT | 4-Methyl-2-pentanone (108-10-1) |
| UNSPSC Code | 41116107 |
| NACRES | NA.24 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS02,GHS07,GHS08 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H332-H303-H319-H372-H351-H335-H336-H225 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P260-P270-P202-P240-P210-P233-P201-P243-P241-P242-P271-P264-P280-P370+P378-P312-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P303+P361+P353-P304+P340+P312-P403+P233-P403+P235-P405 |
| Target organs | Central nervous system |
| Hazard symbols | F,Xn,T |
| Risk statements (R) | 11-20-36/37-66-39/23/24/25-23/24/25 |
| Safety statements (S) | 9-16-29-45-36/37-7 |
| UN transport number | UN 1245 |
| Occupational exposure band (OEB) | A |
| Occupational exposure limit (OEL) | TWA: 50 ppm (205 mg/m3), STEL: 75 ppm (300 mg/m3) |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 1 |
| RTECS number | SA9275000 |
| Autoignition temperature | 840 °F |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Customs code | 2914 13 00 |
| Hazard class | 3Acute Tox. 4 InhalationCarc. 2 InhalationEye Irrit. 2Flam. Liq. 2STOT SE 3 |
| Packing group | II |
| Storage class | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| Hazardous substances data | 108-10-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 2.08 g/kg (Smyth) |
| Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration | 500 ppm |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Limited quantities | 1.0 L (0.3 gallon) (liquid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml) |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | DangerH225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (2 of 4455) of reports.H225 (> 99.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids] |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: 2-Pentanone, 4-methyl-Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityDevelopmental ToxicityHepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityNephrotoxicity and Other Toxicity to the Urinary SystemNeurotoxicityOcular ToxicityList II Chemical: A chemical, other than a List I chemical, specified by regulation that, in addition to legitimate uses, is used in manufacturing a controlled substance in violation of the Act. (21 eCFR 1310.02)Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 (amended)2-Pentanone, 4-methyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 2-Pentanone, 4-methyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 18-01-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14866 |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - 2-Pentanone, 4-methyl-: Human health tier III assessment |
| DOT label | Flammable Liquid |
| Fire hazards | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors are generated when heated.· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive. |
| Fire potential | Flammable liquid. |
| Health hazards | Vapor causes irritation of eyes and nosehigh concentrations cause anesthesia and depression. Liquid dries out skin and may cause dermatitisirritates eyes but does not injure them. (USCG, 1999)· Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. |
| Hazards summary | Methyl isobutyl ketone is used as a solvent for gums, resins, paints, varnishes, lacquers, and nitrocellulose. Acute (short-term) exposure to methyl isobutyl ketone may irritate the eyes and mucous membranes, and cause weakness, headache, nausea, lightheadedness, vomiting, dizziness, incoordination, narcosis in humans. Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure to methyl isobutyl ketone has been observed to cause nausea, headache, burning in the eyes, weakness, insomnia, intestinal pain, and slight enlargement of the liver in humans. Lethargy and kidney and liver effects have been observed in rats and mice chronically exposed by gavage (experimentally placing the chemical in the stomach), ingestion, and inhalation. EPA has classified methyl isobutyl ketone as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.MIBK is in the list of Some volatile substances which may be abused by inhalation published on the web site of the U.N. International Drug Control Programme, indicating its potential to cause narcosis in workers. [Reference #1] Fatty livers are observed in guinea pigs exposed to lethal concentrations (28,000 ppm). [HSDB] TLV basis is eye and respiratory tract irritation and kidney damage. [ACGIH] |
| DOT ID and guide | 1245 127 |
| FDA requirements | Methyl isobutyl ketone is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.Methyl isobutyl ketone is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. |
| Reactive group | Ketones |
| EC classification | Symbol: F, XnR: 11-20-36/37-66S: (2)-9-16-29Note: 6 |
| UN classification | UN Hazard Class: 3UN Pack Group: II |
| Fire fighting | Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
| First aid measures | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . |
| Accidental release measures | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| First aid | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| Safe storage | Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Well closed. |
| Firefighting Hazards | Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions: Carbon oxides, Oxides of phosphorus.Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back |
| Exposure control and personal protection | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - MIBK in urine = 1 mg/Lsample at end of shift20.0 [ppm] |
| Fire fighting procedures | Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.Fire extinguishers containing carbon dioxide, dry powder, or foam are recommended. Flashback along a vapor trail may occur. Water should not be used, since this may cause the fire to spread, though a water spray can be used to cool containers.If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistance" foam, or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective. Ue water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. |
| Storage conditions | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Store at Room Temperature.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/Drums should be stored in a well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and heat. The storage temperature should not exceed 40 °C.Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Store away from oxidizers and reducing agents.Conditions that could lead to autoxidation (presence of air, light, heat, or heavy metals) or condensation (strongly acidic or basic media) should be avoided during storage. Containers of V2A steel are recommended for both storage and transportation. |
| Cleanup methods | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulationsPRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/In the event of spillage, naked flames, sparks, and heat should be avoided. Contact with skin and eyes should be avoided by wearing suitable protective gloves, face-shield and boots. Liquid should be prevented from entering drains and sewers. Spillages (small-scale) should be absorbed on paper towels, sawdust, or sand, and all material should be removed to a safe place for subsequent disposal. |
| Nonfire spill response | Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]: |
| Disposal methods | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U161 and F003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Product: Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Methyl isobutyl ketone (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Body burden | Methyl isobutyl ketone has been identified in the expired air from a non-smoking heterogenous study population(1). Methyl isobutyl ketone was found in expelled breath of humans at 1-10 ppb(2). Methyl isobutyl ketone had air concentration/urinary concentration correlation coefficients of 0.81 and 0.91 in 36 and 28 human subjects, respectively(3). |
| Interactions | Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) has recently been shown to potentiate the cholestasis induced by manganese-bilirubin (Mn-BR) or manganese (Mn) in rats. In this study, we investigated the effect of 4-methyl-2-pentanol (4MPOL) and 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone (4-OHMIBK), two major metabolites of MIBK, on these models of cholestasis. Dosages varying from 1.88 to 15 mmol/kg 4MPOL or 4-OHMIBK were administered once, 18 hr prior to the administration of a cholestatic Mn-BR combination. The cholestatic effect of the manganese-bilirubin combination was enhanced with dosages of 4MPOL of 3.75 mmol/kg and larger. On the other hand, dosages smaller than 15 mmol/kg of 4-OHMIBK did not potentiate the Mn-BR cholestasis. Daily pretreatment for 3 days resulted in an increased response to the cholestatic challenges of either Mn-BR or Mn alone. 4MPOL administered repetitively was a better potentiator than 4-OHMIBK with the Mn-BR model of cholestasis. However, with Mn alone, 4-OHMIBK proved to be more effective. 4MPOL and 4-OHMIBK per se were devoid of cholestatic properties, since the bile flow measured prior to the cholestatic challenge was not decreased and in some cases was significantly greater than that of vehicle-pretreated animals. These results show that MIBK metabolites can potentiate the cholestatic form of hepatotoxicity. /4-methyl-2-pentanol and 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone (metabolites)/MnBK and MiBK prolong the duration of ketamine-, pentobarbital-, thiopental- and ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex (LRR) in mice. In equimolar doses, (5 mmol/kg ip), both isomers were equipotent with respect to the enhancement of ketamine-, pentobarbital-, and thiopental-induced LRR. However, MnBK was significantly more effective (twice as effective) than its isomer with respect to enhancing ethanol-induced LRR. An attempt to explain the difference in effectiveness between the two isomers was carried out. The effects of both ketones and their principal metabolites, (2-hexanol (2-HOL), 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD), 4-methyl-2-pentanol (4-MPOL) and 4-hydroxy 4-methyl-2-pentanone (HMP)) on ethanol-induced LRR and ethanol elimination were studied in mice. The ketones and their metabolites were dissolved in corn oil and injected intraperitoneally 30 min before 4 g/kg ethanol for LRR and 2 g/kg for ethanol elimination. Ethanol-induced LRR was significantly prolonged by the following dosages (mmol/kg), MnBK, 5MiBK, 52-HOL, 2.54-MPOL, 2.5and HMP, 2.52,5-HD, 2.5, however exerted no effect. Concentrations of ethanol in blood or brain upon return of the righting reflex were similar in solvent-treated and control animals. The mean elimination rate of ethanol was slower in groups pretreated with MnBK or 2-HOL as compared to control animals. Ethanol elimination in animals pretreated with MiBK, HMP, 4-MPOL, or 2,5-HD was similar to that in control animals. These ketones are known to have some central depressant action on their own. This by itself could lead to prolongation of ethanol-induced LRR. However, MnBK, as well as one of its principal metabolites, (2-HOL), markedly reduced ethanol elimination. This could explain the observation that MnBK has a greater potentiating effect on ethanol-induced LRR that its isomer, MiBK, which does not affect ethanol elimination.An experiment /was conducted/ to investigate the mechanism of methyl isobutyl ketone synergism of n-hexane neurotoxicity ... The results suggest that the synergistic action of methyl isobutyl ketone on n-hexane neurotoxicity may be related to its ability to induce liver microsomal cytochrome p450, resulting in increased metabolic activation of n-hexane to more potent neurotoxic metabolites.The potentiating properties of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) ... on the acute cholestatic response induced by taurolithocholate (TLC) were investigated in male Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were pretreated with 3.75 to 15.0 nmol ... by gavage administration daily for 3 or 7 days. Intravenous injections of taurolithocholate were 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 mg/kg. Bile was collected over 15 or 30 minute periods to measure bile flow. Daily ketone pretreatment resulted in an enhancement of the diminution in bile flow observed after taurolithocholate challenge. When the ... /ketone was/ administered without taurolithocholate challenge, cholestasis was not observed. Slight increases in bile flow did occur.For more Interactions (Complete) data for Methyl isobutyl ketone (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Target organs | DevelopmentalEyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, liver, kidneysCentral nervous system |
| Ecotoxicity values | EC50Species: Selenastrum capricornutum (/Green/ algae)Concentration: 400 mg/ for 96 hrEffect: growth rateLD50Species: Angelaius phoeniceus (Redwinged blackbird) oral 100 mg/kgLC50Species: Carassius auratus (Goldfish)Conditions: staticConcentration: 450 mg/L for 24 hrSpecies: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) weight 0.12 gConditions: flow through bioassay, water hardness 45.5 mg/L CaCO3, temp: 25 +/- 1 °C, pH 7.5, dissolved oxygen greater than 60% of saturationConcentration: 505 mg/L for 96 hrFor more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Methyl isobutyl ketone (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Environmental fate | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 70(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.31(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that methyl isobutyl ketone is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of methyl isobutyl ketone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 19.9 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 19,000 mg/L(5). Methyl isobutyl ketone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). An 84% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 70(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.31(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that methyl isobutyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 19.9 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 19,000 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 9 hours and 6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). An 84% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(8) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), methyl isobutyl ketone, which has a vapor pressure of 19.9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl isobutyl ketone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 30(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Methyl isobutyl ketone absorbs UV at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| Food survey values | Methyl isobutyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in the volatile component of baked potatoes(1). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in the volatiles of scrambled eggs (3 ng/g)(2), cured beef (0.03 mg/kg)(3) and cured chicken (0.06 mg/kg)(3).Methyl isobutyl ketone has been reported found in orange and lemon juice, grapevinegar, baked potato, papaya, ginger, wheat bread, cheeses, cooked egg, roast chicken, cooked beef, lamb fat, pork liver, hop oil, beer, cognac, coffee, tea, plumcot, plum brandy, mushroom, trassi, sesame seed, buck wheat, wort, elder, Bourbon vanilla, clary and red sage |
| Adverse effects | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome |
| Exposure routes | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact |
| Milk Concentrations | Methyl isobutyl ketone was reported as 131.9, 0.01, and 0.01 ng/ml average in whole, 2%, and 1% milk, respectively, from 35 samples taken from 8 plants, located in AZ, CA, NV, and UT sampled Jan - Feb 2002(1).Methyl isobutyl ketone has been reported found in milk |
| Toxicity summary | Based on the available animal and clinical data in this report, the CIR Expert Panel concludes that MIBK is safe as used in nail polish removers and as an alcohol denaturant in cosmetic products.Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualificationsIDENTIFICATION AND USE: Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is a colorless liquid. It is used as a solvent for gums, resins, nitrocellulose, paints, varnishes, and lacquers. It is also used as denaturant for rubbing alcohol, in the manufacture of methyl amyl alcohol, and in dry-cleaning preparations. It is also widely used in rubber chemicals for the production of tyres. HUMAN STUDIES: Symptoms and signs of poisoning include: irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, as well as CNS depression. Gastrointestinal pain and hepatic toxicity may occur with exposure to high concentrations. In workers exposed to up to 2050 mg MIBK/cu m (500 ppm) for 20-30 min per day and to 328 mg/cu m (80 ppm) for much of the remainder of the working day, over half of the 19 workers complained of weakness, loss of appetite, headache, eye irritation, stomach ache, nausea, vomiting, and sore throat. A few of the workers experienced insomnia, somnolence, heartburn, intestinal pain, and some unsteadiness. Four workers had slightly enlarged livers and six had a nonspecific colitis. Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause drying and flaking of the skin. Accidental aspiration of liquid MIBK can cause chemical pneumonitis. ANIMAL STUDIES: MIBK elicited no dermal irritation to intact rabbit skin. Guinea pigs were exposed to 1000, 16,800, 28,000 ppm MIBK. The 1000 ppm level caused little or no irritation of eyes and nose of the animals. Guinea pigs showed a decreased respiratory rate during the first 6 hr of exposure attributed to a low grade CNS depression. The 16,800 ppm level caused immediate signs of eye and nose irritation followed by salivation, lacrimation, ataxia, and death. Nine of 10 animals died within 6 hr of exposure. The highest concentration used (28,000 ppm) killed 50 percent of the animals within 45 min. Only a few guinea pigs survived 60 min of exposure. Fatty livers and congestion of the brain, lungs and spleen were noted. Rats exposed to 25 ppm MIBK showed a minimal statistical increase in pressor lever response, but the discriminatory behavior of baboons was not impaired by exposures of 20-40 ppm. In rats exposed dermally to 300-600 mg MIBK/kg per day for 4 months, dose- and time-dependent morphological changes were observed in the skin, brain, liver, adrenals, spleen, and testis. Body temperature decreased and oxygen consumption increased. Reproductive toxicity of MIBK was evaluated in a two-generation inhalation study in rats. The only effect reported in offspring was significantly depressed body weights on day 14 postpartum in F1 and F2 male and female pups in mid- and high-exposure groupshowever, pup body weights were not different from those of controls on days 7 and 21 post-partum. No other exposure-related changes were observed in any reproductive or developmental endpoint in either generation, including an absence of anatomical changes in F0 and parental F1 reproductive organs. Genotoxicity assays of MIBK included the Salmonella/microsome (Ames) assay, L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay, BALB/3T3 cell transformation assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis assay, and micronucleus assay. The presence of a marginal response only at the highest cytotoxic concentration tested in the L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay, the lack of reproducibility in the BALB/3T3 cell transformation assay, and clearly negative results in the Ames assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis and micronucleus assays, suggest that MIBK is unlikely to be genotoxic in mammalian systems. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Aquatic invertebrates are less sensitive than fish to the toxicity of MIBK. The toxicity of MIBK was also measured in the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda, in which the 8-day threshold for toxicity was 725 mg/L, and in the relatively more sensitive cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Microcystis aeruginosa, in which the toxicity threshold was 136 mg/L. |
| Ecotoxicity excerpts | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ Aquatic invertebrates are less sensitive than fish to the toxicity of MIBK. ...The toxicity of MIBK was also measured in the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda, in which the 8-day threshold for toxicity was 725 mg/L, and in the relatively more sensitive cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Microcystis aeruginosa, in which the toxicity threshold was 136 mg/L. |
| Plant Concentrations | Methyl isobutyl ketone has been reported found in Chinese quinceMethyl isobutyl ketone occurrence in plants(1).[Table#483] |
| RCRA requirements | U161As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when methyl isobutyl ketone, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).F003When methyl isobutyl ketone is a spent solvent, it is classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (F003), as stated in 40 CFR 261.31, and must be managed according to State and/or Federal hazardous waste regulations. |
| TSCA requirements | Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Methyl isobutyl ketone is included on this list. Effective date 10/4/82Sunset date 10/4/92.A testing consent order is in effect for methyl isobutyl ketone for health effects testing. FR citation: 1/23/95. |
| FIFRA requirements | Residues of methyl isobutyl ketone are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: solvent. Limit: none.Residues of methyl isobutyl ketone are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: solvent, cosolvent. Limit: none.Residues of methyl isobutyl ketone are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: solvent, cosolvent. Limit: none. |
| Atmospheric standards | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Methyl isobutyl ketone is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Methyl isobutyl ketone is included on this list. |
| CERCLA reportable quantities | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| State drinking water guidelines | (CA) CALIFORNIA 120 ug/L(FL) FLORIDA 350 ug/L(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 350 ug/L(MN) MINNESOTA 300 ug/LFor more State Drinking Water Guidelines (Complete) data for Methyl isobutyl ketone (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Occupational exposure band (OEB) | A |
| Occupational exposure limit (OEL) | TWA: 50 ppm (205 mg/m3), STEL: 75 ppm (300 mg/m3) |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | 1 |
| Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration | 500 ppm |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | SA9275000 |
| UN transport number | UN 1245 |
| Customs code | 2914 13 00 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 2.08 g/kg (Smyth) |
| Risk statements (R) | 11-20-36/37-66-39/23/24/25-23/24/25 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS02,GHS07,GHS08 |
| Hazard symbols | F,Xn,T |
| Safety statements (S) | 9-16-29-45-36/37-7 |
| Hazard class | 3Acute Tox. 4 InhalationCarc. 2 InhalationEye Irrit. 2Flam. Liq. 2STOT SE 3 |
| Storage class | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| Packing group | II |
| GHS hazard statements | H332-H303-H319-H372-H351-H335-H336-H225 |
| Limited quantities | 1.0 L (0.3 gallon) (liquid) |
| Excepted quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml) |
| REACH registrations | Active |
| Autoignition temperature | 840 °F |
| GHS precautionary statements | P501-P260-P270-P202-P240-P210-P233-P201-P243-P241-P242-P271-P264-P280-P370+P378-P312-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P303+P361+P353-P304+P340+P312-P403+P233-P403+P235-P405 |
| Hazardous substances data | 108-10-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Description
4-Methyl-2-pentanone has a pleasant odor. May be prepared by hydrogenation of mesityl oxide over Ni at 160 - 190°C; also by oxidation of methyl isobutyl carbinol.
Occurrence
Reported found in orange and lemon juice, grape; vinegar, baked potato, papaya, ginger, wheat bread, cheeses, milk, cooked egg, roast chicken, cooked beef, lamb fat, pork liver, hop oil, beer, cognac, coffee, tea, plumcot, plum brandy, mushroom, trassi, sesame seed, buckwheat, wort, elder flower, Bourbon vanilla, clary and red sage, crab, clam and Chinese quince.
Uses
MIBK is used as a solvent for gums, resins,nitrocellulose and cellulose ethers, and various fats, oils, and waxes.
Uses
In paints, glues, and cleaning agents; used in the plastic and petrol industries
Uses
Methyl isobutyl ketone (hexone, isobutyl methyl ketone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone) is an organic solvent similar in structure and use to methyl butyl ketone. In addition to its use as a solvent for paints, lacquers, and varnishes, methyl isobutyl ketone is used in extraction processes and as a denaturant for rubbing alcohol. Methyl isobutyl ketone is also used as a synthetic flavoring in some varieties of rum, candy, and cheese. Unlike methyl butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone has not been found to occur naturally.
General Description
A clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point 73°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.
Preparation & Synthesis
Preparation
By hydrogenation of mesityl oxide over Ni at 160 to 190°C; also by oxidation of methyl isobutyl carbinol.