HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
Piperazine Dihydrochloride
Piperazine 2HCl · PipDCl · dowzenedhc · dihydropipwormer · PIPERAZINE DI HCL · piperazinewormerpremix · Piperazine hydrate CRS · piperazinehydrochloride
Identifiers & Physical Properties
| CAS No. | 142-64-3 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C4H12Cl2N2 |
| Average molar mass | 159.05 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic mass | 158.0377538 g/mol |
| SMILES | C1CNCCN1.Cl.Cl |
| InChIKey | CVVIJWRCGSYCMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 8893 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL3188015 |
| EC No. | 205-551-2 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID4047096 |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| Topological polar surface area | 24.1 |
|---|---|
| Hydrogen bond donors | 4 |
| Hydrogen bond acceptors | 2 |
| Rotatable bonds | 0 |
| Heavy atoms | 8 |
| Formal charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 26 |
| Color/Form | CREAM COLORED CRYSTALLINE POWDERWHITE NEEDLESWhite to creamy colored needles or powder. |
| Solubility | 41 % (NIOSH, 2024)SOLUBILITY IN WATER: 35% @ 0 °C, 41% @ 20 °C, 48% @ 50 °CINSOL IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of nitrous oxide and hydrogen chloride. |
| Melting point | 635 °F (NIOSH, 2024)320°C(dec.)(lit.) |
| Physical Description | Piperazine dihydrochloride appears as white to cream-colored needles or powder. Mp: 318-20 °C (with decomposition).White to cream-colored needles or powder[NIOSH]White to cream-colored needles or powder. |
| Stability/Shelf Life | STABLE @ TEMP TO 270 °C & IN NEUTRAL OR ACID MEDIAStability of piperazine can be accomplished by use of its simple salts, /including hydrochloride/, which are more stable than the piperazine base. |
| Other Experimental Properties | SLIGHTLY HYGROSCOPIC82-83 °C /Monohydrate/ |
| Boiling point | 262.01°C (rough estimate) |
| Density | 1.3011 (rough estimate) |
| Refractive index | 1.6300 (estimate) |
| Storage conditions | Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature |
| Physical state | White crystalline solid |
| Color | White to Off-White |
| Major applications | pharmaceutical (small molecule) |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C4H10N2.2ClH/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h5-6H,1-4H22*1H |
| InChIKey | CVVIJWRCGSYCMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | C1NCCNC1.Cl.Cl |
| LogP (partition coefficient) | -1.171 (est) |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 142-64-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) | PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE |
| FDA UNII | 17VU4Z4W88 |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Piperazine dihydrochloride (142-64-3) |
| UNSPSC Code | 41116107 |
| NACRES | NA.24 |
| GHS pictogram | GHS08 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS hazard statements | H315-H319-H334-H361fd-H412 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P202-P261-P273-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338-P308+P313 |
| Hazard symbols | Xn |
| Risk statements (R) | 36/37/38-42/43 |
| Safety statements (S) | 22-26-36/37 |
| Occupational exposure band (OEB) | B |
| Occupational exposure limit (OEL) | TWA: 5 mg/m3 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | WGK 2 |
| RTECS number | TL4025000 |
| F | 3-10 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| Customs code | 2933599550 |
| Storage class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| Hazard class | Aquatic Chronic 3Eye Irrit. 2Repr. 2Resp. Sens. 1Skin Irrit. 2Skin Sens. 1 |
| Hazardous substances data | 142-64-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | mouse,LD50,intraperitoneal,1970mg/kg (1970mg/kg),LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION,Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 17, Pg. 475, 1967. |
Safety & Regulations
| GHS classification | DangerH315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]H361fd: Suspected of damaging fertilitySuspected of damaging the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]P203, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Regulatory information | Chemical: Piperazine, dihydrochlorideHazard Traits - Respiratory ToxicityAuthoritative List - EC Annex VI Resp. Sens. - Cat. 1Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredientPiperazine dihydrochloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right. |
| Other safety information | IMAP assessments - Piperazine salts: Human health tier II assessment |
| Health hazards | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Piperazine dihydrochloride:Exposure Routes: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactSymptoms: Irritation eyes, skin, respiratory systemskin burns, sensitizationasthmagastrointestinal upset, headache, nausea, vomiting, incoordination, muscle weakTarget Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system (NIOSH, 2024) |
| Hazards summary | Piperazine dihydrochloride is well tolerated as an oral medication at a dose of 150 mg/kg for several days. Skin burns, allergic contact dermatitis, and asthma have been reported after occupational exposures to piperazine dust. [ACGIH] Piperazine, CAS # 110-85-0, is corrosive to skin. [Quick CPC] Asthma reported in pharmaceutical and chemical production workers[Malo] Allergic contact dermatitis reported in pharmaceutical, laboratory, healthcare, and veterinary workers[Kanerva, p. 1827] See Piperazine and salts. |
| FDA requirements | Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended21 U.S.C. 321-392). |
| Reactive group | Salts, Acidic |
| Reactivity Profile | This compound is incompatible with the following: Water, HEAT, flames, oxidizers. It absorbs moisture from air. It may create flammable condition upon contact with HEAT, FLAMES and OXIDIZERS. |
| Flammable Limits | Combustible Solid, but does not ignite easily. |
| Air and Water Reactions | No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water. Soluble in water. |
| NIOSH Recommendations | Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Skin Irrit. 2 (100%)Skin Sens. 1 (97.6%)Eye Irrit. 2 (100%)Resp. Sens. 1 (97.6%)Repr. 2 (92.9%)Aquatic Chronic 3 (95.2%)Eye irritation - category 2ASkin irritation - category 2Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) - category 1Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) - category 2Respiratory sensitisation - category 1Skin sensitisation - category 1Hazardous to the aquatic environment (chronic) - category 3Reproductive toxicity - category 2Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 5Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 2Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2A-2BAquatic Chronic 3 |
| Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities | Water [Note: Slightly hygroscopic (i.e., absorbs moisture from the air)].Water [Note: Slightly hygroscopic (i.e., absorbs moisture from the air).] |
| First aid | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Piperazine dihydrochloride:Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.Skin: WATER FLUSH IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)(General first aid procedures)Breathing: Respiratory supportSwallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. |
| Disposal methods | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. |
| Preventive Measures | If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and othersources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. /Piperazine/Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Piperazine/The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. |
| Respirator Recommendations | Important additional information about respirator selection |
| Threshold Limit Values (TLV) | 8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 5 mg/cu m.Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.0.03 ppm (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2011] |
| Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) | none See Appendix G |
| Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) | 5 mg/m³TWA 5 mg/m3 |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Piperazine dihydrochloride:Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.Provide:⢠EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substancesthis is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.⢠QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substanceFacilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] |
| Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) | N.D.See: IDLH INDEX |
| Interactions | IN ISOLATED FROG & RABBIT HEARTS PIPERAZINE PRODUCED BIPHASIC EFFECT WITH INITIAL NEG INOTROPIC ACTION FOLLOWED BY POS INOTROPIC ACTION. FORMER PHASE WAS ANTAGONIZED BY ATROPINE, HEXAMETHONIUM & DIGOXIN. DIRECT ACTION ON THE HEART IS SUGGESTED. /PIPERAZINE HYDROGEN CHLORIDE/ |
| Target organs | Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system |
| Adverse effects | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents. |
| Exposure routes | inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact |
| Signs and Symptoms | irritation eyes, skin, respiratory systemskin burns, sensitizationasthmagastrointestinal upset, headache, nausea, vomiting, incoordination, muscle weak |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | ... SIDE EFFECTS ... INCL HEADACHES, NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, LETHARGY, TREMOR, INCOORDINATION, MUSCULAR WEAKNESS ... & VAGUE OCULAR DISTURBANCES. /PIPERAZINE SALTS/LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS, DYSARTHRIA, APRAXIA, CLONIC SPASMS, TREMOR, MUSCULAR WEAKNESS, DROPPING OF OBJECTS, INABILITY TO THINK CLEARLY &/OR HALLUCINATIONS SEEN IN 35 YR OLD PT WITH TERMINAL RENAL FAILURE TAKING 30 MG PIPERAZINE HEXAHYDRATE/KG BODY WT/DAY FOR 10 DAYS. /PIPERAZINE HEXAHYDRATE/SEVERE ILLNESS OCCURRED IN A 25 YR OLD WOMAN AFTER ADMIN OF PIPERAZINE ON 2 SEPARATE OCCASIONS. EVIDENCE FAVORS A HYPERSENSITIVITY MECHANISM RATHER THAN A DIRECT TOXIC EFFECT OF DRUG OR ITS METABOLITES. /PIPERAZINE/ACUTE HUMAN EXPOSURES HAVE RESULTED IN MILD TO MODERATE SKIN BURNS & SENSITIZATION. MILD TO MODERATE ASTHMA HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH INHALATION OF DUST. |
| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | EYE CONTACT, MARKED PAIN AND MODERATE EYE IRRITATION WHICH HEALS IN 2 DAYS WITH NO CORNEAL INJURY. SKIN CONTACT VERY SLIGHT IRRITATION.VOMITING & DIARRHEA IS OCCASIONALLY REPORTED IN CATS & DOGS ESPECIALLY IF OVERDOSED. /ORAL ADMIN/IN ISOLATED FROG & RABBIT HEARTS PIPERAZINE PRODUCED BIPHASIC EFFECT WITH INITIAL NEG INOTROPIC ACTION FOLLOWED BY POS INOTROPIC ACTION. FORMER PHASE WAS ANTAGONIZED BY ATROPINE, HEXAMETHONIUM & DIGOXIN. DIRECT ACTION ON HEART IS SUGGESTED. /PIPERAZINE/ |
| Non-Human Toxicity Values | LD50 Rat oral 4,900 mg/kg |
| F | 3-10 |
| Occupational exposure band (OEB) | B |
| Occupational exposure limit (OEL) | TWA: 5 mg/m3 |
| Water hazard class (WGK) | WGK 2 |
| TSCA inventory status | TSCA listed |
| RTECS number | TL4025000 |
| Customs code | 2933599550 |
| Toxicity | mouse,LD50,intraperitoneal,1970mg/kg (1970mg/kg),LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION,Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 17, Pg. 475, 1967. |
| Risk statements (R) | 36/37/38-42/43 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| GHS pictogram | GHS08 |
| Hazard symbols | Xn |
| Safety statements (S) | 22-26-36/37 |
| Storage class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| GHS hazard statements | H315-H319-H334-H361fd-H412 |
| Hazard class | Aquatic Chronic 3Eye Irrit. 2Repr. 2Resp. Sens. 1Skin Irrit. 2Skin Sens. 1 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P202-P261-P273-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338-P308+P313 |
| Hazardous substances data | 142-64-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Applications & Uses
Uses
It is used as a one day wormer, either in water or feed, for the control of Round worms in poultry, swine, and horses. It also controls nodular worms in swine, and small strongyles in horses.
Uses
In the manufacture of fibers, pharmarceuticals, and insecticides.
Uses
Piperazine Dihydrochloride is an anthelmintic agent used in the treatment of parasitic worms in animals.
General Description
White to cream-colored needles or powder. Mp: 318-20°C (with decomposition).