Phthalonitrile → Phthalocyanine

Participants

Reaction Conditions

Reaction Steps

Phthalonitrile (1100 grams) and titanium tetrachloride (813 grams) were suspended in 6800 milliliters (ml) of 1-chloronaphthalene and heated to 215-220° C. and maintained for 2.5 hours at this temperature. The reaction mixture was cooled to 140° C., and the dark solid was collected and washed with acetone and methanol. After drying, the dark blue solid (1090 grams) was slurried twice in refluxing 10 liters of distilled water for two hours, filtered hot each time, and washed with acetone to yield crude phthalocyanine. The X-ray diffraction spectrum exhibits major peaks of the Bragg angle at 7.5, 8.3, 10.5, 12.7, 14.2, 14.6, 18.9, 22.1, 24.3, 26.1, and 29.9 (all +/-0.2 degrees).

Provenance & Evidence