化工社化工社 化学情報印刷レポート · 研究参考用
1-メチル-2-ピロリドン
1-メチル-2-ピロリドン · ピロールM · N-メチルピロリドン · 1-メチルピロリジン-2-オン · N-メチル-2-ピロリジノン · ファルマソルブ · M-ピロール · 4,5-ジヒドロ-1-メチル-1H-ピロール-2(3H)-オン
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 30207-69-3 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | C5H9NO |
| 平均分子量 | 99.13 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 99.06841391 g/mol |
| SMILES | CN1CCCC1=O |
| InChIKey | SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 13387 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL12543 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:7307 |
| EC No. | 212-828-1 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID6020856 |
| 現地名 | 1-メチル-2-ピロリドン |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | -0.5 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 20.3 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 0 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 1 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 7 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 90.1 |
| 物質分類 | TeratogensIndustrial compound |
| 医薬品 | Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15 |
| Solvents | Solvents -> Other Solvents |
| 化粧品 | Surfactant |
| pH | pH = 7.7-88.5-10.0 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum |
| LogP（分配係数） | log Kow = -0.38-0.54 |
| 臭い | Mild amine odorわずかなアミン臭 |
| 密度 | 1.03 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink1.027 at 25 °C/25 °CRelative density (water = 1): 1.031.027 @25 °C1.028 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Viscosity | 1.65 cP at 25 °C1.62 mm²/s at 25 °C |
| Color/Form | Clear liquid |
| 溶解度 | greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)Miscible with water, alcohol, ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, benzeneMiscible with castor oilMiscible with lower alcohols and ketonesModerately soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons and dissolves many organic and inorganic compounds.Solubility in water: miscibleエタノール: 混和性0.1ML/mL、透明、無色 (10%、v/v)>=10 g/100 mL at 20 ºC |
| 融点 | -24 °C (lit.) |
| 沸点 | 202 °C (lit.) 81-82 °C/10 mmHg (lit.) |
| 蒸気密度 | 3.4 (vs air) |
| 蒸気圧 | 0.29 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| 屈折率 | n20/D 1.479 |
| 引火点 | 187 °F |
| 貯蔵条件 | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| 外観・状態 | 液体 |
| pKa（酸解離定数） | -0.41±0.20(Predicted) |
| 色 | ≤20(APHA) |
| 爆発限界 | 1.3-9.5%(V) |
| 比熱容量 | Cp(liquid): 3.11 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,6117 |
| BRN | 106420 |
| ヘンリー定数 | 3.1×103 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Brockbank (2013) |
| 誘電率 | 32.200000000000003 |
| 安定性 | 安定ですが、光に当たると分解します。可燃性。強力な酸化剤、強酸、還元剤、アルカリとは相容れない。 |
| 主な用途 | 食品および飲料 |
| 化粧品成分の機能 | 溶媒 |
| InChI | 1S/C5H9NO/c1-6-4-2-3-5(6)7/h2-4H2,1H3 |
| InChIKey | SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CN1CCCC1=O |
| LogP（分配係数） | -0.46 at 25℃ |
| 表面張力 | 41.3mN/m at 293.15K |
| CAS データベース | 872-50-4(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NISTの化学物質情報 | 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-(872-50-4) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (872-50-4) |
化学的特性
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone is a colourless or light yellow liquid with an amine odour. It can undergo a number of chemical reactions even though it is accepted as a stable solvent. It is resistant to hydrolysis under neutral conditions, but strong acid or base treatment results in ring opening to 4-methyl aminobutyric acid. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone can be reduced to 1-methyl pyrrolidine with borohydride. Treatment with chlorinating agents results in amide formation,an intermediate which can undergo further substitution, while treatment with amyl nitrate yields the nitrate. Olefins can be added to the 3 position by treatment first with oxalic esters, then with appropriate aldehyes (Hort and Anderson 1982).
化学性质
極性が大きくほとんどの有機溶媒と完全に混合できる。有機物、機物の溶解度が高い。
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | DangerH315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 2679) of reports.H315 (> 99.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation] |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Chemical: 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-Hazard Traits - Developmental ToxicityReproductive ToxicityCouncil Directive (EEC) No 109/1989 (Repealed by Reg. EC No 1935/2004 (amended))2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 28-02-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15493Restricted substance: 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone |
| その他の安全情報 | IMAP assessments - 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-: Human health tier III assessment |
| 輸送ラベル（DOT） | Combustible Liquid |
| 火災危険 | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen may be formed in fire. (USCG, 1999)Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 86 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. |
| 火災の可能性 | Combustible when exposed to heat, open flame, or powerful oxidizers. |
| 健康有害性 | Inhalation of hot vapors can irritate nose and throat. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes causes irritation. Repeated and prolonged skin contact produces a mild, transient irritation. (USCG, 1999) |
| 有害性の概要 | It is absorbed through the skina severe eye irritant[CSH, p. 291] It is mainly an irritant, but it can cause severe contact dermatitis due to prolonged contact. [Kanerva, p. 1816] Experimental animals experience lethargy and respiratory difficulty after inhalation. [HSDB] Some animal studies found fetal loss and birth defects after high doses during early pregnancy. [Frazier, p. 345] NMP is a cyclic amide used as a solvent, catalyst, formulating agent, and graffiti remover. Significant absorption occurs through the skin. 2-HMSI can be used for biological monitoring of workers. [Akesson B, Carnerup MA, Jonsson BAG. Evaluation of exposure biomarkers from percutaneous absorption of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Scand J Work Environ 200430(4):306-312] In high-dose animal studies, adverse effects include CNS depression and changes to the liver, kidneys, and blood cells. [ACGIH] A skin and eye irritant[ICSC] Danger of cutaneous absorption[AIHA] |
| 反応性グループ | Amides and Imides |
| EC 分類 | R: 61-36/37/38S: 53-45 |
| Special Reports | Bower DBJournal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 39 (5): 393-4 (1997). Stillbirth after exposure to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.Solomon GM et alJournal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 38 (7): 705-13 (1996). Stillbirth after occupational exposure to n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. A case report and review of the literature.Akesson BArbetsmilj"oinstitutet, F"orlagstj"anst 171 (84): 24 (1994). The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals - N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone.Wallen MNord 6: 75-89 (1992). Health effects of selected chemicals: methylpyrrilidinone.Lee KP et alFundam Appl Toxicol 9 (2):222-35 (1987). Toxicity of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone teratogenic subchronic and two-year inhalation study. |
| TSCA 要件 | A testing consent order is in effect for N-methylpyrrolidone for health effects testing. FR citation: 11/23/93. |
| FIFRA 要件 | Residues of n-methylpyrrolidone are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: solvent, cosolvent. |
| 消火 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. |
| 応急処置措置 | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
| 応急処置 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. |
| 安全保管 | Dry. Ventilation along the floor. Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids, strong bases, copper and plastics. |
| 暴露管理・個人防護 | Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - 5-Hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in urine = 100 mg/L at end of shift20.0 [ppm], (can also occur as vapor and aerosol)[German Research Foundation (DFG)] |
| 消火手順 | Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. |
| 保管条件 | Small quantities can be stored in polyethylene, polypropylene, or clear glass bottles.Safe Storage: Separated from oxidants, rubber, plastics, aluminum and light metals. Dry. Ventilation along the floor. |
| 清掃方法 | Spillage Disposal: Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| 非火災時の漏出対応 | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
| 処分方法 | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. |
| 漏出処分 | Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Store and dispose of according to local regulations. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. |
| Preventive Measures | Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place. |
| 相互作用 | The ability of N-methylpyrrolidone and polar lipids to increase the percutaneous delivery of metronidazole was investigated across full thickness human nonoccluded skin in vitro. Fatty acids and ethyl alcohol were also tested and were effected in penetration enhancement in propylene glycol vehiclesN-methylpyrrolidone increased metronidazole penetration from isopropyl myristate vehicles but not from propylene glycol. N-methylpyrrolidone premeated skin readily when applied in the neat state or in a mixture with isopropyl myristate. Results indicated that variations in barrier permeability to metronidazole were associated with the rate of N-methylpyrrolidone permeating the skin.The effect of a penetration enhancer, N-methylpyrrolidone (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) or isopropyl myristate, on the in vitro permeability of gonadorelin (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormoneLHRH) through porcine epidermis was investigated. The permeability coefficient of gonadorelin significantly increased through penetration enhancer treated epidermis in comparison to the control. It was concluded that both penetration enhancers can enhance the percutaneous absorption of peptides such as gonadorelin.Laurocapram (Azone1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-oneI), N-methylpyrrolidone (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidoneII) and dodecyl-L-pyroglutamate (III) were studied in permeation cells in vitro, for their ability to improve the absorption of insulin (IV) and FD&C Blue No. 1 (brilliant blue FCFV) through skinthe compounds were formulated into a 40% solution of propylene glycol in increasing concentrations. ... The permeation of V was improved in the presence of II, with concentrations of II ranging from 6.0 to 20.0% exhibiting the same efficacy. In experiments with IV, the optimum efficacy of II was found at a concentration close to 10.0%, with a decline in efficacy in higher and lower concentrations. ... |
| 生態毒性値 | LC50Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hrConditions: freshwater, static, 23 °C, pH 7, dissolved oxygen 7.8 mg/LConcentration: 2500 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 1800-3500 ug/L) />99.9% purity/Concentration: 1230 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 1000-1500 ug/L) />99.9% purity/ |
| 環境中動態 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4.3(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.38(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 3.20X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(4). 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.345 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 73% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4.6(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.38(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.20X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 73% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(7) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, which has a vapor pressure of 0.345 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.2 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.40X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| 食品調査値 | 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone has been detected as a volatile flavor component of roasted filberts(1). |
| 有害作用 | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome |
| 暴露経路 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Headache.MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain.Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.Burning sensation in the throat and chest.Rapid, irregular respiration, shortnessof breath, decreased pain reflex, and slight bloody nasalsecretion. |
| Ongoing Test Status | The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of October 25, 2012: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=872-50-4] |
| Effluent Concentrations | 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone was detected in 1 of 46 US industrial effluent samples(1). 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone is present in shale oil retort water(2,3). 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone was found in shale retort water at a concentration of 3 mg/L(2). Retort Water Treatment Cell analysis showed an influent concentration of 2.8 and effluent concentrations of not detected, 1.4, 3.3, and 10.1 mg/L at 1, 3, 5 and 7 weeks of treatment cell operation, respectively, suggesting a desorption from solids over time(3). The compound was detected at concentrations of 66.3 and 33.7 ug/L in wastewaters from a petrochemical plant sampled in January and March 1997, respectivelyit was not detected in a July 1996 sample. 1-Methyl-2-pyrroldinone was detected at concentrations of 0.2 and 3.9 ug/L in leachate from an industrial landfill sampled in December 1996 and March 1997, respectivelylocations not specifiedlimit of detection was 0.2 ug/L(4). 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone was detected at 68.9 ug/L in leachate from a municipal waste landfill in Japan(5).1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone was detected in the raw effluent from a textile finishing plant, North Carolina, concentration not provided(1). The compound was detected in spraybooth scrubber automotive painting operation at a concentration of 300 mg/L of boothwater, 1.51X10-8 ar partial pressure, atm in airthe compound was applied in spray at 7700 kg/annum(2). |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | The Koc of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is estimated as 5(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.38(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is expected to have very high mobility in soil. 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone had Rf values of 0.74, 0.65, 0.67, and 1.0 in silt, loam, clay and sand, respectively, in laboratory soil thin layer chromatography (TLC) experiments(4) which is consistent with significant mobility in soil(SRC). |
| Atmospheric Concentrations | INDOOR AIR: 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone was detected at 142 ug/cu m (waterborne system) from furniture that had been coated in a wood preservative mixture(1). |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Six male volunteers were exposed for eight hours on four different days to 0, 10, 25, and 50 mg/cu m N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Plasma was collected and urine was sampled during and after the exposure. Changes in nasal volume were measured by acoustic rhinometry and in airway resistance by spirometry. The eight-hour experimental exposure to 10, 25, and 50 mg/cu m did not induce discomfort to eyes or upper airways. Acute changes in nasal volume were not found, and no changes in the spirometric data could be registered. ... N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone was absorbed through the respiratory tract and readily eliminated from the body, mainly by biotransformation to other compounds. Exposure to 10, 25, or 50 mg/cu m N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone did not cause nose, eye, or airway irritation. Thus, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is a mild irritant./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ It can cause dermatitis with blistering, edema, and erythema with prolonged or repeated contact./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In the semiconductor industry, headaches and chronic eye irritation were described in some employees exposed to levels as low as 0.7 ppm. Levels of 49 to 83 ppm were found unbearable by the workers./SURVEILLANCE/ Several workers in a small electrotechnical company in Norway experienced irritant reaction of the skin after a few days of working with the solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. ... After 2 days of work with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 10 of the 12 involved workers displayed acute irritant contact dermatitis of the hands. .../ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ The effects of absorption enhancers such as laurocapram (Azone), N-methylpyrrolidone, propylene glycol, and oleic acid on the percutaneous absorption of heparin sodium through excised human skin were investigated. Laurocapram, N-methylpyrrolidone, and propylene glycol promomted heparin flux, while oleic acid did not. |
| F | 3-8-10 |
| 水環境危害等級（WGK） | 1 |
| TSCA 収載状態 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 番号 | UY5790000 |
| 輸送番号（UN） | NA1993 |
| 毒性 | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 3598 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit 8000 mg/kg |
| 税関コード | 2933199090 |
| 危険文句（R） | 45-65-36/38-36/37/38-61-10-46 |
| 化審法 | (5)-113 優先評価化学物質 |
| 安衛法 | 57,57-2 |
| 消防法 | 危険物第4類第三石油類(水溶性) |
| 危険表示 | T,Xi |
| 安全措置（S） | 41-45-53-62-26 |
| 危険等級 | CBLEye Irrit. 2Repr. 1BSkin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3 |
| 自然発火温度 | 518 °F |
| 貯蔵分類 | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| 有害物質データ | 872-50-4(Hazardous Substances Data) |
用途
用途
樹脂溶剤、アセチレン溶剤、MOS半導体製造用溶剤、化粧品基剤 (化学工業日報社)
用途
農薬、医薬品などの製造中間体
用途
ペプチド合成用溶媒。
用途
有機合成原料。
用途
樹脂溶剤、アセチレン溶剤
説明
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone is an aprotic solvent with a wide range of applications: petrochemical processing, surface coating, dyes and pigments, industrial and domestic cleaning compounds, and agricultural and pharmaceutical formulations. It is mainly an irritant, but has also caused several cases of contact dermatitis in a small electrotechnical company.
使用
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone is a polar solvent that is used in organic chemistry and polymer chemistry. Large scale applications include the recovery and purification of acetylenes, olefins, and diolefins, gas purification, and aromatics extraction from feedstocks.N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone is a versatile industrial solvent. NMP is currently approved for use only in veterinary pharmaceuticals. The determination of the disposition and metabolism of NMP in the rat will contribute toward understanding the toxicology of this exogenous chemical which man may likely be exposed to in increasing amounts.
一般的な説明
N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) is a powerful, aprotic solvent with high solvency, and low volatility. This colorless, high boiling, high flash point and low vapor pressure liquid carries a mild amine-like odor. NMP has high chemical and thermal stability and is completely miscible with water at all temperatures. NMP can serve as a co-solvent with water, alcohols, glycol ethers, ketones, and aromatic/chlorinated hydrocarbons. NMP is both recyclable by distillation and readily biodegradable. NMP is not found on the Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) list of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.
製法・合成法
調製方法
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone is manufactured by the reaction of buytrolactone with methylamine (Hawley 1977). Other processes include preparation by hydrogenation of solutions of maleic or succinic acids with methylamine (Hort and Anderson 1982). Manufacturers of this chemical include Lachat Chemical, Inc, Mequon, Wisconsin and GAF Corporation, Covert City, California.
合成方法
1,4-ブタンジオールの脱水素化あるいは水マレイン酸の水素還元で得られたγ-ブチロラクトンとモノメチルアミンを高温高圧下（200?250℃，10 MPa）で反応させて得られる。
純化方法
Dry the pyrrolidone by removing water as the *benzene azeotrope. Fractionally distil at 10 torr through a 100-cm column packed with glass helices. [Adelman J Org Chem 29 1837 1964, McElvain & Vozza J Am Chem Soc 71 896 1949.] The hydrochloride has m 86-88o (from EtOH or Me2CO/EtOH) [Reppe et al. Justus Liebigs Ann Chem 596 1 1955]. [Beilstein 21 II 213, 21 III/IV 3145, 21/6 V 321.]