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Metals -> Phosphides

Flammable agents - 3rd degree

Rodenticides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

2.51 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.51

2.5 g/cm³

2.238 @25 °C

Red-brown crystalline powder or gray lumps

Hygroscopic crystals

Insol in alcohol, ether; reacts with water

Decomposed by water to phosphine

... DECOMPOSED BY WATER TO PHOSPHINE, WHICH IS HIGHLY TOXIC ...

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of phosphoxides.

2910 °F (USCG, 1999)

About 1600 °C

1600 °C

Odor Threshold Low: 0.13 [ppm]

1-100 mg/cu m.

Calcium phosphide appears as red-brown crystals to gray granular lumps. It reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide and phosphine, a flammable poisonous gas. Phosphine will normally ignite spontaneously in contact with air. If there is an excess of water this fire of phosphine will not normally ignite surrounding combustible material.

Red-brown crystals or gray lumps with a musty odor like acetylene; [HSDB]

RED-BROWN CRYSTALLINE POWDER OR GREY LUMPS.

Stable if dry.

Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. ...Cool. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Danger

H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

P223, P231+P232, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P335+P334, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P370+P378, P391, P402+P404, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H260 (100%): In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]

P223, P231+P232, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P335+P334, P321, P330, P370+P378, P391, P402+P404, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Commission Regulation (EC) No 2229/2004

2008/125, Reg. (EU) 2017/195, Reg. (EU) 2020/1643, Reg. (EU) 2022/801, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Behavior in Fire: Can cause spontaneous ignition if wet. Contributes dense smoke of phosphoric acid. (USCG, 1999)

· Produce flammable and toxic gases on contact with water.

Not combustible but forms flammable gas on contact with water or damp air.

DANGEROUS FIRE HAZARD BY CHEMICAL REACTION ... THEY REACT WITH WATER, STEAM, ACID, OR ACID FUMES TO PRODUCE TOXIC AND FLAMMABLE PHOSPHINE GAS. /PHOSPHIDES/

DECOMP BY MOIST AIR OR WATER, EVOLVING SPONTANEOUSLY-FLAMMABLE PHOSPHINE.

Inhalation or ingestion causes faintness, weakness, nausea, vomiting. External contact with dust causes irritation of eyes and skin. (USCG, 1999)

· Highly toxic: contact with water produces toxic gas, may be fatal if inhaled.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 139 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable and Toxic Gases)]:

NO water, foam. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Refer for medical attention. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. No mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Refer for medical attention . Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). NO mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

INHALATION: remove to fresh air; call a physician and alert to possibility of phosphine poisoning.

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

Extinguish adjacent fires with dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Fire extinguishing agents not to be used: water, foam.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not use water. Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Sweep spilled substance into containers. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. (Extra personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Sweep spilled substance into containers. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. (Extra personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.)

Inhalation of phosphine may cause severe pulmonary irritation leading to acute pulmonary oedema, cardiovascular dysfunction, CNS excitation, coma and death. Gastrointestinal disorders, renal damage and leukopenia may also occur. Chronic exposure to phosphine can result in anemia, bronchitis, gastrointestinal effects, and visual, speech and motor problems. (L980, L982)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Oral (L982) ; inhalation (L982)

Phosphine inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, preventing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This non-competitive inhibition prevents cellular respiration and leads to multi-organ dysfunction. Phosphine can also react with hydrogen peroxide to form the highly reactive hydroxyl radical, which can cause lipid peroxidation. (A291, A292)

Cough. Headache. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Tremor. Diarrhoea. Convulsions. Vomiting.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

See Inhalation.

Early symptoms of acute phosphine intoxication include pain in the diaphragm, nausea, vomiting, excitement, and a phosphorus smell on the breath. Higher levels can cause weakness, bronchitis, pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, convulsions, and death. Some effects, such as pulmonary edema, convulsions, and liver injury, may appear or continue to be present days after an exposure. Ingestion of metal phosphides results in release of phosphine in your stomach which can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. (L980)

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation of phosphine liberated from calcium phosphide may cause lung edema. The substance may cause effects on the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, liver, kidneys and cardiovascular system, resulting in impaired functions and respiratory failure. Exposure may result in death. ...The symptoms of lung oedema often do not become manifest until a few hours have passed and they are aggravated by physical effort. Rest and medical observation is therefore essential.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . /Phosphine and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phosphine and Related Compounds/

Calcium phosphide

A Commercial Grade

A Placarded Amount

Chemical or material that can be mixed with readily available materials.

Metal phosphides are hydrolyzed to phosphine and the corresponding metal cation. In rats, phosphine that is not excreted in the expired air is oxidized and appears in the urine, chiefly as hypophosphite and phosphite. ...An unidentified metabolite, detectable by paper chromatography and distinct from pyrophosphate and metaphosphate /was also reported/. The fact that (a) phosphine is incompletely oxidized; and (b) the proportion of an administered dose that is eliminated as expired phosphine increases with the dose suggests that the oxidative pathway is slow. /Metal phosphides/

Phosphine and metal phosphides may be absorbed following ingestion or inhalation, then distribute to the nervous system, liver, and kidney. In the body, metal phosphides are hydrolysed to phosphine, and phosphine is oxidized to hypophosphite and phosphite. Metabolites are excreted in the urine, while unchanged phosphine is exhaled. (L982)

Used for signal fires, pyrotechnics, copper purification, and rodent poison; [HSDB]

Metal Preparation and Pouring [Category: Foundry]

For signal fires; in purification of Cu and Cu alloys ...

Use: signal fires, torpedoes, pyrotechnics ...

Fumigants and/or rodent poisons /Phosphides/

Calcium phosphide is used mainly in incendiary bombs and as a rodenticide, and is also found in fireworks, torpedoes, self-igniting naval pyrotechnic flares, and various water-activated ammunition. (L984)

By heating calcium phosphate with aluminum or carbon, by passing phosphorus vapors over metallic calcium.

... Direct combination of the elements at elevated temperature. White, red, or gaseous phosphorus can be used. Some phosphides can be prepared by reaction of phosphine with metals or their salts. Metallic phosphides can also be prepared by the electrothermal reduction of metal oxides in the presence of carbon and phosphates. /Phosphides/

Grade: Technical

/Available as/ 97% purity grade, 1/2 inch pieces and smaller