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Carbon Tetrachloride
水質分析用標準溶液 四塩化炭素 (1mg/mL メタノール溶液) · テトラクロロメタン · ペルクロロメタン · カーボンテトラクロリド · パークロロメタン · 炭素テトラクロリド · 四塩化炭素標準原液 · 四化炭素
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 56-23-5 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | CCl4 |
| 平均分子量 | 153.8 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 151.87541072 g/mol |
| SMILES | ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl |
| InChIKey | VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 5943 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL44814 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:27385 |
| EC No. | 200-262-8 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID8020250 |
| 現地名 | 四塩化炭素 |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | 2.8 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 0 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 0 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 0 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 5 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 19.1 |
| 物質分類 | Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Carcinogens |
| Solvents | Solvents -> Chlorinated Aliphatics |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Gibbs energy |
| 農薬 | Pesticide -> EPA IRISAgrochemicals -> Pesticide active substancesActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approvedVolatile Organic Compound (VOC) (Pesticide/Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)) |
| LogP（分配係数） | log Kow = 2.832.64 |
| 臭い | SweetCharacteristic, ether-like odorSweetish, distinctive odorCharacteristic non-irritant odor140 ～ 584ppm (平均 = 252ppm) で検出された、エーテルのような甘い刺激臭 |
| 密度 | 1.59 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink1.5940 g/cu cm at 20 °CSaturated liquid density: 99.080 lb/cu ftliquid heat capacity: 0.219 Btu/lb °Fliquid viscosity: 0.922 centipoiseideal gas heat capacity: 0.130 Btu/lb °F (all at 75 °F)Liquid thermal conductivity: 0.690 Btu-inch/hr-sq ft °Fsaturated vapor pressure: 1.874 lb/sq insaturated vapor density: 0.05069 lb/cu ft (all at 70 °F)Relative density (water = 1): 1.59 (20 °C)1.594 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Viscosity | 2.03X10-3 Pa.s at 250.00 K2.03 mPa*s at -23 °C |
| Color/Form | LiquidColorless, clear, heavy liquidColorless liquid |
| 溶解度 | less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)In water, 793 mg/L at 25 °CIn water, 1160 mg/L at 25 °C, 800 mg/L at 20 °CMiscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether, oilsSoluble in ethanol, acetonemiscible with ethyl ether, benzene, chloroformSoluble in naphthaエタノール、ベンゼン、クロロホルム、エーテル、二硫化炭素 (US EPA, 1985)、石油エーテル、溶剤ナフサ、揮発性油 (Yoshida et al., 1983a) と混和する。0.8g/L(20℃) |
| Corrosivity | Liquid carbon tetrachloride attacks some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings. |
| Endocrine Disruptors | Potential endocrine disrupting compound |
| 融点 | -23 °C |
| 沸点 | 76-77 °C(lit.) |
| 蒸気密度 | 5.32 (vs air) |
| 蒸気圧 | 4.05 psi ( 20 °C) |
| 屈折率 | n20/D 1.460(lit.) |
| 引火点 | −2 °F |
| 貯蔵条件 | 2-8°C |
| 外観・状態 | 液体 |
| 色 | 無色透明 |
| 臭気閾値 | 4.6ppm |
| 由来生物 | rat |
| 比熱容量 | Cp(liquid): 0.85 J/(g·K)Cp(gas): 0.54 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 13,1826 |
| BRN | 1098295 |
| ヘンリー定数 | 2.15 at 30 °C (headspace-GC, Sanz et al., 1997) |
| 誘電率 | 2.2(20℃) |
| InChIKey | VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| LogP（分配係数） | 2.830 |
| 表面張力 | 26.95mN/m at 20°C |
| CAS データベース | 56-23-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NISTの化学物質情報 | Carbon tetrachloride(56-23-5) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Carbon tetrachloride (56-23-5) |
化学的特性
Carbon tetrachloride, CC14, also known as tetrachloromethane, perchloro methane, and benzinoform, is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 77 °C (170 OF). It is used as a solvent for lacquers, resin, and rubbers,and as a dry cleaning agent.
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | DangerH301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, P501, and P502 (click each P-code to see the statement)H301+H311+H331 (34.4%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oralacute toxicity, dermalacute toxicity, inhalation]P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, P501, and P502 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Chemical: Methane, tetrachloro-Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityCardiovascular ToxicityDevelopmental ToxicityHepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityNephrotoxicity and Other Toxicity to the Urinary SystemNeurotoxicityReproductive ToxicityMethane, tetrachloro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Methane, tetrachloro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 02-02-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14940Carbon tetrachloride: HSNO Approval: HSR002930 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| その他の安全情報 | IMAP assessments - Methane, tetrachloro-: Environment tier II assessment |
| 輸送ラベル（DOT） | Poison |
| 火災危険 | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Forms poisonous phosgene gas when exposed to open flames.· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| 火災の可能性 | Not combustible, but reacts under fire conditions producing hydrochloric acid and phosgene. |
| 健康有害性 | Dizziness, incoordination, anesthesiamay be accompanied by nausea and liver damage. Kidney damage also occurs, often producing decrease or stopping of urinary output. (USCG, 1999)· Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. |
| 有害性の概要 | Carbon tetrachloride is a manufactured chemical that does not occur naturally. It is a clear liquid with a sweet smell that can be detected at low levels. It is also called carbon chloride, methane tetrachloride, perchloromethane, tetrachloroethane, or benziform. Carbon tetrachloride is most often found in the air as a colorless gas. It is not flammable and does not dissolve in water very easily. It was used in the production of refrigeration fluid and propellants for aerosol cans, as a pesticide, as a cleaning fluid and degreasing agent, in fire extinguishers, and in spot removers. Because of its harmful effects, these uses are now banned and it is only used in some industrial applications.Carbon tetrachloride may be found in both ambient outdoor and indoor air. The primary effects of carbon tetrachloride in humans are on the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system (CNS). Human symptoms of acute (short-term) inhalation and oral exposures to carbon tetrachloride include headache, weakness, lethargy, nausea, and vomiting. Acute exposures to higher levels and chronic (long-term) inhalation or oral exposure to carbon tetrachloride produces liver and kidney damage in humans. Human data on the carcinogenic effects of carbon tetrachloride are limited. Studies in animals have shown that ingestion of carbon tetrachloride increases the risk of liver cancer. EPA has classified carbon tetrachloride as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.May cause severe hepatic injury and secondary renal tubular necrosis. [LaDou, p. 553] Carbon tetrachloride is in the list of Some volatile substances which may be abused by inhalation published on the web site of the U.N. International Drug Control Programme, indicating its potential to cause narcosis in workers. |
| 輸送番号・ガイド（DOT） | 1846 151 |
| FDA 要件 | Carbon tetrachloride is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. |
| 反応性グループ | Halogenated Organic Compounds |
| UN 分類 | UN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Pack Group: II |
| Special Reports | DHHS/National Toxicology ProgramReport on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition: Carbon tetrachloride (November 2016). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Carbon tetrachloride (56-23-5) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of March 13, 2018: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/index-1.html]HHS/ATSDRToxicological Profile for Carbon tetrachloride (August 2005)[Available from, as of March 13, 2018: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/index.asp]USEPA/ECAOAtlas Document for: Carbon Tetrachloride (1981)NIOSHCriteria Document: Carbon Tetrachloride (1975) DHEW Pub No. NIOSH 76-133For more Special Reports (Complete) data for Carbon tetrachloride (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 消火 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
| 応急処置措置 | Remove immediately from exposure. Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer immediately for medical attention.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer immediately for medical attention. |
| 漏出応急措置 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. |
| 応急処置 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| 安全保管 | Well closed. Cool. Separated from food and feedstuffs and metals. See Chemical Dangers. Ventilation along the floor. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| 暴露管理・個人防護 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).0.5 [ppm] |
| 消火手順 | Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire.If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) |
| 保管条件 | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from alkali metals.Store in a secure poison location. Prior to working with carbon tetrachloride you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area. Carbon tetrachloride must be stored to avoid contact with chemically active metals, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium, since violent reactions occur. ... A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/ |
| 清掃方法 | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. Collect for reclamation or absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/Environmental considerations - Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products included corrosive or toxic vapors.For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Carbon tetrachloride (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 非火災時の漏出対応 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]: |
| 処分方法 | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U211 and D019, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubberContaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Carbon tetrachloride is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Preferably after mixing with another combustible fuelcare must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgenean acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Carbon tetrachloride (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 漏出処分 | Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| 毒性学的情報 | CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile |
| 体内負荷 | Carbon tetrachloride was detected, not quantified, in 5 of 6 samples of mother's milk in 4 urban sites - Pennsylvania - 1, New Jersey - 2, Louisiana - 1(1). Blood collected from workers exposed to carbon tetrachloride during the production of chlorinated rubbers for road paint in Italy contained a mean concentration of 3.3-6.5 ug/L carbon tetrachloride(2). 29.7% of 387 samples of expired air from 54 normal, healthy, non-smoking human subjects were found to be positive for carbon tetrachloride with a mean concentration of 1.4 ng/L(3). A USEPA TEAM study conducted in New Jersey in the fall of 1981 found a weighted median of 0.69 ug/cu m from 322 breath samples tested and found a weighted median of 0.17 ug/cu m in the summer of 1982 from 148 breath samples tested(4). Analysis of 55 breath samples, 23 blood samples, and 55 urine samples from workers exposed to carbon tetrachloride resulted in a mean concentration of 11.4 mg/cu m, 10.6 ug/L, and 1476 ng/L, respectively(5). A median personal concentration of 0.67 ug/cu m was reported for non-smoking teachers and non-manufacturing office workers as part of the Boston Exposure Assessment in Microenvironments (BEAM) study(6). Carbon tetrachloride was present at a mean concentration of 0.67 and 0.59 ug/cu m in 36 personal air winter and summer samples, respectively, from the West Central Harlem borough and in Palisades, NY (13 miles NW of Manhattan) of New York City sampled in winter and summer, 1999(7). |
| Cancer Sites | Endocrine[in animals: liver cancer] |
| 相互作用 | Concurrent treatment of mammals with carbon tetrachloride and ... DDT ... increases susceptibility (approx 10 fold) to carbon tetrachloride toxicity.Susceptibility to carbon tetrachloride poisoning is enhanced by ... /simultaneous/ use of alcohol ... poor nutritional status and perhaps ... calcium deficiency ...Substances, such as ethanol, that increase the activity of microsomal oxidative metabolism also increase carbon tetrachloride metabolism and thus cause increased carbon tetrachloride toxicity, as shown histologically and by biochemical changes in liver function.We examined the effects of isopropanol (ISOP) pretreatment on the metabolism of (14)CCl4 to (14)CO2 and CHCl3 exhaled in the breath, to (14)C metabolite excreted in 24 hr urine and feces from 0 to 24 hr, and to (14)C metabolite bound to liver at 24 hr. Fasted male rats were given 0.1 or 2.0 mmoles (14)CCl4/kg. ISOP pretreatment, which markedly enhanced the hepatotoxicity of CCl4, selectively enhanced the rate and total extent of (14)CO2 and CHCl3 metabolite exhalation. The pathways of CCl4 metabolism leading to CO2 and CHCl3 metabolite formation may be more relevant to the hepatotoxicity of CCl4 than the pathways leading to urinary, fecal or covalently bound metabolites.For more Interactions (Complete) data for Carbon tetrachloride (51 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 標的器官 | Cancer, Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys)central nervous system, eyes, lungs, liver, kidneys, skin |
| 健康影響 | High exposure to carbon tetrachloride can cause liver, kidney, and central nervous system damage. Single cell necrosis, which is evident after 5h to 6h after dosing, progresses to maximal centrilobular necrosis within 24h to 48h. Cellular regeneration is maximal 36h to 48h after dosing. The rate and extent of tissue repair are important determinants of the ultimate outcome of liver injury. In severe cases, coma and even death may occur. (T10, L129) |
| 生態毒性値 | LC50Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill)Conditions: static (unmeasured)Concentration: 125,000 ug/L for 96 hrSpecies: /Lepomis macrochirus/ (Bluegill)Concentration: 27 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence limit: 23-33 mg/L) and 38 mg/L for 24 hr at 21-23 °C /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/Species: Menidia beryllina (tidewater silverside)Conditions: /static, unmeasured bioassay/Concentration: 150,000 ug/L for 96 hrEC50Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green Algae) 15000 cells/mLConditions: freshwater, static, 24 °CConcentration: 23590 ug/L for 48 hrEffect: decreased population growth rateFor more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Carbon tetrachloride (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 環境中動態 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 71(2) indicates that carbon tetrachloride is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of carbon tetrachloride from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.76X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(3). The potential for volatilization of carbon tetrachloride from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 115 mm Hg(4). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(5) indicating that aerobic biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). However, under methanogenic conditions, incubation of carbon tetrachloride in leachate samples from eight full scale landfills resulted in >90 to 100% degradation within 50 days(6) indicating that anaerobic biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). However, under methanogenic conditions, incubation of carbon tetrachloride in leachate samples from eight full scale landfills resulted in >90 to 100% degradation within 50 days. A field experiment conducted in a sand aquifer resulted in carbon tetrachloride degradation, with a half-life of 3-7 days via sulfate reduction(7).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 71(2) indicates that carbon tetrachloride is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.76X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), a BCF of 3.2-7.4(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(6) indicating that aerobic biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), carbon tetrachloride, which has a vapor pressure of 115 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase carbon tetrachloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)a reaction rate constant of 1.20X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) and half-life of >330 years(4) have been reported. Carbon tetrachloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Carbon tetrachloride is very stable in the troposphere with residence times of 30-50 years. Its main loss mechanism is diffusion to the stratosphere where it photolyzes. It is estimated that <1% of the carbon tetrachloride released to the air is partitioned into the oceans(6). |
| 食品調査値 | Carbon tetrachloride was detected at a range of 3-18 ng/g in fats, fruits and vegetables, meat, tea and bread with oils and fats being at the high end of range (16-18 ng/g)(1). Possible residues in grain products measured at 50 ppm (raw cereals), 10 ppm (milled cereals), and 0.05 ppm (cooked cereal products)(2). 7 samples of grains had a residual range of 2.9-20.1 ppm(3). Residues detected in grains (wheat, corn, oats) ranged between 0.003-49 ppm and intermediate grain-based foods (corn muffin mix, cake mix, flour, etc) ranged between 0.0-100 ppb(4). A variety of table ready food items detected for carbon tetrachloride are as follows: chocolate chip cookies - 1.3 ppbplain granola - 3.4 ppbbutter - 6 ppbcheddar cheese - 1.1 ppbpeanut butter - 0.44 ppbevaporated milk - 0.10 ppbboiled green peas - 0.18 ppbfried, breaded shrimp - 0.88 ppbcooked pork sausage - 0.44 ppband frozen fried chicken dinner - 0.76 ppb(5).Carbon tetrachloride was detected in the following foods(1):[Table#117] |
| 有害作用 | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome |
| 暴露経路 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactOral (L129)inhalation (L129)dermal (L129) |
| Milk Concentrations | Carbon tetrachloride was detected, not quantified, in 5 of 6 samples of mother's milk in 4 urban sites - Pennsylvania - 1, New Jersey - 2, Louisiana - 1(1).The compound was detected at a concentration of 3 ppm in milk from cows treated with veterinary medication containing carbon tetrachloride(1). |
| RCRA 要件 | D019A solid waste containing carbon tetrachloride may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.U211As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when carbon tetrachloride, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). |
| FIFRA 要件 | Cancelled, all products. Criteria of Concernoncogenicity, toxic effect on liver and kidneys. Reference: 51 FR 4104 Nov 12, 1986. FIFRA Sec. 3 registration cancelled for nonpayment of 1989 maintenance fee, October 12, 1989. |
| 大気基準 | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Carbon tetrachloride is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Carbon tetrachloride is included on this list.Carbon tetrachloride has been designated as a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of the Clean Air Act. |
| CERCLA 報告数量 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| 清浄水法要件 | Carbon tetrachloride is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. |
| State Drinking Water Standards | (CA) CALIFORNIA 0.5 ug/L(FL) FLORIDA 3 ug/L(NJ) NEW JERSEY 2 ug/L |
| 州飲料水ガイドライン | (AZ) ARIZONA 0.27 ug/L(CT) CONNECTICUT 5 ug/L(ME) MAINE 3.0 ug/L(MN) MINNESOTA 3 ug/L |
| Federal Drinking Water Standards | Maximum contaminant levels (MCL) for organic contaminants apply to community and non-transient, non-community water systems: carbon tetrachloride, MCL 0.005 mg/L.EPA 5 ug/L |
| 連邦飲料水ガイドライン | The maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) for the following organic contaminant is zero mg/L: carbon tetrachloride. |
| F | 8-9 |
| 職業暴露限界（OEL） | STEL: 2 ppm (12.6 mg/m3) [60-minute] |
| 水環境危害等級（WGK） | 3 |
| 生命健康即時危険濃度 | 200 ppm |
| TSCA 収載状態 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 番号 | FG4900000 |
| 輸送番号（UN） | UN 1846 |
| 毒性 | LC50 for mice: 9528 ppm (Svirbely)LD50 in rats, mice, dogs (g/kg): 2.92, 12.1-14.4, 2.3 orallyLD50 in mice (g/kg): 4.1 i.p., 30.4 s.c. (IARC, 1979) |
| PRTR法 | 第1種指定化学物質 |
| 税関コード | 29031400 |
| 危険文句（R） | 23/24/25-40-48/23-52/53-59-39/23/24/25-11-43 |
| 化審法 | 第2種特定化学物質 |
| 安衛法 | 有機溶剤中毒予防規則:第2種有機溶剤,57,57-2 |
| 消防法 | 危-4-AL-S-II |
| 危険表示 | T,N,F |
| 安全措置（S） | 23-36/37-45-59-61-16-7 |
| 危険等級 | 6.1 |
| 包装等級 | II |
| 毒劇物取締法 | II |
| 特定化学物質 | 特38-322 |
| 環境リスク評価 | 四塩化炭素(56-23-5) |
| 貯蔵分類 | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| 有害物質データ | 56-23-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
用途
解説
四塩化炭素，テトラクロロメタンともいう．二硫化炭素に適当な触媒の存在下で30 ℃ で塩素を作用させ，生成物を蒸留精製すると得られる．メタンを塩素化しても得られる．分子は四面体構造．特有の臭いをもつ無色の重い液体．融点－23 ℃，沸点76.7 ℃．密度1.63 g cm－3．n20D 1.4607．水に対する溶解度は0.08質量％(20 ℃)．エタノール，エーテル，ベンゼン，クロロホルム，石油エーテルとまざる．酸，塩基に対して安定である．五フッ化アンチモンなどを触媒としてフッ化水素を作用させるとフロンを生じる．ヨウ素，脂肪，タールなどの各種有機物を溶解する．引火性はない．溶剤，ドライクリーニング，殺虫剤，赤外吸収スペクトル測定用溶媒，キレート抽出用溶媒などに用いられる．
用途
油のための溶剤、油脂、ラッカー、ニス、ゴム、ワックス、樹脂、駆虫剤。かつてはドライクリーニング剤、消化剤、燻蒸剤としても使用されていた。
用途
水中の油分抽出用。過去には、消火剤、フロンガスなどの冷媒の原料、エアゾル用噴射剤、金属洗浄溶剤、殺虫剤、ワックス樹脂の製造、変圧器のスイッチ油、ホスゲン原料、農薬原料等の用途があった。現在は試験研究・分析用途等のエッセンシャルユースのみに限られている。
説明
Carbon tetrachloride is a manufactured chemical and does not occur naturally in the environment. It is produced by chlorination of a variety of low molecular weight hydrocarbons such as carbon disulfide, methane, ethane, propane, or ethylene dichloride and also by thermal chlorination of methyl chloride. Carbon tetrachloride is a precursor for chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases that have been used as aerosol propellant. A decrease in this use is occurring due to the agreement reached in the Montreal Protocol for the reduction of environmental concentrations of ozone-depleting chemicals, including carbon tetrachloride.
来歴
In the 1890s, commercial manufacturing processes were being investigated by the United Alkali Co. in England. At the same time it was also produced in Germany, exported to the United States, and retailed as a spotting agent under the trade name Carbona. Large-scale production of carbon tetrachloride in the United States commenced in the early 1900s. By 1914, annual production fell just short of 4500 metric tons and was used primarily for dry cleaning and for charging fire extinguishers. During World War I, U.S. production of carbon tetrachloride expanded greatly; its use was extended to grain fumigation and the rubber industry. In 1934 it was supplanted as the predominant dry-cleaning agent in the United States by perchloroethylene, which is much less toxic and more stable. During the years immediately preceding World War II, trichloroethylene began to displace carbon tetrachloride from its then extensive market in the United States as a metal degreasing solvent. Carbon tetrachloride is more difficult to recover from degreasing operations, more readily hydrolyzed, and more toxic than trichloroethylene C2HCl3. The demands of World War II stimulated production and marked the beginning of its use as the starting material for chlorofluoromethanes, by far the most important application for carbon tetrachloride.
使用
Carbon tetrachloride is used as a solvent, infire extinguishers, in dry cleaning, and in themanufacture of fluorocarbon propellents.As solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, resins; starting material in manufacture of organic Compounds. Pharmaceutic aid (solvent).
一般的な説明
Carbon tetrachloride appears as a clear colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. Denser than water (13.2 lb / gal) and insoluble in water. Noncombustible. May cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption and/or ingestion. Used as a solvent, in the manufacture of other chemicals, as an agricultural fumigant, and for many other uses.
製法・合成法
調製方法
Carbon tetrachloride is made by the reaction of carbon disulfide and chlorine in the presence of a catalyst, such as iron or antimony pentachloride: CS2 + 3Cl2 → CCl4 + S2Cl2 Sulfur chloride is removed by treatment with caustic soda solution. The product is purified by distillation. Alternatively, CCl4 may be prepared by heating a mixture of chlorine and methane at 250 to 400°C. CH4 + 4Cl2 → CCl4 + 4HCl
合成方法
メタンと塩素の反応，塩素化プロパン法，メタノール法，二硫化炭素法