2-(トリクロロメチルチオ)-2H-イソインドール-1,3-ジオン

Pesticide -> EPA IRIS

Agrochemicals -> Pesticide active substances

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Approved

Pesticides -> Fungicides

Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)

Fungicides

log Kow = 2.85

2.85

2.85

3.11

Crystals from benzene

Light colored powder

Colorless crystals

White crystals

In carbon tetrachloride 6, toluene 26, methanol 3 (all in g/L at 25 °C)

Slightly soluble in organic solvents.

87 g/L chloroform; 22 g/L benzene; 12.5 g/L isopropanol

In water, 0.8 mg/L at room temperature

0.0008 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water: none

177 °C

177 °C

177 °C

0.00000016 [mmHg]

2.1X10-2 mPa /1.57X10-7 mm Hg/ at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C:

Warning

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P203, P261, P264+P265, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P321, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Warning

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P203, P261, P264+P265, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P321, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: 1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, 2-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 (amended)

Folpet is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)

07/5/EC, Reg. (EU) 2020/869, Reg. (EU) 2021/745, Reg. (EU) 2022/708, Reg. (EU) 2023/918, Reg. (EU) 2024/2198, Reg. (EU) No 2019/707, Reg.(EU) No 2018/917, Reg.(EU) No 540/2011

Folpet: HSNO Approval: HSR002854 Approved with controls

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

Combustible under specific conditions. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

A skin sensitizer in guinea pigs; Sensitization not reported in humans despite wide-scale use; TLV Basis is liver damage and body weight effects; [ACGIH] The thiophthalimides include captan, captafol, and folpet. No systemic poisonings in humans have been reported. [EPA Pesticides] An eye irritant; May cause skin sensitization; Can be absorbed through skin; [ICSC] Rapidly forms the short-lived and highly reactive metabolite thiophosgene in the presence of thiols in tissue and blood; [Reference #2] Birth defects observed at very high doses in one study of hamsters, although negative results seen in studies of mice, rats, rabbits, and monkeys; [REPROTOX] A severe eye irritant and skin sensitizer; No evidence of toxicity to fertility or reproduction in a 2-generation study of rats, but teratogenic effects observed in rabbits; Not genotoxic in vivo but carcinogenic in mice; [EFSA]

USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Folpet, EPA 738-R-99-011 (November 1999). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of January 26, 2012: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

Toxicology Review: Mutation Research 32 (1): 3 (1975)

Tolerances are established for the fungicide folpet (N-(trichloromethylthio)phthalimide) in or on raw agricultural commodities as follows: [Table#4123]

Tolerances with regional registrations as defined in part 180.1(l) are established for the fungicide folpet ( N -(trichloromethylthio)phthalimide) in or on the following raw agricultural commodity: Avocado.

Based on the reviews of the generic data for the active ingredient folpet, the Agency has sufficient information on the health effects of folpet and on its potential for causing adverse effects in fish, wildlife, and the environment. The Agency has determined that folpet products, labeled and used as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document, will not pose unreasonable risks of adverse effects to humans or the environment. Therefore, the Agency concludes that products containing folpet for use on Florida avocados and for use in sealants and coatings (such as caulking, paints, and stains) are eligible for reregistration.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Folpet is found on List A, which contains most pesticides that are used on foods and, hence, have a high potential for human exposure. List A consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA '88. Case No: 0630; Pesticide type: fungicide; Registration Standard Date: 06/30/87; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): folpet; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 01/11/93, 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Extinguishing Media: In case of small fire: foam or dry chemical, carbon dioxide. In case of large fire: water spray, fog or regular foam. /Folpan 80 WDG Fungicide/

Firefighters should wear suitable protective clothing. Self-contained breathing apparatus. Fight fires from a protected location. Dike fire control water for later disposal. /Folpan 80 WDG Fungicide/

Store in dry place at ambient or lower temperatures.

Store in a cool, dry ventilated place. Protect from excessive heat. Keep locked up. Keep containers tightly closed. Keep only in the original container in ... Keep containers dry. To prevent contamination, store this product away from food or feed. Keep away from heat, fire and sparks.. /Folpan 80 WDG Fungicide/

Safe Storage of Pesticides. Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies. Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water, or surface water. /Residential users/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of rinsate. /Folpan 80 WDG Fungicide/

If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label./Residential users/

After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide..To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash. /Residential users/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: For large amt, incineration in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing is recommendable. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them. If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal. /Residential users/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for FOLPET (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: protective gloves and chemical protection suit. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. /Folpan 80 WDG Fungicide/

Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted entry interval (REI) of 24 hours. /Folpan 80 WDG Fungicide/

/Restricted-entry interval (REI) of 24 hours./ PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated such as plants, soil, or water, is: Protective eyewear such as safety glasses, goggles, or face shield; Coveralls over short-sleeved shirt and short pants; Chemical-resistant gloves; and Chemical-resistant footwear plus socks. /Folpan 80 WDG Fungicide/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for FOLPET (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Of nine domiciles located in Jacksonville, FL monitored for folpet in respiratory air during August, 1985, folpet was qualitatively identified in 4 domiciles(1). Personal exposure air samples taken on two separate days from a household located in an area of high pesticide use contained folpet concentrations of 0.19 and 0.023 ug/cu m, respectively(1). Of 248 households located in Jacksonville, FL monitored for personal air in the summer of 1986, the spring of 1987, and the winter of 1988, folpet was quantitatively identified in 2% (0.4 ng/cu m weighted mean concentration), 2% (0.4 ng/cu m weighted mean concentration), and 2% (0.8 ng/cu m weighted mean concentration) of all households sampled, respectively(2). Of 128 households located in Springfield/Chicopee, MA monitored for personal air in the spring of 1987 and the winter of 1988, folpet was quantitatively identified in 2% (0.7 ng/cu m weighted mean concentration) and less than 1% of all households sampled, respectively(2).

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck) juvenile; diet >5000 ppm for 8 days

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) male, 3-4 month old; oral >2000 mg/kg /purity 92.4%/

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail) juvenile; diet >5000 ppm for 8 days

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail) age >16 wk; oral via capsule >2510 mg/kg

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for FOLPET (56 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc range of 7.47 to 21.9(2), indicates that folpet is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of folpet from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.7X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 1.57X10-7 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 0.8 mg/L(3). Folpet is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Soil metabolism studies report degradation half-lives of 2.4-2.5 days under aerobic conditions and <7-15 days under anaerobic conditions(2), suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc range of 7.47 to 21.9(2), indicates that folpet is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.7X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.57X10-7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.8 mg/L(4). According to a classification scheme(5), a BCF of range of 19 to 81(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2012).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), folpet, which has a vapor pressure of 1.57X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase folpet is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase folpet may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). The UV spectrum of folpet in hexane shows no absorbance at wavelengths above 300 nm(4), and therefore folpet is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

6,391 domestic agricultural commodities were tested by surveillance sampling at the U.S. Food and Drugs Administration's Los Angeles District Laboratory from 10/1/81 to 9/30/86. Folpet residues were found in 24, 15, 57, 46, 31, and 28 of 6,391 commodities tested in concentration ranges of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and greater than 2.0 ppm, respectively. 12,044 imported agricultural commodities tested by surveillance sampling at the U.S. Food and Drugs Administration's Los Angeles District Laboratory from 10/1/81 to 9/30/86. Folpet residues were 1, 1, 2, 1, and 13 of the 12,044 commodites tested in concentration ranges of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 2.0, and greater than 2.0 ppm, respectively. 177 domestic agricultural commodities were tested by compliance sampling at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Los Angeles District Laboratory from 10/1/81 to 9/30/86. Folpet residues were found in 5 and 1 findings in concentration ranges of 0.05 and 0.5 ppm, respectively. 1,239 imported agricultural commodities were tested by compliance sampling at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Los Angeles District Laboratory from 10/1/81 to 9/30/86. Folpet residues were found in 1, 1, and 1 of 1,239 commodities tested in concentration ranges of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ppm, respectively(1).

Pesticide residue findings for food products tested by 10 state food laboratories for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration during fiscal year 1988 were 108 findings out of 13,980 samples(1). Pesticide residue findings for food products tested by 10 state food laboratories for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration during fiscal year 1989 were 27 findings out of 13,085 samples(1). Folpet was qualitatively found as residue in samples tested during the Food and Drug Administration pesticide residue monitoring of various food samples during the test period of 1978-1982(2), during the test period of 1983-1986(3), during the test period of 1988-1989(4), and during the test period of 1989-1990(5).

In 1992-1993, domestic and imported pears and tomatoes were tested by the Food and Drug Administration in a statistically based study of pesticide residues. Folpet was not detected in samples of 710 domestic pears, 949 imported pears, and 1219 domestic tomatoes. Folpet was detected in 3 out of 144 samples of imported tomatoes, with a maximum level found of 0.11 ppm(1). In a compilation of monitoring data compiled through the US Food and Drug Administration's Market Basket Studies for the years 1982-1991, folpet was detected in 3 of 234 ready-to-eat food items that were tested. The average levels detected were 10.5 ng/g, 14.0 ng/g, and 225 ng/g in fresh grapes, plums, and strawberries, respectively(2). 109 of 2338 samples of Ontario, Canada-produced fruits and vegetables, collected between 1991 to 1995 contained folpet, at concentrations from <0.01 to >10 ug/g, a 4.7% detection frequency; 4 of the 109 samples where this compound was detected had concentrations of folpet which were sufficient to violate maximum residue limits set by Health Canada(3). Sampling from January 1994 through December 2001 of Sao Paulo, Brazil-produced fruits (1523) and vegetables (700) revealed folpet concentrations from 0.02 to 7.53 mg/kg (mean 0.82 mg/kg); 2 of the 77 samples where this compound was detected had concentrations of folpet which were sufficient to violate maximum residue limits(4).

Using monitoring data from the FDA's Market Basket Survey during the period of 1988-89, the AVDI in 6-11 month old infants, 14-16 year old males and 60-65 year old females was 0.4, 0.2, and 0.5 ng/kg-body weight/day, respectively(1). Using monitoring data from the FDA's Market Basket Survey during the period of 1989-90, the AVDI in 6-11 month old infants, 14-16 year old males and 60-65 year old females was 0.1, 0.1, and less than 0.1 ng/kg-body weight/day, respectively(2). Using monitoring data from the FDA's Market Basket Survey during the period of 1986-91, the AVDI in 6-11 month old infants, 14-16 year old males and 60-65 year old females was 1.8, 0.7, and 2.0 ng/kg-body weight/day, respectively(3).

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Acute oral toxicity in male mallards/: only signs seen were mild ataxia and wings crossed high over back for up to 18 days. Slight weight losses occurred.

/PLANTS/ Non-phytotoxic, except to sweet cherries and the D'Anjou variety of pears. Russetting is possible in sensitive apple varieties if applied early in cropping.

In Dade County, FL, five foliar applications of folpet (50WP) at 3 lb ai/acre/application were applied to avocados. Following the final application, triplicate samples of avocados were collected at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post treatment. Folpet residues at day 1 were 0.101-0.183 ppm and declined to <0.05-0.066 ppm by day 28. The maximum folpet residue (0.356 ppm) was found in the day 3 sample(1).

Dry skin.

Redness.

Tolerances are established for the fungicide folpet (N-(trichloromethylthio)phthalimide) in or on raw agricultural commodities as follows: [Table#4123]

Tolerances with regional registrations as defined in part 180.1(l) are established for the fungicide folpet ( N -(trichloromethylthio)phthalimide) in or on the following raw agricultural commodity: Avocado.

Based on the reviews of the generic data for the active ingredient folpet, the Agency has sufficient information on the health effects of folpet and on its potential for causing adverse effects in fish, wildlife, and the environment. The Agency has determined that folpet products, labeled and used as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document, will not pose unreasonable risks of adverse effects to humans or the environment. Therefore, the Agency concludes that products containing folpet for use on Florida avocados and for use in sealants and coatings (such as caulking, paints, and stains) are eligible for reregistration.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Folpet is found on List A, which contains most pesticides that are used on foods and, hence, have a high potential for human exposure. List A consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA '88. Case No: 0630; Pesticide type: fungicide; Registration Standard Date: 06/30/87; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): folpet; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 01/11/93, 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

Both folpet and captan appear to exert toxicity via the reaction of thiophosgene with the gastrointestinal tract. A more thorough review has been conducted on the mechanistic studies submitted for the related fungicide, captan. For captan, the Agency has concluded that thiophosgene is most likely implicated in the duodenal tumors, although its exact mode of action is unclear and a genotoxic component cannot be ruled out.

It is reported that in rodents treated orally, folpet is rapidly degraded to phthalimide and thiophosgene (via thiocarbonyl chloride). Studies of metabolism in vitro with human blood revealed that folpet is rapidly degraded to phthalimide, with a calculated half-life of 4.9 s. Thiophosgene is rapidly detoxified by reaction with cysteine or glutathione, for example, and is ultimately rapidly excreted.

... Folpet is extensively altered in mammalian and avian systems through a combination of enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic chemical reactions. Two complemetry processes, hydrolysis and thiol interactions, initially split the fungicide into /its/ imide ring and trichloromethylthio complex. Subsequent reactions, some of which may be enzymatic, produce a series of imide-based degradates and thiophosgene-mediated products. The reactions are rapid and nearly all material is eliminated from the animal within 24-48 hr; there is no accumulation of either imide or side chain.

Following dosing of /livestock with/ (14)C-benzene-labeled folpet, most of the radioactivity was excreted in urine and feces. ... Analysis of radioactivity in tissue and milk samples showed the presence of phthalamic acid and phthalimide. The results of the ruminant metabolism study suggest that folpet is degraded by loss of the one carbon trichloromethyl moiety. This part of the molecule becomes extensively metabolized and the radiolabeled carbon becomes incorporated into thiazolidine and natural products. The remaining phenyl labeled part of the molecule is mostly metabolized to phthalimide and phthalamic acid.

In a comparative metabolic fate and biochemical effects study, both rats and mice each received a single oral gavage dose of (14)C-labeled folpet. ... No breakdown of the compound by cleavage of the trichloromethylthio side chain (where the (14)C label was positioned) was apparent in either the rat or mouse. The contents of sections of the intestinal tract contained primarily reaction products of thiophosgene. ... The metabolites identified in the contents of the intestine and in the walls were glutathione conjugates of thiophosgene, partially degraded derivatives of the conjugate, thiazolidine and a disulfonic acid.

For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for FOLPET (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A study with (14)C-folpet 50 WP in rats indicated a systemic absorption of 0.27% per hour (6.5% in 24 hr). This calculation was based on a least square analysis of 24 hr urinary excretion at dose levels of 49, 460, and 4800 ug/sq cm (13.2, 3.5, and 1.3% respectively ), matching the excretion to the approximate dermal exposure of 2400 ug/sq cm, based on the 50WP formulation concentration. There was rapid uptake of folpet into the skin and 95 and 94% for dose levels 4800 and 460 ug/sq cm, respectively, were retained there at 24 Hr. The amount still in the skin after 24 hr for the low dose was approximately 85% of the applied dose.

In a comparative metabolic fate and biochemical effects study, both rats and mice each received a single oral gavage dose of (14)C-labeled folpet. Two hours after dosing, the majority of the radioactivity in the contents of the gastrointestinal tract at the high dose was in the stomach as unchanged folpet. ... Unchanged folpet was present in the cecum of mice, but not rats, at the highest dose indicating that this dose was close to the animal's maximum capacity to degrade folpet. The pulse dose passed through the gastrointestinal tract of the mouse more rapidly than did the dose in rats. ... Radioactivity was rapidly excreted by all routes with most of the dose of (14)C eliminated within 24 hours.

An oral metabolism study was conducted in Sprague Dawley rats. Folpet was readily and extensively absorbed and rapidly excreted in the urine. There was no accumulation of folpet detected during the 5 days after dosing. The major fecal metabolite was phthalamic acid

A dermal absorption study in rats indicates folpet is minimally absorbed. An absorption of 2.7% over 72 hours exposure was determined for folpet.

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for FOLPET (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Primarily used as an agricultural fungicide, but some industrial uses (paints and plastics); [ACGIH] The thiophthalimides are widely used fungicides on seeds, field crops, and stored produce; [EPA Pesticides] Used as a biocide in paints; [Adams, p. 475] Used in the USA as a pesticide on avocados and as a wood preservative; used in Europe on grapes; [Zainal h, Shane S, Que H. Flopet Permeation Through Nitrile Gloves. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2003;18:658-668] Used in the US as fungicide for avocados, paints, caulking compounds, and wood treatments; [Reference #2] Used in the EU as fungicide for winter wheat, tomatoes, and wine grapes; [EFSA]

Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint]

For Folpet (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 081601) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Broad spectrum contact fungicide that is effective against a fairly wide range of fungi that cause plant diseases. It acts by inhibiting fungal mycelial growth, but does not eradicate established fungal infection.

Folpet is used as a foliar fungicide on grapevines, fruit trees, and vegetables ...

Control of downy mildews, powdery mildews, leaf spot diseases, scab, excoriosis, black rot, white rot, Gleosporium rots, Botrytis, Alternaria, Phythium and Rhizoctonia spp ...

Folpet is produced by reaction of the potassium salt of phthalimide with trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride in organic solvents.

Synthesized commerically by the reaction of perchloromethylmercaptan with sodiumphthalimide in a cold aqueous system.

Produced by the reaction of potassium salt of phthalimide with trichloromethansulfenyl chloride in organic solvents.

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 081601; Trade Names: Phaltan; Folpan; Folpex.

Dusts, flowable, wettable granule, wettable powder.

Premix Partners: Benalaxyl; benalaxyl-M; Copper hydroxide; Copper sulfate; Cymoxanil; Dimethomorph; Fosetyl-aluminum; Mancozeb; Metalaxyl-M; Oxadixyl; Prochloraz; Propioconazole; Triadimenol; Valifenalate.

Technical grade: 88%. Liquid ready-to-use 0.3 to 0.7%; wettable powder 44 to 50%.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for FOLPET (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fungicides

Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)

FUNGICIDES

1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, 2-[(trichloromethyl)thio]-: ACTIVE

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies folpet as unlikely to present an acute hazard in normal use; Main Use: fungicide, other than for seed treatment.

Incompatible with strongly alkaline materials.