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Agrochemicals -> Pesticide active substances

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Approved

Pesticides -> Fungicides

Unpleasant smell of hydrogen sulfide

Rotten egg odor

1.28 @ 15.6 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.28

Soluble in water

CA POLYSULFIDE DECOMP IN WATER ON CONTACT WITH A GAS (ATM AIR OR CO2) AND REACTS WITH HEAVY METALS. THE HEAVY METALS ARE REMOVED AS PRACTICALLY INSOL PRECIPITATES.

Solubility in water: miscible

Liquid

A solution made from lime, sulfur, and water containing calcium polysulfide, free sulfur, and calcium thiosulfate; [Hawley] Orange liquid with odor of rotten eggs; [ICSC] Deep red orange liquid; [MSDSonline]

ORANGE LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR OF ROTTEN EGGS.

Warning

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Warning

H302 (25%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Commission Regulation (EC) No 33/2008

Calcium sulfide (Ca(Sx)) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Calcium sulfide (Ca(Sx)) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

2011/43/EU, Reg. (EU) 2024/1206, Reg. (EU) No 2018/1266, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011, Reg. (EU)2020/2007

REACH registered substance: Calcium sulfide (Ca(Sx)) (EC: 215-709-2)

Calcium polysulfide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; May effect cellular respiration causing convulsions and unconsciousness; [ICSC] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [eChemPortal: ESIS] In human poisoning cases at doses >562-891 mg/kg, caused muscle weakness, metabolic acidosis, and coma; [RTECS] In human poisoning cases, caused burns to the upper GI tract, liver and kidney injury, metabolic acidosis, and coma; [HSDB] An irritant; May cause burns or permanent damage to skin and eyes; [MSDSonline]

Acute Tox. 4 (25%)

Eye irritation - category 2

STOT SE 3

Fresh air, rest. No mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. NO mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Refer for medical attention .

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Lime salts/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Lime salts/

Personnel protection: Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. /Lime salts/

Sore throat. Cough. Dizziness. Headache. Laboured breathing. Unconsciousness.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation. Abdominal cramps. Nausea. Diarrhoea. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.

INGESTION OF CALCIUM POLYSULFIDE BY A 22 YR OLD STUDENT WAS AS FOLLOWS: ERODED CONJUNCTIVA; AND POSTMORTEM HYPOSTASIS OF DARK BLOOD. FINDINGS @ AUTOPSY: SOMEWHAT DARK & SLIGHTLY THICK BLOOD IN HEART; CONSPICUOUS EDEMA & EXTENSIVE HEMORRHAGE IN LUNGS; DARKENING OF LIVER, PANCREAS, KIDNEY, & BRAIN; ERODED & MODERATELY INDURATED MUCOSA OF LARYNGOPHARYNX, TRACHEA, BRONCHIOLES, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, & UPPER PART OF SMALL INTESTINE; YELLOWISH WHITE EROSION & COAGULATION OF SURFACE OF LIVER & INTESTINE. METHEMOGLOBIN SULFIDE WAS DETECTED IN BLOOD IN HEART. VACUOLAR DENATURATIONS OF HEART MUSCLE, EDEMA & HEMORRHAGE OF LUNG, & CENTRAL FATTY DENATURATION OF LIVER.

Calcium polysulfide or lime-sulfur solution is a common agricultural product used as a fungicide. Despite its easy availability, only two prior cases of intentional ingestion, both from Japan, have been reported in the literature. Two cases of calcium polysulfide ingestion are presented. In the first case severe acidosis, coma and cardiac arrest occurred. Despite aggressive supportive therapy, the patient expired. Autopsy examination revealed hemorrhagic necrosis of the gastric mucosa. The second patient also exhibited altered mental status and metabolic acidosis. He experienced liver dysfunction, rhabdomyolysis, renal dysfunction, and aspiration pneumonia. He had endoscopically proven esophageal and gastric mucosal burns which developed into esophageal strictures. Calcium polysulfide ingestions cause direct caustic injury to the upper gastrointestinal tract, coma and severe metabolic acidosis.

A fatal case of lime-sulfur poisoning is reported in which a 60 year old female committed suicide by taking orally lime sulfur, 100-200 ml (at least). Immmediately after the intake, she collapsed and died. The main autopsy findings were as follows: Macroscopically, the postmortem lividity was greenish gray red in color, and white remains like powder were found in the mouth and nose. The sulfurous smell was noted when the abdominal cavity was opened. The stomach was perforated and dark brown fluid (about 300 ml) was observed in the abdominal cavity. The esophageal mucosa was detached from the submucosal layer, and the stomach become firm like leather with marked erosion of the mucosa. Histopathologically, every organ, especially the lung, showed marked congestion. The esophageal mucosa except the basal layer desquamated due to liquefactive necrosis. In the stomach, there were severe hemorrhage in the entire wall and liquefactive necrosis of the mucosae with marked deposition of humerous calcium granules which were noted as small round particles stained with hematoxylin.

Phytotoxic to sulfur-sensitive plants (apricots, raspberries, cucurbits, etc.)

From 72 to 96% of the ascospores within cleistothecia of Uncinula necator were killed in the spring when exposed to lime sulfur (calcium polysulfide), copper sulfate, copper hydroxide, or copper oxychloride for 5 min in laboratory assays. Dinocap reduced viability in the same assay when the exposure time was more than 1 hr. Neither sulfur nor triadimefon significantly reduced viability. Cleistothecia collected in fall were not affected by the above fungicidal compounds in a 5-min exposure. One hour of exposure to lime sulfur or 8 hr of exposure to copper sulfate was required before ascospore viability was significantly reduced in the fall. Aqueous solutions of lime sulfur at a concentration of 120 ml/L, applied as over-the-trellis sprays at 2,800 L/ha (336L/ha of lime sulfur) to dormant grapevines in spring, killed cleistothecia of Uncinula necator on the bark of the vines and delayed the development of epidemics of powdery mildew. A lower rate of application was not effective against powdery mildew. The delay of the epidemic ranged from a few days to several weeks, depending upon the rate of toxicant used, the resistance of the host to powdery mildew, and the favorability of environmental conditions for disease development. In vineyard trials, the severity of fruit infection was reduced from 43.1 to 14.1% in 1986, from 4.6 to 0.1% in 1988, and from 41.4 to 27.2% in 1989 by a single eradicant treatment of lime sulfur to the Vitis interspecific hybrid cultivar Rosette, which is highly susceptible to powdery mildew. The same rate of lime sulfur reduced the severity of powdery mildew from 30.8 to 0.3% in 1988 on the more resistant cultivar Vitis labruscana 'Concord'. The incidence of angular leaf scorch (Pseudopezicula tetraspora) and Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (Phomopsis viticola) was also decreased by over-the-trellis applications of an aqueous solution of lime sulfur at a concentration of 40 ml/L and 120 ml/L. The incidence and severity of black rot of grapes (Guignardia bidwellii) was reduced by 120 ml/L of lime sulfur in 1991, but not in 1992.

A bathing agent containing calcium polysulfides was administered orally to rats, and then polysulfides and sulphide, the decomposed product of polysulfides, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The concentrations of polysulfides (mumol/ml or g) were found to be highest in blood (0.196), followed by the liver (0.051), the lungs (0.018) and kidneys (0.013), but were below the detection limit (0.005 mumol/g) in the other tissues tested. Sulfide was detected in all the tissue samples and was found to be highest in the blood (0.518 mumol/ml), this being 40 times higher than that required for fatal poisoning in the case of hydrogen sulfide. Polysulfide poisoning was considered to be confirmatively diagnosed by detecting and measuring polysulfides and supplementarily sulfide in body tissues, most pertinently in the blood. Two practical cases of suspected poisoning by polysulfides are briefly described.

Used as a direct fungicide on powdery mildews, anthracnose, scab, and other diseases on alfalfa, beans, clover, and fruit; to control scale insects and spider mite eggs on fruit trees; as acaricide in sheep dips; to precipitate mercury from alkali solutions; [HSDB] Used as a topical antiseptic and scabicide; [REPROTOX]

Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]

A direct fungicide on powdery mildews, anthracnose, scab, and other diseases on alfalfa, beans, clover, and fruit. Control of scale insects and spider mite eggs on fruit trees.

DEVELOPED FOR ACARICIDAL PROPERTIES (EG IN SHEEP DIPS) AS AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF USING SULFUR...

Used to precipitate mercury from alkali solutions.

Produced by dissolving sulfur in aq suspension of calcium hydroxide.

Stone lime, ground sulfur, and water are boiled together.

It is an aqueous soln of calcium polysulfides with traces of calcium thiosulfate.

Dehydrated dry lime sulfur is available commercially ... Contains 65-70% CaS4 and CaS5, 5% CaS2O3, 5-10% free sulfur, and 20% inert ingredients

Services

Calcium sulfide (Ca(Sx)): ACTIVE

Incompatibilities: is of limited compatibility with other pesticides.

Cannot be mixed with soap or oil emulsion without the addition of a stabilizer.

Controls apple scab...by direct action. Provides continued protection by decomp to leave a residue of sulfur. Largely supplanted by newer synthetic fungicides with a milder action on plants.

AMONG 18 INSECTICIDES EVALUATED AGAINST THE IMMATURE STAGES OF THE CITRUS WHITE FLY ON THE TREES OF THE SWEET ORANGE VARIETY MALTA COMMONS LIME SULFUR (1:25 WITH H2O) WAS THE MOST EFFECTIVE DURING 3 TRIALS AGAINST THE EGGS.