| GHS 분류 | DangerH301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H301 (99.2%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
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| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Stannane, dibutyldichloro-Hazard Traits - Reproductive ToxicityStannane, dibutyldichloro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Stannane, dibutyldichloro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 13-11-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14508Substance: Dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC)Dibutyltin dichloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
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| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Dibutlytin chloride and hydrogen borate: Human health tier II assessment |
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| 화재 가능성 | Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. ... Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. |
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| 유해성 요약 | In lethal dose studies by intravenous route, causes somnolence (general depressed activity), chronic pulmonary edema, and liver injuryOral LD50 (rat) = 50 mg/kgIntravenous LDLo (rat) = 10 mg/kg[ChemIDplus] A strong skin and eye irritantA potent immunotoxin--causes thymus lymphocyte depletion in animal experiments[HSDB] A delayed skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant[INCHEM] Can cause burns[eChemPortal: ESIS] May evolve hydrochloric acid on exposure to moistureA corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tractCan be absorbed through skin[MSDSonline] See Tin, organic compounds. |
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| Toxic Combustion Products | A dangerous materialemits highly toxic fumes of HCl /hydrochloric acid/. |
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| Hazard Classes and Categories | Acute Tox. 3 (99.2%)Acute toxicity (inhalation) - category 2Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 3Muta. 2 |
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| 주 식수 지침 | (MN) MINNESOTA 4000 ug/l /Tin/ |
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| Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO | UN 3146Organotin cmpd, solid, not otherwise specifiedUN 2788Organotin cmpd, liquid, not otherwise specifiedIMO 6.1Organotin cmpd, liquid or solid, not otherwise specified |
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| Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities | ... Will react with water or steam to produce heat and toxic fumescan react vigorously with oxidizing materials. |
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| 노출 관리 및 개인 보호 | 0.1 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction, as Sn[German Research Foundation (DFG)] |
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| 소화 절차 | To fight fire, use water, foam, CO2, dry chemical. |
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| 처리 방법 | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. |
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| Preventive Measures | If employees' clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with ... dibutyltin dichloride, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. ... Clothing contaminated with ... dibutyltin dichloride ... should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of contaminant from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the contaminant, the person performing the operation should be informed of contaminant's hazard properties. ... Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with ... dibutyltin dichloride should be removed promptly & not reworn until the contaminant is removed ... .Where exposure of an employee's body to dibutyltin dichloride or liquids containing dibutyltin dichloride may occur, facilities for quick drenching of the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use. Skin that becomes contaminated with ... dibutyltin dichloride should be immediately flushed with large amounts of water to remove any contaminant. Workers subject to skin contact with solid ... dibutyltin dichloride should wash with soap or mild detergent & water any areas of the body that may have contacted any contaminant at the end of each work day. ... Eating & smoking should not be permitted in areas where ... dibutyltin dichloride ... /is/ handled, processed, or stored. Employees who handle ... dibutyltin dichloride ... should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent & water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities.SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. All contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.Wherever possible, safer substitutes should be used in the place of alkyltin compounds. When it is necessary to make and use them ... /handling should be done in/ enclosed systems ... /equipped with/ exhaust ventilation. Engineering control should ensure that exposure limits are not exceeded. Personal protective equipment should be worn, & in appropriate circumstances respiratory protection should be used. Emergency showers should be installed ... to allow workers to wash immediately after splashes. /Organotin compounds/For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DI-N-BUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Threshold Limit Values (TLV) | 0.1 [mg/m3], as Sn0.2 [mg/m3], as Sn8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 mg/cu m15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 0.2 mg/cu m, skin. /Tin, organic cmpd, as Sn/A4Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Tin, organic cmpd, as Sn/ |
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| Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) | 0.1 [mg/m3], as Sn |
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| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... /Organotin compounds, NOS/Skin contact should be prevented by protective clothing. /Tin & inorganic tin cmpd/Recommendations for respirator selection: Max. concn for use: 1 mg/cu m). Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust and mist filter. Any supplied-air respirator. /Tin (organic cmpds, as Sn)/Recommendations for respirator selection: Max. concn for use: 2.5 mg/cu m). Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust and mist filter. /Tin (organic cmpds, as Sn)/For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for DI-N-BUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) | 25.0 [mg/m3], as Sn |
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| 상호 작용 | The effects of timing of a single intragastric application of dibutyltin dichloride, at a dosage of 30 mg/kg body wt, on N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl) amine induced pancreatic carcinomas have been studied in female Syrian golden hamsters. Dibutyltin dichloride, which has been shown to produce selected bile duct injury, was admin either 1 wk before or 1 wk after a single injection of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl) amine (20 mg/kg body wt). The incidence of ductal adenocarcinomas strikingly decr in hamsters when dibutyltin dichloride was ingested after N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl) amine treatment, but remained unaffected when dibutyltin dichloride was given before carcinogen treatment. Two cases of sarcoma were observed in the group treated with dibutyltin dichloride before N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl) amine injection. The incidence of insulomas, which were considered as spontaneous tumors, was not influenced by dibutyltin dichloride. These results showed that intragastric application of dibutyltin dichloride after N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl) amine treatment significantly reduced the induction of pancreatic cancer.The interaction of dibutyltin chloride and tributyltin chloride with human erythrocyte membrane proteins was assessed. Erythrocyte membrane was prepared from fresh Rh positive human blood, and known concentrations of membrane protein were incubated with 0 to 500 um dibutyltin or tributyltin at 37 °C for 15 min. The bound and free tin complexes were estimated using the dithiozone method, and the alkyltin complexes were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polycrylamide gel electrophoresis. Scatchard analysis of the binding data for dibutyltin fitted the results to two binding sites with affinities of 25,300 and 2060 per mole. Scatchard analysis of the binding of tributyltin to erythrocyte membrane indicated a single class of binding sites with an affinity of 6780 per mole. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated tributyltin binding to be associated with a single band of proteins in the molecular weight region of 90,000 to 100,000. Dibutyltin binding was associated with this band and with lower molecular weight proteins. /It was/ concluded that the different binding patterns of dibutyltin and tributyltin with erythrocyte membrane protein represent different mechanisms for the biological effects of the tin compounds.The in vivo effects of di-n-butyltin dichloride on the enzyme activity and lipid constituents of liver plasma membrane were studied in male albino rats. The rats were ip administered with 0.1 ml (10% v/v) ethanol either alone or containing di-n-butyltin dichloride (10 or 30 mg/kg/day) for 7 consecutive days. A significant inhibition of plasma membrane marker enzymes such as 5'-nucleotidase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium(+2)-ATPase, sodium(+)/potasium(+)-ATPase and calcium(+2)-ATPase occurred in di-n-dibutyltin dichloride treated rats when compared with respective controls. Other important bioconstituents such as sialic acid and total phospholipid/cholesterol ratio were also significantly decreased in di-n-butyltin dichloride treated rats when compared with corresponding controls. These results suggest that interaction of di-n-dibutyltin dichloride with liver plasma membrane constituents might cause derangement of its structural and functional organization, thus leading to hepatotoxicity. |
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| 건강 영향 | Breathing or swallowing, or skin contact with organotins, can interfere with the way the brain and nervous system work, causing death in severe cases. Organic tin compounds may also damage the immune and reproductive system. (L307, L308) |
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| 환경 거동 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Dibutyltin dichloride is expected to dissociate in soil forming the cation, dibutyl tin, which will exist as or will be rapidly converted to dibutyltin oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, or hydrated cations(1). Dibutyltin species are expected to adsorb to organic carbon and clay(SRC). Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because the cation is not expected to volatilize(SRC). Dibutyltin dichloride may also biodegrade in soil, since tributyltins are converted to dibutyltin and monobutyltin(2).AQUATIC FATE: Dibutyltin dichloride is expected to dissociate in water forming the cation, dibutyltin(SRC). Cations generally adsorb to suspended solids and sediment more strongly than their neutral counterparts(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because the cation is not expected to volatilize(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), a BCF value of 12 for round crucian carp(3) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Dibutyltin dichloride may also biodegrade in water, since tributyltins are converted to dibutyltin and monobutyltin(1). Tributyltin species in water were sequentially degraded to dibutyltin, monobutyltin, and finally to tin ions in water/sediment mixtures or water alone from Toronto Harbor, Canada(1). Small quantities of dimethyldibutyltin were occasionally detected in these experiments in water/sediment and water alone, but not in the sterile controls, which indicates the possibility of biomethylation of dibutyltin compounds(1).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dibutyltin dichloride, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.079 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dibutyltin dichloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 28X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). |
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| 유해 작용 | Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin |
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| 노출 경로 | Oral (L308)inhalation (L308)dermal (L308) |
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| 독성 요약 | Organotin compounds produce neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Organotins may directly activate glial cells contributing to neuronal cell degeneration by local release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-_, and/or interleukins. They may also induce apoptosis by direct action on neuronal cells. Organotin compounds stimulate the neuronal release of and/or decrease of neuronal cell uptake of neurotransmitters in brain tissue, including aspartate, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This may be either a contributing factor to or result of the neuronal cell loss. The immunotoxic effects of organotins are characterized by thymic atrophy caused by the suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes and apoptosis of mature thymocytes. Organotin compounds are believed to exert these effects by suppressing DNA and protein synthesis, inducing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (such as nur77), and disrupting the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, giving rise to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and the proteolytic and nucleolytic cascade of apoptosis. The suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes further results in the suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses. Organotins are also endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate receptor activation, leading to adipocyte differentiation. Inorganic tin triggers eryptosis, contributing to tin-induced anemia. (L308, A182, A184) |
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| Signs and Symptoms | Inorganic or organic tin compounds placed on the skin or in the eyes can produce skin and eye irritation. (L308) |
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| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Dibutyltin dichloride is expected to dissociate in water forming the cation, dibutyltin(SRC). Cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay(SRC). The adsorption of dibutyltin dichloride was studied under simulated estuarine conditions which included artificial seawater (salinity(S)), hydrous iron oxide (moderately particulate matter (PM)), and fulvic acid(1). The partition coefficients Kp (ug/kg)/ug/l) ranged from zero (no adsortion at pH 8.2 and with low S and high PM concn or high S and low PM concn) to 110,000 (at pH 6.2 and high S and low PM concn)(1). Based upon these results, dibutyltin dichloride is expected to exist mainly in the solution (aqueous) phase in estuarine waters and seawater(1). In a study of desorption from sediment, approximately 1% of the initial dibutyltin species was observed to desorb from the unshaken Toronto Harbor sediment/water mixtures in 10.6 months(2). |
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| Human Toxicity Excerpts | IN WORKERS HANDLING ... /DIBUTYLTIN CHLORIDE/, SKIN LESIONS, EVEN BURNS, HAVE BEEN FOUND. THE IRRITANT EFFECT APPEARED BETWEEN 1 & 8 HR AFTER CONTACT. HEALING WAS RAPID AFTER REMOVAL FROM EXPOSURE. THE EYES CAN ALSO BE AFFECTED ... BUT THE DAMAGE WAS NOT CHRONIC.BLAST TRANSFORMATION OF HUMAN THYMOCYTES WAS INHIBITED AT CONCENTRATIONS AS LOW AS 0.02 UG/ML MEDIUM.One instance of eye injury is reported in a worker who accidentally splashed the liquid in his face and eyes. Despite immediate washing with water, lacrimation and conjunctival hyperemia appeared within minutes and persisted for four days. At the end of a week the skin was still erythematous, but the eyes appeared normal. |
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| Fish/Seafood Concentrations | The only monitoring data located were for dibutyltin (Bu2Sn++) without regard for the identity of the accompanying anion(s) and concn was reported in Sn equivalents(1). Dibutyltin was detected and quantified in 1 of 14 samples of whole fish collected from Canadian surface waters during 1982 and 1984 at the following concn (specielocation): 0.05 ppm Sn (wet wt), herring (C. harengus pallasiVancouver Harbor)dibutyltin also was detected, not quantified in another 4 of the samples (concn <0.01 ppm Sn (wet wt) (limit of quantitation))(1). |
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| Artificial Pollution Sources | Dibutyltin dichloride's production and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of other dibutyltin compounds(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). |
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| Environmental Biodegradation | Tributyltin species, obtained by dissolution of tributyltin oxide in water, are sequentially degraded by microorganisms to dibutyltin, monobutyltin (similar to the monobutyltin obtained by dissolution of mono-n-butyltin trichloride), and finally to inorganic tin using water/sediment mixtures or water alone from Tornoto Harbor, Canada(1). Butyltin compounds may be susceptible to biomethylation based upon the possible biomethylation of dibutyltin and tributyltin compounds(1). |
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