Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
플루오린(불소)
플루오린 · 불소 · 플루오린(불소) · 플루오르 · F2 · Fluoro · Fluor · fluorine gas
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 7782-41-4 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | F2 |
| 평균 분자량 | 37.9968 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 37.99680644 g/mol |
| SMILES | FF |
| InChIKey | PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 24524 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:30236 |
| EC No. | 231-954-8 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID3024106 |
| 현지명 | 플루오린(불소) |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | 1.1 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 2 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 2 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 0 |
| 물질 분류 | Toxic Gases & Vapors -> OxidizersReactive agents - 4th degree |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | thermal expansion coefficient |
| 농약 | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| 냄새 | Sharp penetrating odorStrong, choking, intense... Pungent, irritating odor.0.1~0.2ppm에서 강한 오존 냄새가 감지됩니다. |
| 밀도 | 1.5127 at -306.6 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than waterwill sink1.5127 at -188.13 °C (liquid)Saturated vapor density: 0.36850 lb/cu ft at -305 °FDensity = 1.667 g/L at 25 °C1.5127 at -306.2 °F1.553 @25 °C1.695(15℃) |
| Viscosity | 0.257 mPa-s liquid at 85 deg K0.0218 mPa-s gas |
| Color/Form | Pale yellow, diatomic gas or liquidPale-yellow to greenish gas ... |
| 용해도 | Reacts with water (NIOSH, 2024)Decomposes in waterSoluble in water with decomposition, forming hydrofluoric acid.Solubility in water: reactionreacts with H2O |
| Corrosivity | Corrosive gas |
| 끓는 점 | -306.6 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)-188.13 °C-188 °C-307 °F-188.12 °C @760 [mm Hg]-188°C |
| Decomposition | Decomposes in water, giving hydrofluoric acid, HF, oxygen fluoride, OF2, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and ozone. |
| 녹는점 | -363.3 °F (EPA, 1998)-219.67 °C (triple point)-219 °C-363 °F-220°C |
| 증기압 | >760 mmHg at 20 °C |
| 굴절률 | 1.000195 |
| 저장 조건 | -20°C |
| pKa(산도 계수) | 7.93(Solvent: Water) |
| 물리적 상태 | 옅은 노란색 가스 |
| 색상 | 창백하다. |
| 생물학적 소스 | rabbit |
| 용해도 | 물과 반응 |
| 비열 | Cp(gas): 0.82 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| 유전율 | 1.5(-201℃) |
| 안정성 | 안정적인. 플라스틱, 환원제, 유기 물질을 포함한 가연성 물질과 격렬하게 반응할 수 있는 매우 강한 산화제입니다. 물과 반응하여 부식성 산을 형성합니다. |
| NIST | Fluorine(7782-41-4) |
| EPA | Fluorine (7782-41-4) |
화학적 성질
Fluorine (F) is a chemical element(group VIla, halogens).It is a pale yellow,highly toxic, corrosive, flammable gas. It is a stable, extremely strong oxidant, which may react violently with combustible materials, including plastics, reducing agents, and organic material. It reacts with water to form corrosive acids. Fluorine is very toxic and may be fatal if inhaled. Fluorine reacts violently with many oxidising agents (e.g. perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, nitrates, chlorine, bromine, and fluorine), strong acids (hydrochloric, sulphuric, and nitric), organic compounds, combustible materials like oil and paper, hydrogen, bromine, iodine, and chemically active metals like, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and zinc. Fluorine is the most electro negative of all elements and the most chemically energetic of all nonmetallic elements. Fluorine is a high-tonnage chemical that is used in production of fluorides, in synthesis of fluorocarbons,and as an oxidizer for rocket fuels. Because of its severe oxidizing characteristics, special permits are required for shipping of fluorine,and all containers,piping,and processing equipment used for fluorine service must be passivated prior to use. Thereafter, they must be designated for exclusive fluorine service.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH270: May cause or intensify fireoxidizer [Danger Oxidizing gases]P220, P244, P260, P264, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P363, P370+P376, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H270 (100%): May cause or intensify fireP220, P244, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P361+P364, P363, P370+P376, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Hazards Identification | Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH) |
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: FluorineDirective 2002/32/ECFluorine is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Fluorine are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 29-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/22611Fluorine: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Fluorine: Human health tier I assessment |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Poison Gas Oxidizer Corrosive |
| 화재 위험 | May ignite other combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.) Mixture with fuels may explode. Container may explode in heat of fire. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors, or in sewers. Poisonous gas is produced in fire. Avoid contact with all oxidizable materials, including organic materials. Will react violently with water and most organic materials to produce heat and toxic fumes. Keep gas in tank, avoid exposure to all other materials. (EPA, 1998)· Substance does not burn but will support combustion.Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with many substances. See Chemical Dangers. |
| 화재 가능성 | Not flammable |
| 건강 유해성 | Poisonousmay be fatal if inhaled. Vapor extremely irritating. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Chronic absorption may cause osteosclerosis and calcification of ligaments. (EPA, 1998)· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEmay be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. |
| 유해성 요약 | Fluorides, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorine are chemically related. Fluorine is a naturally-occurring, pale yellow-green gas with a sharp odor. It combines with metals to make fluorides such as sodium fluoride and calcium fluoride, both white solids. Sodium fluoride dissolves easily in water, but calcium fluoride does not. Fluorine also combines with hydrogen to make hydrogen fluoride, a colorless gas. Hydrogen fluoride dissolves in water to form hydrofluoric acid. Fluorine and hydrogen fluoride are used to make certain chemical compounds. Hydrofluoric acid is used for etching glass. Other fluoride compounds are used in making steel, chemicals, ceramics, lubricants, dyes, plastics, and pesticides. Fluorides are often added to drinking water supplies and to a variety of dental products, including toothpaste and mouth rinses, to prevent dental cavities. UPDATE: In 2015, thePHS replacedthe 1962 Drinking Water Standards from 0.7""1.2 mg/L to an optimal fluoride concentration of 0.7 mg/L. This is to provide optimal concentration of fluoride in drinking water that provides the best balance of protection from dental caries while limiting the risk of dental fluorosis.Fluorine gas is a severe irritant to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Liver injury has been reported in experimental animals exposed to high concentrations. The TLV Basis is fluorosis and eye irritationA TLV-TWA of 0.1 ppm is expected to minimize the potential for skeletal fluorosis. This is based on the assumption that drinking water and inhalation doses produce equivalent fluorosis. Fluorine gas produces hydrofluoric acid upon contact with water. [ACGIH] Liquid causes second and third degree burns after short skin exposure[CHRIS] Highly corrosive to skin[Quick CPC] A lachrymator[CHEMINFO] May cause respiratory tract irritation and pulmonary edemaEvaporating liquid can cause frostbite[ICSC] See FLUORIDES. |
| 운송 번호 및 가이드(DOT) | 1045 1249192 167(cryogenic liquid) |
| 반응성 그룹 | Oxidizing Agents, Strong |
| EC 분류 | Symbol: T+, CR: 7-26-35S: (1/2)-9-26-36/37/39-45 |
| UN 분류 | UN Hazard Class: 2.3UN Subsidiary Risks: 5.1 and 8 |
| 소화 | A few whiffs of the gas or vapor could cause death. Gas, vapor or liquid could be fatal on penetrating the firefighters' normal full protective clothing. Only special protective clothing designed to protect against fluorine should be usedthe normal full protective clothing available to the average fire department will not provide adequate protection. Do not direct water onto fluorine leaks as the fire may be intensified.NO water. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position. |
| 응급 조치 | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. |
| 누출 비상 조치 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material. |
| 응급 처치 | Warning: Fluorine is a corrosive gas and may be converted to hydrofluoric acid in the lungs and on other moist tissue.General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| 안전 보관 | Fireproof if in building. Cool. |
| 노출 관리 및 개인 보호 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Fluorides in urine = 2 mg/L prior to shift or 3 mg/L at end of shift(Repeated measurements recommended.) Uranium in urine = 200 ug/L at end of shift |
| 소화 절차 | If material involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Do not use water on material itself. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Fluorine, compressed/Wear chemical protective suit with self-contained breathing apparatus. Combat fires from behind barrier, with unmanned hose holder, or monitor nozzle. Cool exposed containers with water.Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire. |
| 보관 조건 | Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Isolate from all other storage. |
| 정리 방법 | Keep water away from release. Approach release from upwind. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.1. Ventilate area of leak to disperse gas. 2. Stop flow of gas. If source of leak is a cylinder & the leak cannot be stopped in place, remove the leaking cylinder to a safe place in open air, & repair the leak or allow the cylinder to empty. |
| 비화재 누출 대응 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 124 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive - Oxidizing]: |
| 처리 방법 | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P056, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Pretreatment involves reaction with a charcoal bed. The product of the reaction is carbon tetrafluoride which is usually vented. Residual fluorine can be combusted by means of a fluorine-hydrocarbon air burner followed by a caustic scrubber and stack.A poor candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A poor candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temp range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A poor candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temp range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.Add to large volume concentrated reducer solution % hypo, a bisulfite, or a ferrous salt, and acidify with 3-MH2SO4. When reduction is complete, add soda ash, or dilute hydrochloric acid to neutralize. Route to sewage plant ... Contact local sewage authority. |
| 누출 처리 | Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. |
| 독성학 정보 | CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile |
| Treatment | Oral exposure to fluoride compounds should be treated by giving milk, calcium carbonate, or milk of magnesia to slow absorption. Eye or skin contact should be treated by removing any contaminated clothing and flushing with water. (L969) |
| 표적 장기 | Cardiovascular (Heart and Blood Vessels), Dermal (Skin), Musculoskeletal (Muscles and Skeleton), Ocular (Eyes), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)GastrointestinalEyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys |
| 건강 영향 | Exposure to high levels of fluoride can result in denser bones. However, if exposure is high enough, these bones may be more fragile and brittle and there may be a greater risk of fracture. Chronic exposure may also cause dental fluorosis, which alters the appearance of children's teeth during tooth development. (L963, L969) |
| 생태독성 수치 | LC50Species: Lemna minor (Duckweed) 20 colonies or 40 frondsConditions: freshwater, static, 27 °C, pH 7.5Concentration: 60000 ug/L for 96 hr /technical/ |
| 환경 거동 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Elemental fluorine was found to be very mobile in both sandy and sandy loam soils(1). Fluorine decomposes in water to form hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen fluoride (OF2)(2)therefore, fluorine is expected to decompose in moist soils as it reacts with water(SRC). Fluorine is a gas at environmental temperatures(2) which indicates volatilization from dry soil will occur(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Fluorine decomposes in water to form hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen fluoride (OF2)(1). This hydrolysis will be the dominant fate process in water(SRC). Volatilization, bioconcentration and adsorption to sediment will not be important fate processes(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: At atmospheric pressures, fluorine is a gas above its boiling point of -188.13 °C(1), and therefore, will exist as a gas in the ambient environment(SRC). Fluorine gas is a powerful oxidizing agent that reacts with water to form HF and other compounds(1,2). It also reacts readily with many gases and oxidant species(1,2) which indicates that fluorine gas will be converted to a variety of fluorine compounds in the atmosphere(SRC). The elemental form of fluorine, a pale yellow-green, irritating gas with a sharp odor, is so chemically reactive that it rarely occurs in the environment in the elemental state(3). |
| 유해 작용 | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
| 노출 경로 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.inhalation, skin and/or eye contactOral (L963)inhalation (L963)dermal (L963) |
| 독성 요약 | Fluoride ions are incorporated into bone by substituting for hydroxyl groups in the carbonate-apatite structure to produce hydroxyfluorapatite, thus altering the mineral structure of the bone. Alteration in mineralization increases hardness and bone mass, but also decreases mechanical strength. A portion of the circulating inorganic fluoride acts as an enzyme inhibitor because it forms metalfluoride-phosphate complexes that interfere with the activity of those enzymes requiring a metal ion cofactor. In addition, fluoride may interact directly with the enzyme or the substrate. It is a general inhibitor of the energy production system of the cell. Fluorine may bind calcium and decrease its concentration. This is thought to indirectly inhibit amelogeninase activity, resulting in altered crystal growth and subsequently causing dental fluorosis. (L963) |
| Signs and Symptoms | Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.Redness. Pain. Skin burns. ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.irritation eyes, nose, respiratory systemlaryngeal spasm, wheezingpulmonary edemaeye, skin burnsIn Animals: liver, kidney damageFluorine is very irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Symptoms of fluoride exposure include abdominal pain, diarrhea, dysphagia, hypersalivation, mucosal injury, nausea, vomiting. Electrolyte abnormalities including hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, and hypomagnesemia may occur. Neurological symptoms include headache, muscle weakness, hyperactive reflexes, muscular spasms, paresthesia seizures, tetanic contractions, and tremors. In severe cases, multiorgan failure will occur. Death typically results from cardiac arrest, shock, widening of QRS, and various arrhythmias occur. (L963, L969) |
| Effluent Concentrations | Monitoring of atmospheric emissions from two coal-fired power plants found median fluorine concentrations of 0.3-3 ppm(1). |
| EPA IRIS Information | Fluorine (soluble fluoride)Gastrointestinal6 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day |
| RCRA 요건 | P056As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when fluorine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).D002A solid waste containing fluorine may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for corrosivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.22, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. |
| CERCLA 보고 수량 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Fluorine is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs. |
| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | Fluorine110006.1715Toxic chemical that can be released at a facility. |
| 직업 노출 등급(OEB) | C |
| 직업 노출 한계(OEL) | TWA: 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3) |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | WGK 1 |
| 즉시 생명 위험 농도 | 25 ppm |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| 운송 번호(UN) | UN 1045 |
| 독성 | LC50 (1 hr) inhalation by rats, mice, guinea pigs: 185, 150, 170 ppm (by vol) (Keplinger, Suissa) |
| 위험 문구(R) | 7-26-35 |
| 위험 표시 | T+,C |
| 안전 문구(S) | 9-26-36/37/39-45 |
| 위험 등급 | 2.3 |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-16999 |
| DOT ClassificationII | 2.3, Hazard Zone A (Gas poisonous by inhalation) |
| 저장 분류 | 10 - Combustible liquids |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 7782-41-4(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| 함량 및 규제정보 | 물질구분: 유독물질혼합물(제품)함량정보: 불소[Fluorine7782-41-4] 및 이를 1% 이상 함유한 혼합물 |
| 유해화학물질 필터링 | 2019-1-940 |
| 사고대비 물질 필터링 | 48 |
용도
개요
Fluorine is a highly toxic, pale yellow gas about 1.3 times as heavy as air at atmospheric temperature and pressure. When cooled below its boiling point (-306.8°F or -188.2°C), it is a liquid about 1.5 times as dense as water.
출처
Fluorine is the 13th most abundant element on the Earth. It makes up about 0.06% of theEarth’s crust. Fluorine is widely distributed in many types of rocks and minerals, but neverfound in its pure form. Fluorine is as plentiful as nitrogen, chlorine, and copper, but lessplentiful than aluminum or iron.The most abundant fluorine mineral is fluorite—calcium fluoride (CaF2)—which is oftenfound with other minerals, such as quartz, barite, calcite, sphalerite, and galena. It is mined in Cumberland, England, and in Illinois in the United States. Other minerals from which fluorineis recovered are fluorapatite, cryolite, and fluorspar, which are found in many countriesbut mainly in Mexico and Africa.Today fluorine is produced by the electrolysis of potassium fluoride (KF), hydrofluoric acid(HF), and molten potassium acid fluoride (KHF2).
용도
Fluorine is used in the manufacture of vari ous fluorocarbons and fluorides, as a rocketpropellant, and in many inorganic and or ganic syntheses.
일반 설명
Fluorine is a pale yellow gas with a pungent odor. Fluorine is commonly shipped as a cryogenic liquid. Fluorine is toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Contact with skin in lower than lethal concentrations causes chemical burns. Fluorine reacts with water to form hydrofluoric acid and oxygen. Fluorine is corrosive to most common materials. Fluorine reacts with most combustible materials to the point that ignition occurs. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may violently rupture and rocket.