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DEA NFLIS-Drug Category -> Depressants and Tranquilizers

DEA Schedule IV Controlled Substance -> Depressants

Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15

Pharmaceuticals -> Synthetic Cannabinoids or Psychoactive Compounds

NEEDLES FROM CYCLOHEXANE

WHITE POWDER

1 G SOL IN ABOUT 500 ML WATER

FREELY SOL IN ALC, CHLOROFORM, & ETHER

SLIGHTLY SOL IN HEXANE

Sol at 25 °C in water 0.25%, ethanol 35.0%, hexane 2.0%, sesame oil 0.7%, 1,2-propylene glycol 22%.

1 in 3 part of alcohol, 1 in 50 part of light petroleum, 1 in 4.6 part of propylene glycol, and 1 in 140 part of sesame oil.

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

94-96

96-98 °C

96 °C

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.530 ALPHA, 1.536 BETA, 1.546 GAMMA; OPTIC SIGN +

INDEX OF REFRACTION (20% IN PROPYLENE GLYCOL): 1.4441 @ 21.5 °C/D

Warning

H302 (97.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P264, P270, P301+P317, P330, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 40 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

DEA schedule IV controlled substance

Cyclohexanol, 1-ethynyl-, carbamate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

Schedules of controlled substances are established by section 202 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812). Schedule IV includes ethinamate, DEA Code #2545; Drug class: Depressant.

Drugs; statement of required warning. The label of any drug listed as a "controlled substance" in schedule II, III, or IV of the Federal Controlled Substances Act shall, when dispensed to or for a patient, contain the following warning: "Caution: Federal law prohibits the transfer of this drug to any person other than the patient for whom it was prescribed." This statement is not required to appear on the label of a controlled substance for use in clinical investigations which are "blind".

... Currently marketed prescriptive drug ... oral ethinamate.

Controlled substance in the USA - Schedule IV.

2,4-DICHLORO-(6-PHENYLPHENOXY)ETHYLAMINE IS PARTICULARLY EFFECTIVE /MICROSOMAL DRUG METABOLISM/ INHIBITOR, PROLONGING HEXOBARBITAL & ETHINAMATE SLEEPING TIMES IN MICE & DOGS.

If ethinamate is ingested concurrently with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants, the potential hazards of both these agents are increased.

The mechanism of action is not known. However, studies have shown that ethinamate inhibits carbonic anhydrases I and II (J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 15;267(35):25044-50). This inhibition by ethinamate is not sufficiently strong, however, to implicate carbonic anhydrases I and II in the mechanism of action.

SIDE EFFECTS ... INCL NAUSEA, OCCASIONAL VOMITING, & INFREQUENTLY RASH. IDIOSYNCRATIC EXCITEMENT MAY BE NOTED. FEVER & THROMBOCYTOPENIA OCCUR RARELY.

IN ONE PATIENT 16 G PRODUCED COMA, BUT RECOVERY WAS APPARENTLY COMPLETE 6 HR AFTER INGESTION. IN @ LEAST TWO OTHER ADULTS, HOWEVER, 15 G PRODUCED PROFOUND COMA, & ONE VICTIM EXPIRED FROM SUPERVENING PULMONARY EDEMA.

LONG TERM USE OF LARGER THAN RECOMMENDED DOSES MAY LEAD TO PSYCHIC & PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE.

LETHAL DOSE IS UNKNOWN; DEATH HAS RESULTED FROM INGESTION OF 15 G.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ETHINAMATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

Schedules of controlled substances are established by section 202 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812). Schedule IV includes ethinamate, DEA Code #2545; Drug class: Depressant.

Drugs; statement of required warning. The label of any drug listed as a "controlled substance" in schedule II, III, or IV of the Federal Controlled Substances Act shall, when dispensed to or for a patient, contain the following warning: "Caution: Federal law prohibits the transfer of this drug to any person other than the patient for whom it was prescribed." This statement is not required to appear on the label of a controlled substance for use in clinical investigations which are "blind".

... Currently marketed prescriptive drug ... oral ethinamate.

Controlled substance in the USA - Schedule IV.

Ethinamate is used to treat insomnia (trouble in sleeping). However, it has generally been replaced by other medicines for the treatment of insomnia. If ethinamate is used regularly (for example, every day) to help produce sleep, it is usually not effective for more than 7 days. Structurally, it does not resemble the barbiturates, but it shares many effects with this class of drugs; the depressant effects of ethinamate are, however, generally milder than those of most barbiturates. Continued and inappropriate use of ethinamate can lead to tolerance and physical dependence, with withdrawal symptoms very similar to those of the barbiturates.

The mechanism of action is not known. However, studies have shown that ethinamate inhibits carbonic anhydrases I and II (J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 15;267(35):25044-50). This inhibition by ethinamate is not sufficiently strong, however, to implicate carbonic anhydrases I and II in the mechanism of action.

... ETHINAMATE ... /IS/ NON-SELECTIVE CNS /DEPRESSANT/ ... .

2.5 hours

Half-life 2.5 hours. Duration of action about 3 to 5 hours.

135 MINUTES

Hepatic.

ETHINAMATE IS INACTIVATED @ LEAST PARTLY BY LIVER, BY HYDROXYLATION OF CYCLOHEXYL RING; PRODUCT IS CONJUGATED & EXCRETED AS GLUCURONIDE.

Ethinamate is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is in part metabolized by the liver. The major of three metabolites is hydroxyethinamate (yielded by hydroxylation of the cyclohexyl ring), and it is yet unclear whether this metabolite has any pharmacologic effect. Hydroxyethinamate is combined with glucuronide to form approximately equal quantities with free hydroxyethinamate.

Hepatic. Half Life: 2.5 hours

Rapidly absorbed following oral administration.

ETHINAMATE IS INACTIVATED @ LEAST PARTLY BY LIVER, BY HYDROXYLATION OF CYCLOHEXYL RING; PRODUCT IS CONJUGATED & EXCRETED AS GLUCURONIDE.

IT IS EXTENSIVELY METABOLIZED, BUT PRELIMINARY EXPERIENCE INDICATES APPRECIABLE QUANTITIES CAN BE REMOVED BY EXTRACORPOREAL HEMODIALYSIS. ... HIGH LIPID SOLUBILITY ... .

ABSORPTION & CLEARANCE OF ETHINAMATE WAS STUDIED AFTER SINGLE ORAL DOSAGES IN THERAPEUTIC RANGE TO NONFASTING SUBJECTS. MEAN MAX PLASMA LEVEL WAS OBSERVED AFTER 1 HR (T/2 IN BLOOD 2.3 HR).

Rapidly absorbed. ... Renal elimination. Approximately 36% of administered dose appears in urine within 24 hours.

Ethinamate is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is in part metabolized by the liver. The major of three metabolites is hydroxyethinamate (yielded by hydroxylation of the cyclohexyl ring), and it is yet unclear whether this metabolite has any pharmacologic effect. Hydroxyethinamate is combined with glucuronide to form approximately equal quantities with free hydroxyethinamate. Maximum blood concentrations are reached within 60 minutes after ingestion. From the absorbed ethinamate, 10 per cent is metabolized to CO2 while the rest is excreted by the kidney, mainly as hydroxyethinamate glucuronides (89 per cent), and metabolites (9%); only 2% of free ethinamate is excreted in the urine.

MEDICATION

Used for the short-term treatment of insomnia, however, it generally has been replaced by other sedative-hypnotic agents.

... ETHINAMATE, NF (VALMID) ... IT IS MARKETED IN 500-MG TABLETS.

Valmid, oral capsules with ethinamate 500 mg, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carboxymethyl starch, sodium lawryl sulfate.

Valmid (R): Capsules, 500 mg.

Cyclohexanol, 1-ethynyl-, 1-carbamate: INACTIVE

TRADEMARK VALAMIN WAS USED FORMERLY TO INDICATE BRAND OF TERT-AMYL ISOVALERATE.