| GHS 분류 | DangerH302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P305+P354+P338, P317, P330, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.4% (11 of 3060) of reports.H302 (98.9%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral] |
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| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Disulfurous acid, sodium salt (1:2)Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (amended)Disulfurous acid, sodium salt (1:2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Disulfurous acid, sodium salt (1:2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 03-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14958Disulfurous acid, disodium salt, (sodium metabisulphite): HSNO Approval: HSR001548 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
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| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Disulfurous acid, sodium salt (1:2): Environment tier I assessment |
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| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Corrosive |
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| 화재 위험 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with acids or oxidants. |
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| 건강 유해성 | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Sodium metabisulfite: |
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| 유해성 요약 | A case of occupational asthma, confirmed by specific inhalation challenge, was reported in which a worker sprinkled dry metabisulfite on potatoes. [Malo JL, Cartier A, Desjardins A. Occupational asthma caused by dry metabisulphite. Thorax 1995 May50(5)585-6.] Similar cases have been reported in the wine, laundry, and lobster fishing industries. [Madsen J, Sherson D, Kjoller H, Hansen I, Rasmussen K. Occupational asthma caused by sodium disulphite in Norwegian lobster fishing. Occup Environ Med 200461:873-874] Occupational skin sensitization has also been reported[Sulfite contact allergy. Vena GA, Foti C, Angelini G. Contact Dermatitis 1994 Sep31(3):172-5] In the presence of water and acid, metabisulfite can generate toxic amounts of SO2. [ATSDR Medical Management] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritantMay cause asthma[ICSC] It can be used as a reducing agent in photography and caused dermatitis in a photographic technician, probably acting as an aggravating irritative factor. [Kanerva, p. 1834] See SULFITES. See Potassium metabisulfite. |
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| FDA 요건 | Sodium metabisulfite used as a chemical preservative in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice, except that it is not used in meatsin food recognized as a source of vitamin B1on fruits or vegetables intended to be served raw to consumers or sold raw to consumers, or to be presented to consumers as fresh.Sodium metabisulfite used as a chemical preservative in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice, except that it is not used in meats or in food recognized as source of vitamin B1. |
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| 반응성 그룹 | Sulfite and Thiosulfate Salts |
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| EC 분류 | Symbol: XnR: 22-31-41S: (2)-26-39-46 |
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| UN 분류 | UN Hazard Class: 8UN Pack Group: I, II, III |
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| TSCA 요건 | Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date 1/26/94Reporting date: 3/28/94.Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Sodium metabisulfite is included on this list. Effective date: 1/26/94Sunset date: 6/30/98. |
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| EPA Safer Chemical | Chemical: Disulfurous acid, disodium salt |
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| 소화 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
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| 응급 조치 | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
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| 응급 처치 | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Sodium metabisulfite:(General first aid procedures) |
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| 안전 보관 | Separated from acids, strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. |
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| Firefighting Hazards | Poisonous gases are produced in fire including sulfur oxides. |
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| 소화 절차 | If material /is/ involved in /a/ fire: Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. |
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| 보관 조건 | The bulk material should be stored in a well closed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.... Storage containers are predominantly made from 1.4571 grade stainless steel. Fiberglass-reinforced plastic containers are also suitable for storage. Paper or plastic sacks, steel barrels, or big bags made of synthetic fibers are used for transportation. |
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| 비화재 누출 대응 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
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| 처리 방법 | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. |
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| 누출 처리 | Personal protection: filter respirator for acid gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered non-metallic containers as far as possible. Absorb liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
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| Preventive Measures | SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bags barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.If material /is/ not involved in /a/ fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Do not use water on material itself.For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SODIUM METABISULFITE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: |
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| 상호 작용 | Sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) is used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in a variety of drugs and functions as a preservative in many food preparations. In addition to their antioxidant activity, sulfites oxidize to sulfite radicals (SO3-) initiating lipid peroxidation. This study was performed to elucidate the effect of subchronic Na2S2O5 (520 mg/kg/day) ingestion on hepatic and renal antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in albino rats. The antioxidant effect of L-carnitine was also tested in rats treated with Na2S2O5. Plasma uric acid levels were monitored in all rats included in the study. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased in Na2S2O5 treated rats vs. controls, with kidney values of 2.21+/-0.21 vs. 1.22+/-0.35 and liver values of 79.85+/-19.5 vs. 31.36+/-5.0 nmol/mg protein, respectively. Selenium-glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly increased in Na2S2O5 treated rats vs. controls, with kidney values of 38.22+/-2.21 vs. 8.09+/-0.76 and liver values of 31.11+/-6.37 vs. 11.70+/-1.02 U/g protein, respectively. Sodium metabisulfite treatment increased plasma uric acid levels in rats that were included in the study. No protective effect of L-carnitine was observed against lipid peroxidation in both liver and kidneys of rats treated with Na2S2O5. The presented data confirm the prooxidant activity of sulfites and suggest that increased GPx activity and plasma uric acid levels may partially reduce the observed renal and hepatocellular oxidative damage caused via the ingestion of sulfites.Sodium metabisulfite is incompatible with chloramphenicol owing to a more complex reaction. /Sodium metabisulfite/ also inactivates cisplatin in solution.Sodium metabisulfite reacts with sympathomimetics and other drugs that are ortho- or para-hydroxybenzyl alcohol derivatives to form sulfonic acid derivatives possessing little or no pharmacological activity. The most important drugs subject to this inactivation are epinephrine (adrenaline) and its derivatives.The aim of the present experiment was to test the effects of a wet preservation of triticale contaminated mainly with deoxynivalenol (DON) with sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5, SBS) on growth performance, liver function, clinical-chemical plasma parameters and organ histopathology of piglets. For this purpose both the uncontaminated control triticale and the DON contaminated triticale were included in the piglet diet either untreated (CON, FUS) or SBS-treated (CON-SBS, FUS-SBS) and fed for 28 d starting from weaning. The dietary concentrations of DON and DON sulfonate (DONS), the DON derivative resulting from the SBS treatment, amounted to 0.156, 0.084, 2.312 and 0.275 mg DON per kg CON, CON-SBS, FUS and FUS-SBS diet, and to <0.05, <0.05, <0.05 and 1.841 mg/kg diet, respectively. Feeding the FUS diet significantly reduced the feed intake compared to the other three groups as indicated by the significant interactions between triticale source and SBS treatment when the whole experimental period of 28 d was considered (p = 0.014) while live weight gain and feed to gain ratio remained unaffected. The total plasma protein concentration was significantly depressed due to feeding the contaminated diets whereas SBS treatment exerted an increasing effect at the same time (45.4, 49.5, 40.7 and 46.5 g/L for piglets fed the CON, CON-SBS, FUS and FUS-SBS diet, respectively). The liver function was tested by the (13)C-methacetin breath test (MBT) allowing evaluation of the cytochrome P4501A2 activity. MBT results, expressed as cumulative percentage dose recovery after 360 min (cPDR360) revealed a slight stimulation of liver function due to SBS treatment (p = 0.052) (37.5, 39.4, 37.4 and 55.1% for piglets fed the CON, CON-SBS, FUS and FUS-SBS diet, respectively). Liver weight and histopathological scoring were only weakly related to the MBT results. Further histopathological examinations of kidneys, pancreas and heart revealed no treatment effects. It was concluded that the SBS treatment of the contaminated triticale restored the performance of piglets to the level of the piglets fed the control diet while the effects on liver function, clinical-chemical plasma parameters - excepting the protein concentration - and organ histopathology were only marginal. |
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| Skin Symptoms | Sulfites were elected as the 2024 American Contact Dermatitis Society Allergen of the Year. The authors stated that while Sodium Disulfite may cause allergic contact dermatitis. sulfites are not included in most screening patch test series.A retrospective study of 2763 patients patch tested with sodium metabisulfite found that 184 (4.5%) tested positive. Thirteen cases (10.5%) were occupational and the authors stated that there should be awareness of the possible sources of exposure, e.g.,. occupational settings such as hairdressing and the food industry, and exposures involving pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. |
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| 표적 장기 | Eyes, skin, respiratory system |
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| 생태독성 수치 | LC50Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill, length 2.8 cm)Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 3.8-6.7, dissolved oxygen 41-58% saturatedConcentration: 32000-49000 ug/L for 24 hr /Technical/Concentration: 32000 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 21000-50000 ug/L) /Technical/Concentration: 32000 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 21000-50000 ug/L) /Technical/ |
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| 유해 작용 | Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin. |
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| 노출 경로 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact |
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| 독성 요약 | Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org |
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| 생태독성 발췌 | /PLANTS/ Sodium metabisulfite is used in marine shrimp harvesting to prevent the occurrence of black spots. Shrimps are soaked in a sodium metabisulfite solution in ice, which is disposed of in sewages that run into marine canals, creating an environmental hazard. This study evaluates the toxicity and mutagenicity caused by sodium metabisulfite in sea waters and sediments collected in a shrimp farm in Cajueiro da Praia (Luis Correia), state of Piaui, Brazil, using the Allium cepa assay. Water and sediment samples were collected in the dry and in the rainy seasons, in three sites: upstream the shrimp farm (Site 1), at the point sodium metabisulfite is discharged (Site 2), and 100 m downstream the farm (Site 3). Three sample dilutions were used (50%, 25% and 10%) for all samples. A negative control (well water) and a positive control (copper sulfate 0.0006 mg /mL) were used in each experiment. At the end of the 72-hr exposure period, onion roots were measured and removed. Mutagenicity analysis included the determination of mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations and the detection of micronucleianalysis of root size and mitotic index were used as an index of toxicity. The A. cepa assay revealed that the water and sediments samples collected in the Piaui coast contaminated with sodium metabisulfite induce toxicity. The results demonstrate that the assay may be used as a regular tool in the analysis of water parameters in shrimp farms in the coast of Piaui state, and in strategies to preserve the region's marine ecosystem./PLANTS/ Air pollutants interfere with various metabolic processes of plants prior to visible injury manifestations. Treatment of tomato leaves with different concn of Na2S2O5 induced degradation of green pigments and protein. Chlorophyll content was reduced by 71.15% and protein by 42.85% in treated leaves at a concentration of 660 ug/mL as compared with controls. |
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| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Shortness of breath. Wheezing.Redness.Redness. Burning sensation. Pain.Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting.irritation eyes, skin, mucous membrane |
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| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms. |
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| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Sodium metabisulfite was administered to 29 children with chronic asthma in a single-blind challenge. The children ranged in age from 5.5 to 14 years and were essentially evenly divided by sex28 of the 29 were atopic for airborne allergens. A positive response was judged by a reduction in pulmonary function. The patients were challenged both with capsules at doses up to 100 mg and citric acid solution containing sodium metabisulfite at doses up to 50 mg. Metabisulfite hypersensitivity was detected in 19 childrenall reacted to metabisulfite in solution, and none responded when it was administered in capsule form. Most of the responders experienced immediate reactions, which consisted initially of a burning sensation in the throat, tight cough, wheezing, and signs of respiratory distress. Seven of the 19 had a history which suggested sensitivity to metabisulfite in foods. The authors considered that the lack of response to metabisulfite in capsules and the rapid onset of bronchial symptoms suggested that inhalation of sulfur dioxide was the trigger./HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A double-blind study tested the five individual components of an eye drop therapy for glaucoma. Sodium Metabisulfite was tested at 0.075%, the concentration of use in the preparation. The participants were five male patients with elevated intraocular pressures and histories of local sensitivity reactions to dipivalyl epinephrine (the active component of the eye drops). None had positive reactions to initial patch testing with the five components of the eye drops (Sodium Metabisulfite was patch tested at 0.5%). Patients applied two drops of a preparation twice daily for 1 week with a 1-week treatment-free period between application of different solutions. The order of administration of the five preparations was randomly assigned. Patients were instructed to stop using the drops and report to the study ophthalmologists upon development of any adverse ocular reactions. No adverse effects were reported with Sodium Metabisulfite./HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Prick and intradermal tests of 20 patients with a Sodium Metabisulfite solution (10 mg/mL) were negative and oral challenge of five patients with 30 and 50 mg Sodium Metabisulfite did not provoke a flare-up of dermatitis or patch test. The dermatitis was considered occupational in seven cases. Five of the remaining 43 cases were considered allergic contact dermatitis resulting from the use of topical preparations./HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /Investigators/ reported the results of patch testing 2894 eczematous patients over a 2-year period. Positive reactions to Sodium Metabisulfite in 1% pet. (following a 2-day occlusive exposure) were noted in 50 patients (1.7% incidence). All 50 patients also reacted to Potassium Metabisulfite in 1% pet., and to Sodium Bisulfite 1% and 5% pet. Only two reacted to Sodium Sulfite 1% pet.For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM METABISULFITE (35 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Sodium Metabisulfite (100 mg) was placed into the right conjunctival sac of each of two rabbits. Twenty seconds later, one treated eye was rinsed with tap water for 1 min. The treated eye of the other rabbit was not rinsed. The cornea, iris, and conjunctiva were examined with a hand-slit lamp at 1 and 4 hr and at 1, 2, 7, and 14 days. A biomicroscope and 5% aqueous fluorescein stain were used at the 1-day observation. A small area of mild corneal opacity, transient moderate congestion of the iris, and mild conjunctivitis were observed in the unrinsed eye. The opacity was reversible and the cornea was normal within 14 days, but mild conjunctival irritation persisted. Slight, reversible corneal opacity and mild conjunctivitis, but with no iritic involvement, were observed in the rinsed eye and that cleared within 3 days. The investigators recommended copious flushing with water following ocular contact with Sodium Metabisulfite./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Disodium disulfite is reported to cause bronchoconstriction in a minority of asthmatics when ingested. Anesthetized guinea pigs pretreated with propanolol were applied the substance intratracheal aerosolized at concentrations up to 0.08 M (15.2 g/L) for 5 minutes each. Tachyphylaxis and increased lung resistance was seen beginning at 0.02 M. The effect of atropine, phosphoramidon, and capsaicin was investigated to clear up the effective mechanisms. The author came to the conclusion that inhaled disodium disulfite causes bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs by mechanisms that are due neither to a cholinergic reflex nor to the release of tachykinins from airway sensory nerves./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Ten applications of a 50% Sodium Metabisulfite solution (0.5 mL) to the clipped backs of guinea pigs "moderately exacerbated the irritative response." Blackened or secondary eschars formed on all animals by the 10th day (no further details provided)./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Sodium Metabisulfite (solid, 5 g) was applied to clipped but intact sites on the trunk of six male albino rabbits. The material was applied under a gauze pad and the trunk of each rabbit was wrapped with rubber sheeting for a total exposure time of 24 hr. Sites were evaluated at the time of patch removal and 24 hr later according to the regulations of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act. Sodium Metabisulfite did not produce an irritation response.For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM METABISULFITE (46 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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