Hydrochloric Acid → 2-Methylidenebutanedioic acid--prop-2-enoic acid (1/1)

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Acrylic acid (21.11 g, 0.2930 mole), itaconic acid (2.0061 g, 15.420 millimole), Wako V-50 (0.0837 g, 0.309 millimole), and 150 ml of water, which has been acidified to pH 2.0 with hydrochloric acid, are added to a 250 ml three-necked round-bottomed flask. The necks are fitted with a thermometer, a stopper, and a gas inlet/outlet adapter capable of bubbling gas through a liquid in the flask and venting it. The solution is deaerated by passage of nitrogen gas and is then placed under an atmosphere of argon. The solution is heated to 55° C. and maintained at this temperature for 15 hours. The viscous solution of copolymer is cooled to ambient temperature and is dialyzed against distilled water overnight (Spectrapor 3 tubing as in the foregoing Examples) to remove any unreacted monomers and then freeze dried to give 1.5 g of poly(acrylic acid-itaconic acid) copolymer as a colorless solid. The mass average molecular weight, as determined by low angle laser light scattering in 0.2 Molar sodium chloride in water (refractive index=1.3344, dn /dc =0.1670), is 925,000.

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