Malonic Acid → 3-{3-Nitro-4-methoxyphenyl}acrylic acid

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4-methoxy-3-nitro-benzaldehyde (compound of Example 5; 1.05 g, 5.79 mmol) and malonic acid (1.32 g, 1.27 mmol) were dissolved in pyridine (20 mL) under stirring and piperidine (1 mL) was added to the pyridine solution. The reaction mixture was heated at 75° C. to 80° C. for 3 h, after which the temperature was further increased to 120° C. and maintained at this temperature for 6 h. At the end of the reaction, pyridine was evaporated, followed by addition of aqueous HCl (1:1) to obtain pH ˜4. The solid obtained was filtered, washed with cold water and dried.

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