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Model compound synthesis and hydrolytic kinetics measurement (Scheme 4—FIG. 4): Briefly, N,N-diethylamine (415 μL, 4 mmol) and 1,2-cis-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride (617 mg, 4 mmol) were dissolved in 10 mL dichloride methane. The reaction was kept at room temperature for 2 h with stirring. The solvent was then removed by rotary evaporation to obtain the raw product. The raw product was purified by recrystallizing from benzene to get 2-[(diethylamino)carbonyl]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm): 3.60-3.22 (m), 2.77 (m), 2.51-2.45 (m), 1.87-1.66 (m), 1.58-1.46 (m), 1.49-1.39 (m), 1.28 (q), 1.17 (t). Similarly, 2-[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid was synthesized. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm): 3.83 (q), 2.73 (q), 2.64 (q), 1.87 (m), 1.79 (m), 1.64 (m), 1.45 (m), 1.33 (m), 1.01 (d).

1. customModel compound synthesis and hydrolytic kinetics measurement (Scheme 4—FIG. 4)
2. customThe solvent was then removed by rotary evaporation
3. customto obtain the raw product
4. customThe raw product was purified
5. customby recrystallizing from benzene