二氧化锰

5.0 g/cm³

5.08 @25 °C

Dry Powder; Large Crystals; CBI; Large Crystals; Other Solid; Wet Solid; Dry Powder

Natural form is steel-gray when in lumps and black when powdered; The artificial precipitate in a brownish-black solid; Both usually have some manganese oxide and water; [Merck Index] Brown odorless powder; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]

BLACK-TO-BROWN POWDER.

Warning

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P270, P271, P301+P317, P304+P340, P317, P330, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.8% (11 of 1416) of reports.

Warning

H302+H332 (12.5%): Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

Chemical: Manganese oxide (MnO2)

Manganese oxide (MnO2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Manganese oxide (MnO2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 27-02-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15404

Manganese (IV) oxide: HSNO Approval: HSR003741 Approved with controls

Inhalation of dust may cause diseases of the lungs (bronchitis and pneumonia) and CNS (manganism); [ICSC] A strong oxidizer; [Merck Index] Harmful by ingestion, inhalation; May cause irritation; [Alfa Aesar MSDS] See Manganese and linked occupational diseases.

Decomposes above 553 °C . This produces manganese(III)oxide and oxygen, which increases fire hazard. The substance is a strong oxidant. It reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials. This generates fire and explosion hazard. Reacts with aluminium on heating.

Acute Tox. 4 (97.6%)

Not Classified

Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) - category 1

Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 1 (respiratory system)

Acute Tox. 4 *

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Oral (L228) ; inhalation (L228)

Manganese is a cellular toxicant that can impair transport systems, enzyme activities, and receptor functions. It primarily targets the central nervous system, particularily the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia. It is believed that the manganese ion, Mn(II), enhances the autoxidation or turnover of various intracellular catecholamines, leading to increased production of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and other cytotoxic metabolites, along with a depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to oxidative damage and selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons. In addition to dopamine, manganese is thought to perturbations other neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate. In order to produce oxidative damage, manganese must first overwhelm the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase. The neurotoxicity of Mn(II) has also been linked to its ability to substitute for Ca(II) under physiological conditions. It can enter mitochondria via the calcium uniporter and inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. It may also inhibit the efflux of Ca(II), which can result in a loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Mn(II) has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial aconitase activity to a significant level, altering amino acid metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. (L228)

Cough.

Abdominal pain. Nausea.

Manganese mainly affects the nervous system and may cause behavioral changes and other nervous system effects, which include movements that may become slow and clumsy. This combination of symptoms when sufficiently severe is referred to as “manganism”. (L228)

Manganese is absorbed mainly via ingestion, but can also be inhaled. It binds to alpha-2-macroglobulin, albumin, or transferrin in the plasma and is distributed to the brain and all other mammalian tissues, though it tends to accumulate more in the liver, pancreas, and kidney. Manganese is capable of existing in a number of oxidation states and is believed to undergo changes in oxidation state within the body. Manganese oxidation state can influence tissue toxicokinetic behavior, and possibly toxicity. Manganese is excreted primarily in the faeces. (L228)

Naturally occurs as the mineral pyrolusite, which is the source of manganese and all its compounds; Used to make manganese steel, as an oxidizer, in dry cell alkaline batteries, for making amethyst glass, decolorizing glass, and painting on porcelain, faience, and majolica; The precipitate is used in electrotechnics, pigments, browning gun barrels, as drier for paints and varnishes, and for printing and dyeing textiles; [Merck Index] See Manganese.

Steel Producing [Category: Industry]

Manganese dioxide is used primarily for dry-cell batteries, but is also used as an oxidant in organic synthesis. (L232)

Primary Metal Manufacturing

Manganese oxide (MnO2): ACTIVE