磷酸二氢钠

Between 4,1 and 5,0 (1 % solution)

The pH of a 1% aqueous solution is 4.5

2360 kg/cu m

Large, transparent crystals. ... density 2.040. Very soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol; pH of 1% solution 4.4-4.5 /Sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate/

Colorless, monoclinic crystals

White crystalline powder

121

Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol or ether

White, hygroscopic crystals. Decomp at 100 °C. Solubility: 94.9 g/100 g water at 25 °C. Insoluble in ethanol. /Sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate/

In water, 85 g/100 mL

Decomposes at 75

200 °C (decomposes)

Dry Powder; Other Solid; Large Crystals; CBI; Liquid; Liquid; Other Solid

A white odourless, slightly deliquescent powder, crystals or granules

Colorless or white solid; Slightly hygroscopic; [Hawley] White powder; [MSDSonline]

SOLN PRODUCES EFFERVESCENCE WITH SODIUM CARBONATE; NEUTRAL, OR PRACTICALLY NEUTRAL, TO METHYL ORANGE TEST SOLN /SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE MONOHYDRATE/

Slightly hygroscopic ... Has acid reaction; forms sodium acid pyrophosphate at 225-250 °C and sodium metaphosphate at 350-400 °C

Colorless, orthorhombic crystals; MP: 60 °C (decomposes); density: 1.91 g/cu cm; 94.9 g/100 g water at 25 °C. Insoluble in ethanol /Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate/

Orthorhombic bisphenoidal colorless crystals, mp 60 °C, specific gravity 1.915. At room temp crystallizes with 2H2O. /Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate/

White, odorless, slightly deliquescent crystals or granules. At 100 °C loses all its water; when ignited it converts into metaphosphate. Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in alcohol. The aqueous soln is acid. pH of 0.1 molar aq soln at 25 °C: 4.5. /Sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate/

Reacts slowly on exposure to water (moisture) with (some) metals. On burning: release of toxic and corrosive gases/vapours (phosphorus oxides). Reacts violently with (some) acids/bases.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 89% (597 of 671) of all reports.

Warning

H319 (11%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P264+P265, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P317 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 671 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.；Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 597 of 671 reports by companies.；There are 9 notifications provided by 74 of 671 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Chemical: Phosphoric acid, monosodium salt

Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 (amended)

Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 25-11-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15379

Sodium phosphate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Emergency treatment: Inorganic phosphates; Inorganic phosphates can cause diarrhea, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia after ingestion; An adult died after receiving four sodium phosphate enemas within 24 hours; he had electrolyte abnormalities and died from cardiac arrest; [HSDB] A mild eye irritant in rabbits and humans; [RTECS]

Monosodium orthophosphate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.

Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a multiple purpose food substance in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/

Sodium acid phosphate used as a sequestrant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a sequesterant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/

For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

WHO; Diseases Caused by Phosphorus and Its Toxic Compounds; Early Detection of Occupational Diseases pg 53-62 (1986). Review of diseases and health related effects resulting from exposure to phosphorus or phosphorus cmpd.

European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Sodium dihydrogenorthophosphate (7558-80-7) (2000 CD-ROM edition).[Available from, as of March, 6 2009: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

Residues of sodium dihydrogen phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: Buffering agent. Limit: None.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (b) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to ... dairy processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. Phosphoric acid, monosodium salt is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 350 ppm.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to ... food-processing equipment and utensils. Phosphoric acid, monosodium salt is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 350 ppm.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Monosodium phosphate is found on List D. Case No: 4053; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: None of the active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants. All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as "unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.; Active ingredient (AI): sodium phosphate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products. Thus, we characterize it as "cancelled.".

Eye Irrit. 2 (11%)

Not Classified

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

Incompatibilities: Since sodium biphosphate is an acid salt, it is incompatible with carbonates & alkalies in general. In solution with methenamine it causes slow evolution of formaldehyde. /Sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate/

Suitable extinguishing media: Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

The product itself does not burn.

Store in original containers. Keep containers securely sealed.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Hygroscopic. Keep in a dry place.

Accidental Release Measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Waste treatment methods. Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

Residues of sodium dihydrogen phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: Buffering agent. Limit: None.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (b) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to ... dairy processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. Phosphoric acid, monosodium salt is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 350 ppm.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to ... food-processing equipment and utensils. Phosphoric acid, monosodium salt is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 350 ppm.

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Impervious clothing, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: For nuisance exposures use type P95 (US) or type P1 (EU EN 143) particle respirator. For higher level protection use type OV/AG/P99 (US) or type ABEK-P2 (EU EN 143) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Local exhaust ventilation is required where solids are handled as powders or crystals; even when particulates are relatively large, a certain proportion will be powdered by mutual friction. If in spite of local exhaust an adverse concentration of the substance in air could occur, respiratory protection should be considered.

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium glycerophosphate inhibited intestinal calcium absorption in rats when administered simultaneously with 5-50 mmoles calcium chloride solution by gavage or in situ in ligatured jejunal loops.

The effects of sodium phosphate dibasic disodium phosphate buffer on in vivo release and on ocular and systemic absorption of timolol administered in matrices of monoisopropyl ester of polymethylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride ocularly to rabbits was studied; the vasoconstrictor phenylephrine methaoxedrine was added to some matrices to reduce the systemic absorption of timolol. The unbuffered matrix yielded a lower peak concentration of timolol in tear fluid and a lower steady-state concentration in plasma 3 hr later than the buffered one. Thus, sodium phosphate dibasic increases the rate of timolol release from the inserts several fold in tear fluid. Coadministration of phenylephrine in buffered matrices decreased the peak timolol concentration in plasma about 3 times and increased that in tear fluid about 2 fold. In iris-ciliary body, administration of buffered matrices resulted in timolol concentrations that were comparable with the levels after eye drop instillation. Compared to the unbuffered matrices, sodium phosphate dibasic, with or without phenylephrine, at least doubled the concentration ratio of iris-ciliary body to plasma.

The effect of aluminum on the renal handling of phosphate was studied in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups. The first group consisted of intact animals. The second consisted of rats that had been thyroparathyroidectomized. The third group consisted of thyroparathyroidectomized rats that were infused with 18.0 millimolar phosphate solution (disodium-phosphate monosodium-phosphate) ratio 4 to 1). Each group was subdivided into animals that were infused with 2.8 micrograms per milliliter aluminum for 3 hours or saline (controls). Glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate, fractional excretion of phosphate, plasma calcium, sodium, and phosphate, blood pH, and urinary cyclic-adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate were measured at selected intervals. Liver, kidney, and brain aluminum concentrations were measured at selected times. In intact animals, fractional excretion of phosphate increased significantly after 3 hours of aluminum infusion. Plasma calcium and phosphate decreased. In the thyroparathyroidectomized animals, fractional excretion of phosphate increased after 3 hours of aluminum infusion and after 2 and 3 hours in animals that also received phosphates. Urinary cyclic-adenosine-3',5'- monophosphate concentrations were not significantly affected in thyroparathyroidectomized rats infused with phosphates. Glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate, and plasma sodium were also not significantly affected. Blood pH was not significantly different between saline and aluminum infused rats in any group. Brain and kidney aluminum concentrations were not significantly affected by aluminum infusion. Liver aluminum concentrations were not significantly higher in all aluminum infused animals. The authors conclude that aluminum infusion inhibits renal phosphate reabsorption by a mechanism that does not involve parathyroid hormone, blood pH, or 3',5'-monophosphate.

Oral administration is safer, but careful monitoring of serum electrolyte levels and renal function is necessary. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur and may be dose dependent. Concomitant use of antacids containing aluminum and/or magnesium should be avoided, because they may bind phosphate and prevent it absorption (calcium antacids also may bind phosphate, and it is assumed that these agents are not given to hypercalcemic patients). /Monobasic or dibasic sodium or potassium phosphate/

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Sodium dihydrogen phosphate is a white crystalline powder. It is used as a pH buffer, in baking powders; in boiler water treatment; and as a dry acidulant and sequestrant for foods. In addition, it is a buffering agent (electroplating baths); acidulant (processed meats, egg products, powdered drinks); builder (industrial cleaning formulations); metal phosphatizing reagent; mineral supplement; softening/conditioning agent (boiler water treatment); textile dyeing/printing auxiliary. In medicine, it is used as an enema solution. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Purposeful or accidental ingestion of more than the recommended dosage of tablets might be expected to lead to severe electrolyte disturbances, including hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hypernatremia, or hypokalemia, as well as dehydration and hypovolemia, with attendant signs and symptoms of these disturbances. Certain severe electrolyte disturbances may lead to cardiac arrhythmias, seizure, renal failure, and death. Prolongation of the QT interval has been observed in some patients who were dosed with Visicol tablets (sodium phosphate, monobasic, monohydrate and sodium phosphate, dibasic anhydrous). QT prolongation with Visicol tablets has been associated with electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia and hypocalcemia. The estimated fatal dose of sodium phosphates is 50 g. Orally administered sodium phosphate-associated colonic mucosal abnormalities are infrequent but can mimic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced injury or inflammatory bowel disease, and in particular must be differentiated from Crohn's disease. ANIMAL STUDIES: Doses of 250 g/kg by mouth produced diarrhea in rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. Six days of sodium dihydrogen phosphate treatment in rats consistently produced calcification of basement membranes of proximal tubules in the mid-cortex, followed by calcification of casts and basement membranes in the outer medulla and papilla after 10 days. Injection of 10.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Within a 16-month period, 730 of patients referred for elective colonoscopy entered the study. Patients with known inflammatory bowel disease and those taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were excluded. A sodium phosphate solution was ingested orally 14 and 8 hours before endoscopy. After standard colonoscopy, a 3-year clinical follow-up program was conducted. Endoscopically, mucosal lesions, possibly associated with sodium phosphate ingestion, were visible in 24 patients (3.3%). Erosions were found in 3 patients, aphthoid lesions in 21 patients, and an ulcer in one patient. Lesions often were multiple. Histopathologically, findings included focal active inflammation in 14 of 24 patients, mucosal disruption and erosion (7/24), edema of the lamina propria (5/24), mucosal hyperemia or focal hemorrhage (5/24), lymphoid nodules (5/24), and ulceration (1/24). Orally administered sodium phosphate-associated colonic mucosal abnormalities are infrequent but can mimic an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced injury or inflammatory bowel disease, and in particular must be differentiated from Crohn's disease. /Sodium phosphate solution/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The estimated fatal dose of sodium phosphates is 50 g. The corrosive effect is strong irritation & erythema, blistering. /Alkalies & phosphates; from table/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Purposeful or accidental ingestion of more than the recommended dosage of Visicol tablets might be expected to lead to severe electrolyte disturbances, including hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hypernatremia, or hypokalemia, as well as dehydration and hypovolemia, with attendant signs and symptoms of these disturbances. Certain severe electrolyte disturbances may lead to cardiac arrhythmias, seizure, renal failure, and death. /Sodium phosphate, monobasic, monohydrate and sodium phosphate, dibasic anhydrous/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute phosphate nephropathy (APN) is a clinicopathological entity causing renal failure, after ingestion of oral sodium phosphate solution (OSPS). Approximately 25 cases have been described, but OSPS is still widely used. This study reports a further 5 cases and discusses the ever-growing significance of APN. Five cases of APN were included, 3 retrospectively whereas 2 were diagnosed prospectively. In all, use of OSPS was established, and other causes of nephrocalcinosis were excluded. Average age was 67.4 +/- 7.0 years, with a female preponderance (4:1). All patients had hypertension. Baseline serum creatinine: 0.7 to 1.2 mg/dL (creatinine clearance: 52 to 77 mL/min). Time from colonoscopy to presentation was 56 +/- 36 days. Serum creatinine levels at presentation: 1.4 to 3.6 mg/dL. Time from colonoscopy to renal biopsy was 123 +/- 88 days. Urinalysis showed minimal proteinuria, leucocyturia, and hematuria. One patient had renal glucosuria. All patients were anemic (hemoglobin 8.8-11.4 gr/dL). Serum calcium and phosphate were normal. One required hemodialysis. Mean follow-up was 36 +/- 17 months. Serum creatinine levels at end of follow-up were 1.3 to 3.1 mg/dL. Renal function did not recover completely in any patient. Four required long-term erythropoietin treatment. The prominent histopathological findings were calcium-phosphate tubular depositions (100%), interstitial fibrosis (80%), hypertensive changes (80%), and acute tubular degenerative and regenerative changes (60%). /Sodium phosphate solution/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Doses of 250 g/kg by mouth ... produced diarrhea in rats, guinea pigs and rabbits.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Rats were given daily injections (1 mL/100g of the initial body weight)of 0.5 M phosphate for periods of 2-10 days. The development of nephrocalcinosis was studied using histology, histochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative estimations of total kidney Ca and phosphate. Six days of phosphate treatment consistently produced calcification of basement membranes of proximal tubules in the mid-cortex, followed calcification of casts and basement membranes in the outer medulla and papilla after 10 days. The total Ca content of the kidney increased progressively during treatment but phosphate increased only in the latter stages. Electron microscopy showed mitochondrial changes in proximal tubular cells after only 2 days of phosphate treatment, followed by thickening of the basal laminae and alterations to the basal parts of proximal tubular cells. The initial renal damage probably was caused directly by a toxic effect of the phosphate load on the kidney and indirectly, by stimulation of the parathyroid glands. Subsequent renal damage probably resulted from the accumulative effect of the phosphate injections. Daily doses of 1M phosphate produced nephrocalcinosis after only 3 days. Ca was deposited as casts, similar to those previously found using high doses of phosphate. Twice daily injections of 0.25 M phosphate for 6 days did not induce nephrocalcinosis while twice daily injections of 0.357 M phosphate produced fewer Ca deposits than did injections of 0.5 M phosphate given once daily for 6 days. In the clinical use of phosphate, several small doses given over a long period may be preferable to a single large dose.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Effects of the bladder tumor promoter Na3PO4 and the non-bladder-tumor promoter NaH2PO4 on development of hyperplastic lesions of urinary bladder and renal papilla/pelvis were investigated after exposure of male F344 rats to the nongenotoxic carcinogen uracil. Animals were administered with 3.0% uracil in the diet for 4 weeks and thereafter fed 3.0% Na3PO4 or 3.0% NaH2PO4 for 32 weeks. No enhancing effect of either phosphate salt on uracil-induced proliferative lesions of urinary bladder was observed. However, the sequential treatments gave rise to enhanced development of hyperplastic lesions in the renal papilla/pelvis compared to the case with uracil alone. In addition, a small number of renal pelvic papillomas were observed in the group given Na3PO4 after uracil. These phosphate salts also induced nephrocalcinosis in the papilla/pelvic concomitant with development of renal hyperplastic lesions in this location...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ Injection of 10.0 mg/chicken egg in air cell & yolk @ 0 & 96 hr, caused celosomia, exencephaly, microcephaly, brachygnathia, hyperplasia of heart, ablepharia, torticollis, microphthalmia, anophthalmia, coloma, ectromelia, phocomelia, buphthalmia, & cleft palate anomalies

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Phosphate should not be given to patients with impaired renal function or hyperphosphatemia. They should not be given to patients with alkaline urine due to urinary tract infections because increased calcium and phosphate concentrations in the alkaline urine increase the risk of calcium phosphate stones. /Monobasic or dibasic sodium or potassium phosphate/

An elderly woman developed severe hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and cardiac arrest after oral administration of sodium phosphate in preparation for colonoscopy. This is an unusual complication and is attributed to decreased phosphate excretion by the kidneys. At increased risk are patients with impaired renal function, age more than 65 years, and presenting with intestinal obstruction or decreased intestinal motility, increased intestinal permeability, liver cirrhosis, or congestive heart failure...

A case of hypocalcemia is reported in a 58-yr-old man with polycystic kidney disease given rectal Fleet enema (sodium phosphate monobasic (sodium biphosphate), combination, sodium phosphate dibasic) for the treatment of constipation. Two ampuls of calcium chloride were administered IV followed by an infusion. The patient responded rapidly to therapy. Since constipation is often a problem in patients with renal insufficiency, physicians should be aware in specifying mineral oil enema on prescriptions instead of simply Fleet enema. /Sodium phosphate monobasic (sodium biphosphate), combination, sodium phosphate dibasic/

... It was recommended that phosphate enemas not be used in children under 3 yr of age, and that they should be used only with caution at reduced doses in older children. /Sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate monobasic/

For more Populations at Special Risk (Complete) data for SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of sodium dihydrogen phosphate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 289,281 workers (145,939 of these are female) are potentially exposed to sodium dihydrogen phosphate in the US(1).

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

After major surgery, seven infants aged 4 to 29 weeks, under parenteral nutrition, received monosodium phosphate (4.2 to 14.3 mEq/kg body weight) instead of prescribed calcium gluconate. The wrong solution was perfused during 16 hours. At the 15th hour, blood samples showed hyperphosphatemia in all (8.0 to 14.4 mg/100 mL) and hypocalcemia in four infants (6.1 to 8.9 mg/100 mL), but all were asymptomatic. Under a perfusion of glucose in water, calcemia and phosphatemia returned to normal within 24 hours. In a review of the pediatric literature, ... 11 subjects /were found/ with symptomatic acute phosphate intoxication, who also presented with hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. The differences were that they received high bolus doses of phosphate orally or rectally and showed symptomatic features. Normalization of the calcemia occurred only when hyperphosphatemia was corrected throughout intravenous hydration.

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1

PPRTV Current

4

PPRTV Current

FAO/WHO Expert Committee on food additives ... recommended ... /levels/ for total dietary phosphorus ... unconditional acceptance level /of less than 30 mg/kg body wt/ is considered safe in any type of diet ... conditional acceptance level /of 30-70 mg/kg body wt/ is acceptable only when dietary calcium level is high. /Phosphates/

LD50 Rat intramuscular 250 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 8290 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral /greater than/ 2000 mg/kg bw.

LD50 Rabbit dermal /greater than/ 7940 mg/kg bw.

Chemical: Phosphoric acid, monosodium salt

Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 (amended)

Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 25-11-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15379

Sodium phosphate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Monosodium orthophosphate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.

Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a multiple purpose food substance in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/

Sodium acid phosphate used as a sequestrant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a sequesterant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/

For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Residues of sodium dihydrogen phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: Buffering agent. Limit: None.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (b) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to ... dairy processing equipment, and food-processing equipment and utensils. Phosphoric acid, monosodium salt is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 350 ppm.

Residues of the following chemical substances are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation, provided that the substance is applied on a semi-permanent or permanent food-contact surface (other than being applied on food packaging) with adequate draining before contact with food. ... (c) The following chemical substances when used as ingredients in an antimicrobial pesticide formulation may be applied to ... food-processing equipment and utensils. Phosphoric acid, monosodium salt is included on this list. Limit: When ready for use, the end-use concentration is not to exceed 350 ppm.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Monosodium phosphate is found on List D. Case No: 4053; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: None of the active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants. All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as "unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.; Active ingredient (AI): sodium phosphate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products. Thus, we characterize it as "cancelled.".

Sodium phosphate is thought to work by increasing the amount of solute present in the intestinal lumen thereby creating an osmotic gradient which draws water into the lumen.

... /Promotes/ defecation by retaining water in the intestinal lumen through osmotic forces. ... May also act by stimulating release of cholecystokinin. /Sodium phosphate & sodium biphosphate (Fleet's enema & Fleet's Phospho-soda)/

Phosphorus in the form of organic and inorganic phosphate has a variety of important biochemical functions in the body and is involved in many significant metabolic and enzyme reactions in almost all organs and tissues. It exerts a modifying influence on the steady state of calcium levels, a buffering effect on acid-base equilibrium and a primary role in the renal excretion of hydrogen ion.

Tmax for phosphate absorption with orally administered liquid sodium phosphate is 1-3h.

... Phosphates are slowly and incompletely absorbed ... . /Dibasic and monobasic sodium phosphate/

Intravenously infused phosphorus not taken up by the tissues is excreted almost entirely in the urine. Plasma phosphorus is believed to be filterable by the renal glomeruli, and the major portion of filtered phosphorus (greater than 80%) is actively reabsorbed by the tubules. Many modifying influences tend to alter the amount excreted in the urine.

An open-label pharmacokinetic study of Visicol in healthy volunteers was performed to determine the concentration-time profile of serum inorganic phosphorus levels after Visicol administration. All subjects received a total of 60 grams of sodium phosphate with a total liquid volume of 3.6 quarts. Subjects received a 30 gram dose (20 tablets given as 3 tablets every 15 minutes with 8 ounces of clear liquids) beginning at 6 PM and then received a second 30 gram dose (20 tablets given as 3 tablets every 15 minutes with 8 ounces of clear liquids) the following morning beginning at 6 AM. Twenty-three healthy subjects (mean age 57 years old; 57% male and 43% female; and 65% Hispanic, 30% Caucasian, and 4% African-American) participated in this pharmacokinetic study. The serum phosphorus level rose from a mean (+/- standard deviation) baseline of 4.0 (+/- 0.7) mg/dL to 7.7 (+/- 1.6 mg/dL), at a median of 3 hours after the administration of the first 30 gram dose of Visicol tablets The serum phosphorus level rose to a mean of 8.4 (+/- 1.9) mg/dL, at a median of 4 hours after the administration of the second 30 gram dose of Visicol tablets. The serum phosphorus level remained above baseline for a median of 24 hours after the administration of the initial dose of Visicol tablets (range 16 to 48 hours).

Used as a pH buffer (baking powders, fleet enema solutions, electroplating baths, and acid cleaners), sequestrant for foods, emulsifier, laboratory reagent, metal phosphatising reagent, and textile dyeing/printing auxiliary; Also used to treat boiler water and wastewater, remove halogen from waste gases, supplement animal feed, and acidify urine; [HSDB]

Acid and Alkali Cleaning of Metals [Category: Clean]；Electroplating [Category: Plate]；Sewer and Wastewater Treatment [Category: Industry]；Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing) [Category: Industry]；Farming (Feed Additives) [Category: Industry]

For monosodium dihydrogen phosphate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 076409) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

pH Buffer

In baking powders; in boiler water treatment; as dry acidulant and sequestrant for foods.

2023: 25,000,000 - <40,000,000 lb；2022: 25,000,000 - <40,000,000 lb；2021: 25,000,000 - <40,000,000 lb；2020: 25,000,000 - <40,000,000 lb

(1972) 3.05X10+10 GRAMS

(1975) 3.73X10+10 GRAMS

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.[Table#2058]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Phosphoric acid, sodium salt. Aggregated National Production Volume: 10 to < 50 million pounds.

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: Phosphoric acid, sodium salt. National Production Volume: 20,508,649 lb/yr.

44% AS AN ADDITIVE FOR ANIMAL FEEDS; 35-41% AS AN INDUSTRIAL & INSTITUTIONAL DETERGENT BUILDER, AND IN WATER TREATMENT; 12-15% IN TEXTILE PROCESSING; 1-2% IN THE CURING OF RED MEATS; 1-2% AS AN EMULSIFIER IN PROCESSED CHEESE; 3-6% AS A FOOD ADDITIVE IN OTHER APPLICATIONS; 3-6% IN MISC APPLICATIONS, INCL TO ADJUST PH IN ELECTROPLATING SOLUTIONS, & FOR EXPORT (1973)

Surface modifier；Processing aids, specific to petroleum production；Anti-scaling agent；Intermediate；Chelating agent；Adhesion/cohesion promoter；Corrosion inhibitor；Thickening agent；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable；Brightener；Cleaning agent；pH regulating agent；Plating agent；Processing aids not otherwise specified；Lubricating agent；Binder；Other；CBI；Anti-caking agent

Sodium monophosphates are usually produced by neutralization of phosphoric acid with soda ash or caustic soda. The latter is predominantly used in Germany, while in the United States, the less expensive soda ash prevails. The basicity of sodium carbonate is insufficient for the formation of trisodium phosphate, so that caustic soda must be used in this step. The phosphates crystallize from the solutions as hydrates and are separated by centrifugation. Anhydrous salts are obtained by dehydration in rotary dryers or directly from the solutions by spray drying or in rotary kilns. Both thermal phosphoric acid and the cheaper wet phosphoric acid are used as starting materials. The very pure thermal phosphoric acid is generally used in the production of food-grade phosphates. /Sodium monophosphates/

Thermal phosphoric acid is used preferentially for production of monosodium phosphate. Wet phosphoric acid is less suitable because the impurities are only partially precipitated in the neutralization with soda ash or caustic soda up to the first stage, so that additional recrystallization would be required to purify the phosphate. The dihydrate and the anhydrous salt are the usual commercial forms.

By treating disodium phosphate with proper proportion of phosphoric acid.

Visicol: sodium phosphate, monobasic, monohydrate and sodium phosphate, dibasic anhydrous

Fleet's enema: soln (sodium phosphate 6 g & sodium biphosphate 16 g). Fleet's phospho-soda: ... (sodium phosphate 18 g & sodium biphosphate 48 g). /Sodium phosphate & sodium biphosphate- from table/

Sodium Phosphates Injection, USP, 3 mM P/mL (millimoles/mL)... Each mL contains 276 mg of monobasic sodium phosphate, monohydrate and 142 mg of dibasic sodium phosphate, anhydrous (equivalent to 268 mg of dibasic sodium phosphate, heptahydrate). ... It contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer.

Purity: It is about 99% pure.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Food additives

Fragrance Ingredients

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; SEQUESTRANT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; SEQUESTRANT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; SEQUESTRANT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; SEQUESTRANT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Transportation Equipment Manufacturing；Primary Metal Manufacturing；Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities；Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing；Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing；Wholesale and Retail Trade；Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing；Utilities；Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing；All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing；CBI；Miscellaneous Manufacturing；Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing；Machinery Manufacturing；Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing；All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing；Other (requires additional information)；Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing；Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing；Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

Biological denitrification of wastewater for human waste treatment

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate was added to waste solution from regeneration of ammonia-adsorbed zeolite, to remove ammonia from resulting precipitate.

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate enhanced dentifrice composition

Various phosphoric acids and phosphates were examined and effects of concentration, temperature, and metal ions on stability of ascorbic acid were investigated to develop a good stabilizer for ascorbic acid. A considerable stabilizing effect was observed for sodium dihydrogen phosphate.