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三溴化硼
晶碱石 · 溴化硼 · 三溴化 · 天然碱 · 三溴化硼 · 碳酸钠石 · 三溴硼烷 · 丝光晶碱石
标识与物理属性
| CAS No. | 10294-33-4 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | BBr3 |
| 平均分子量 | 250.53 g/mol |
| 单同位素质量 | 247.7643167 g/mol |
| SMILES | BrB(Br)Br |
| InChIKey | ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 25134 |
| EC No. | 233-657-9 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID4065028 |
| 中文名 | 三溴化硼 |
化学与物理性质
| 极性表面积 | 0 |
|---|---|
| 氢键供体 | 0 |
| 氢键受体 | 0 |
| 可旋转键 | 0 |
| 重原子 | 4 |
| 形式电荷 | 0 |
| 复杂度 | 8 |
| 物质类别 | Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Other Toxic Gases & VaporsCorrosives |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | dielectric constant |
| 气味 | Sharp, irritating odorPungent |
| 密度 | 2.645 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink2.6 g/cu cmRelative density (water = 1): 2.72.64 at 68 °F2.650 @ 0°C(65 °F): 2.642.60 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.) |
| Viscosity | 0.731 cP at 75 °F (liquid) |
| Color/Form | Colorless, fuming liquid |
| 溶解性 | Decomposes (NIOSH, 2024)Soluble in carbon tetrachloride, sulfur dioxide (liquid), sulfur dichloridemoderately soluble in methylcyclohexaneSolubility in water: reactionMiscible with ethanol and carbon tetrachloride.Reacts with water. |
| Corrosivity | Strongly attacks metals and woodCorrosive to rubber and bakeliteCorrosive to tissue |
| 沸点 | 196 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)91.3 °C91 °C194 °F91.3 °C @760 [mm Hg]~90 °C |
| Decomposition | On decomposition, /one mole of/ boron tribromide would be expected to produce three moles of hydrogen bromide.When heated to decomposition, emits toxic fumes of /bromides/.The toxic action of the halogenated borons is considerably influenced by their decomposition products (hydrofluoric acid-, fluoboric acid-, hydrochloric acid-). /Halogenated borons/ |
| 熔点 | -51 °F (USCG, 1999)-46 °C−46 °C(lit.) |
| 蒸气密度 | Relative vapor density (air = 1): 8.68.6 (vs air) |
| 蒸气压 | 40 mm Hg ( 14 °C) |
| 闪点 | 30 °F |
| 折射率 | 1.4340 |
| 储存条件 | Poison room |
| 形态 | Solution |
| 颜色 | colorless |
| 比重 | 2.65 |
| 比热容 | Cp(gas): 0.27 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| 敏感性 | Moisture Sensitive |
| Merck | 14,1347 |
| 介电常数 | 2.6(0℃) |
| 稳定性 | Stable, but reacts violently with water. |
| InChI | 1S/BBr3/c2-1(3)4 |
| InChIKey | ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | BrB(Br)Br |
| CAS 数据库 | 10294-33-4(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA化学物质信息 | Boron tribromide (10294-33-4) |
化学性质
天然碱为单斜晶系，晶体呈板状，无色、灰色、黄色或褐色。 易溶于水。有碱味。
安全与法规
| GHS 分类 | DangerH300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral] |
|---|---|
| Hazards Identification | Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH) |
| 法规信息 | Chemical: Borane, tribromo-Status: Active Update: 18-09-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/31639Boron tribromide: HSNO Approval: HSR002916 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 其他安全信息 | IMAP assessments - Borane, tribromo-: Human health tier I assessment |
| 运输标签（DOT） | Corrosive Poison Inhalation Hazard |
| 火灾危害 | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic fumes of the chemical or hydrogen bromide may form in fires. (USCG, 1999)· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.Not combustible. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with water. Risk of fire and explosion as a result of decomposition when heated. |
| 火灾可能性 | Not flammable |
| 健康危害 | Inhalation causes severe irritation of mucous membranes. Ingestion causes burns of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes or skin causes severe burns. (USCG, 1999)· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. |
| 危害概述 | Liquid will burn skin[CHRIS] Toxic effects are similar to those of hydrogen bromide (which is released when BBr3 reacts violently with water). [ACGIH] A corrosive that can cause pulmonary edema[ICSC] |
| 运输编号与指南（DOT） | 2692 157 |
| 反应性基团 | Halogenating Agents |
| 欧共体分类 | Symbol: T+, CR: 14-26/28-35S: (1/2)-9-26-28-36/37/39-45 |
| 联合国分类 | UN Hazard Class: 8UN Pack Group: I |
| 消防 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. NO water. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water. |
| 急救措施 | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . |
| 泄漏应急措施 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| 急救 | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Boron tribromide:General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| 安全储存 | Separated from incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Dry. Ventilation along the floor. |
| 暴露控制与个人防护 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016]. |
| 灭火程序 | Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire. Use dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. DO NOT use water. Violent reaction may result.If material involved in fire: Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. |
| 储存条件 | Separate from alkalies, oxidizing materials, alcohols, ethers, alkali metals, phosphorus, wood. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location.Separated from incompatible materials. ...Cool. Dry. Ventilation along the floor.Keep container in a well ventilated place.Usual shipping containers: Glass bottle or metal can inside wooden boxsteel or nickel cylinders, tanks. Packaged under nitrogen gas.Store under dry inert aatmosphere. Reacts violently with water, alcohols. |
| 清理方法 | Releases may require isolation or evacuation. Keep water away from release. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Approach release from upwind. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.If material not involed in fire: Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime.Small quantities of boron tribromide may be destroyed by cautious addition to a large volume of ... water containing ice.It is ... highly dangerous to wash glass ampoules of boron tribromide with water under any circumstances.For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for BORON TRIBROMIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 非火灾泄漏应对 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: |
| 处置方法 | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal. |
| 泄漏处置 | Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Treatment | EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. |
| 靶器官 | Eyes, skin, respiratory system |
| 健康影响 | Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627) |
| 不良影响 | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns. |
| 暴露途径 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactOral (L626)inhalation (L626)dermal (L626) |
| 毒性概述 | Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543) |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.Redness. Skin burns. Pain. Blisters.Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.Abdominal cramps. Burning sensation. Weakness. Diarrhoea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.irritation eyes, skin, respiratory systemeye, skin burnsdyspnea (breathing difficulty), pulmonary edemaBromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627) |
| Medical Surveillance | No specific considerations are needed for boric acid or borates except for general health and liver and kidney function. /Boric acid and borates/ |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Boron tribromide ... is severely corrosive to the eye. In one instance it has caused severe localized scarring of cornea and conjunctiva./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. Causes severe burns./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are ... dyspnea, pulmonary edema./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE: The substance is corrosive to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause lung edema.For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BORON TRIBROMIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Carcinogen Classification | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
| Probable Routes of Human Exposure | NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,554 workers (878 of these are female) are potentially exposed to boron tribromide(1). Occupational exposure to boron tribromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where boron tribromide is produced or used(SRC).Industrial exposures ... occur from release ... into the worker atmosphere as well as from production & handling ... /Boron halides/ |
| Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary | The chemistry of boron is dominated by its tendency to form stable bonds with electronegative atoms, especially oxygen. Reduced boron compounds (halides, hydrides, alkyls and aryls) tend to oxidize and hydrolyze readily, and would be expected to be converted into various boron-oxide compounds in the environment. Inorganic boron compounds are nonvolatile and would not be expected to volatilize from moist or dry soil surfaces. (SRC) |
| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | Boron tribromide12.6745A Commercial GradeA Placarded AmountWeapons of Mass Effect chemical material that, if stolen or diverted, can be converted into weapons using simple chemistry, equipment, or techniques. |
| 州饮用水指南 | (CA) CALIFORNIA 1000 ug/L /Boron/(NH) NEW HAMPSHIRE 630 ug/L /Boron/(ME) MAINE 1,400 ug/L /Boron/(MN) MINNESOTA 1,000 ug/L /Boron/(WI) WISCONSIN 960 ug/L /Boron/ |
| 联邦饮用水指南 | EPA 600 ug/L /Boron/ |
| F | 10-21 |
| 水危害等级（WGK） | 3 |
| TSCA 清单状态 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 号 | ED7400000 |
| 包装类别 | I |
| 危险类别 | 8Acute Tox. 2 InhalationAcute Tox. 2 OralCarc. 2Eye Dam. 1Skin Corr. 1ASTOT SE 3 |
| 储存类别 | 6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2very toxic hazardous materials |
| 安全说明（S） | 9-26-28-36/37/39-45-23-33-16-62-61-60 |
| 海关编码 | 28129090 |
| 危险品标志 | T+,C,F,N |
| 危险类别码（R） | 14-26/28-35-40-62-11-67-65-50/53-37-51/53-48/20 |
| 毒害物质数据 | 10294-33-4(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| 职业暴露限值（OEL） | Ceiling: 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) |
| 运输编号（UN） | UN 2692 |
毒性
三溴化硼对人体组织有强烈的刺激作用，其蒸气剧毒，腐蚀性较强。操作时穿戴好防毒面具、手套和防护服。严禁吸人蒸气。中毒后迅即送往医院治疗。
职业标准
TWA 1 PPM (10 毫克/ 立方米)
爆炸物危险特性
遇水或受热分解可爆气体； 水解产物对皮肤，角膜有腐蚀性
可燃性危险特性
遇水或受热分解有毒溴化物和硼化物气体
储运特性
库房通风低温干燥; 与碱类分开存放。
灭火剂
干砂、二氧化碳、干石粉、干土
用途与应用
简介
三溴化硼是一个无机化合物，室温下为无色液体，与空气中的水分反应发烟，生成硼酸和溴化氢。它可由三氧化二硼、碳和溴单质共热制得：反应中先生成单质硼，然后硼直接与溴反应化合。
用途
是生产烧碱、小苏打、纯碱的主要化工原料，广泛用于制碱工业
用途
用作半导体硅的掺杂源，还可用于高纯硼和有机硼化合物的制取
用途
天然碱主要用于制取纯碱、烧碱、小苏打等产品。纯碱是重要的工业原料，广泛用于玻璃、化工、轻工、纺织、漂染、冶金、石油加工、医药、食品等方面。烧碱主要用于人造纤维、造纸、染料、肥皂、塑料、医药、农药等方面。小苏打主要用于食品、塑料、橡胶、医药、印染、鞣革、农业浸种等领域。
用途
用作半导体的掺杂材料，有机合成的催化剂、中间体和溴化剂。是制造高纯硼及其他有机硼化合物的原料。
用途
用于有机硼合成和高纯硼的制取
用途
用作有机合成的催化剂、中间体和溴化剂，制造高纯硼及其它有机硼化合物的原料。
制备与合成方法
生产方法
直接合成法将干燥的元素硼粉装入管式反应炉的反应管中，为使反应能充分进行，反应管内应放入一定量的填料，填料材质与管壁同。将反应管加热至850℃，另外将溴素在溴釜中也同时加热至微沸，然后通人反应管。反应生成的溴化硼液体在脱溴器中与活性炭、锌粉和铝屑共同加热回流至生成的溴化硼为无色为止，再经粗馏、精馏，制得完全无色的溴化硼成品。其2B+3Br2→2BBr3
生产方法
盐湖碱矿一般露天开采，古代碱矿一般地下溶解法开采。采选工艺流程1．露天开采2地下溶解法