氯化锂无水合物 (HCID 28486)

名称与标识

首选名称: Lithium ion
IUPAC: lithium(1+)
中文名: 氯化锂无水合物
英文名: Lithium ion (1+)
分子式: Li+
分子量: 6.94

名称与别名

lithium ionlithium cationLithium(1+)Lithium, ion (Li1+)17341-24-1lithium, ionLITHIUM ION CHROMATOGRAPHY STANDARDLi(+)8H8Z5UER66CHEBI:49713Lithium Monohydride;Lithium ions

展开更多名称

氯化锂无水合物LithiumcationLithium ion (1+)LITHIUM ION STANDARDLITHIUM, ION CHROMATOGRAPHY STANDARD SOLUTION

Li+Lithium(+)UNII-8H8Z5UER66lithium(I)lithium(I) cationLithium (I) ionLi(+) cationLi(+) ion

数据库标识

CAS: 17341-24-1、7439-93-2
PubChem CID: 28486
DTXSID: DTXSID10169612
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1234004
ChEBI: CHEBI:49713
UNII: 8H8Z5UER66
Nikkaji: J247.008J

性质

结构计算性质

极性表面积: 0 Å²
氢键供体: 0
氢键受体: 0
可旋转键: 0
重原子: 1
形式电荷: 1
复杂度: 0

实验与物化性质

SolubilityViolent reaction

Boiling Point1336

Melting Point · 2 条

180.5

190 °C

Physical DescriptionSolid

化学性质 · 1 条

锂的电子构型为（He）2s1。与其他碱金属不同，金属锂在室温下与水反应较慢，但能与氮气反应生成黑色的一氮化三锂Li3N晶体。锂的氧化态为＋1。在碱金属离子中，锂离子半径特别小（0.60埃），水合倾向非常大，水合能高达-519千焦／摩尔，水合离子半径最大(3.40埃)。锂盐在水中的溶解度与镁盐相似，与其他碱金属盐不同，锂的弱酸盐如氟化锂LiF、碳酸锂Li2CO3和磷酸锂Li3PO4都难溶于水。在碱金属氯化物中，只有氯化锂易溶于有机溶剂中。利用这种性质，可从其他碱金属氯化物中分离氯化锂，再转变为硫酸盐，以定量测定锂。锂的挥发性盐的火焰呈深红色，可以此定性检定锂。

化学与工业

药理信息

Pharmacodynamics · 1 条

Although lithium has been used for over 50 years in treatment of bipolar disorder, the mechanism of action is still unknown. Lithium's therapeutic action may be due to a number of effects, ranging from inhibition of enzymes such as glycogen synthase kinase 3, inositol phosphatases, or modulation of glutamate receptors.

Mechanism of Action · 1 条

The precise mechanism of action of Li+ as a mood-stabilizing agent is currently unknown. It is possible that Li+ produces its effects by interacting with the transport of monovalent or divalent cations in neurons. An increasing number of scientists have come to the conclusion that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is the key factor in understanding how lithium works. Lithium has been shown to change the inward and outward currents of glutamate receptors (especially GluR3), without a shift in reversal potential. Lithium has been found to exert a dual effect on glutamate receptors, acting to keep the amount of glutamate active between cells at a stable, healthy level, neither too much nor too little. It is postulated that too much glutamate in the space between neurons causes mania, and too little, depression. Another mechanism by which lithium might help to regulate mood include the non-competitive inhibition of an enzyme called inositol monophosphatase. Alternately lithium's action may be enhanced through the deactivation of the GSK-3B enzyme. The regulation of GSK-3B by lithium may affect the circadian clock. GSK-3 is known for phosphorylating and thus inactivating glycogen synthase. GSK-3B has also been implicated in the control of cellular response to damaged DNA. GSK-3 normally phosphorylates beta catenin, which leads to beta catenin degratation. When GSK-3 is inhibited, beta catenin increases and transgenic mice with overexpression of beta catenin express similar behaviour to mice treated with lithium. These results suggest that increase of beta catenin may be a possible pathway for the therapeutic action of lithium.

FDA Pharmacological Classification · 4 条

8H8Z5UER66

LITHIUM CATION

Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Mood Stabilizer

Lithium cation is a Mood Stabilizer.

应用领域 · 2 条

概述锂是最轻的金属(比重0.534)。1817年由J.A.阿弗韦聪发现。锂的元素符号为Li。原子量6.941(2)。原子序数3。银白色稀有软及最轻金属。熔点179℃，沸点1317℃，相对密度0.534，硬度0.6。化学性质极活泼，可直接与氢、氧、氮气化合。与水、酸激烈反应放出氢气。空气中极易被氧化变暗，空气中燃烧发出浅蓝色火焰，反应极其猛烈、危险，蒸气火焰呈红色。锂应贮存在煤油、液体石蜡、汽油或惰性气体中。在自然界中主要以锂辉石、锂云母及磷铝石矿的形式存在，也存在于某些地区的盐湖中。

用途无水氯化锂主要应用于熔盐电解生产金属锂的原料，同时还应用于铝的焊接剂、空调除湿剂、特种水泥生产及高分子材料聚苯硫醚的催化剂等领域。