化工社化工社化学信息打印报告 · 仅供科研参考
钠
钠 · 鈉條 · 曹打 · 钠丝 · 钠锭 · 钠棒 · 家属钠 · 鈉金屬
标识与物理属性
| CAS No. | 7440-23-5 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | Na |
| 平均分子量 | 22.9898 g/mol |
| 单同位素质量 | 22.98976928 g/mol |
| SMILES | [Na] |
| InChIKey | KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 5360545 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:26708 |
| EC No. | 231-132-9 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID1049774 |
| 中文名 | 钠 |
化学与物理性质
| 极性表面积 | 0 |
|---|---|
| 氢键供体 | 0 |
| 氢键受体 | 0 |
| 可旋转键 | 0 |
| 重原子 | 1 |
| 形式电荷 | 0 |
| 复杂度 | 0 |
| 密度 | 0.971 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than waterwill float0.968 g/cu cm at 20 °CIonization potential: 5.139 Vthermal conductivity: 132.3W/m K at 293.15 Kelectrical resistivity: 4.77x10-8 Ohm m at 293 Kcritical density: 206 kg/cu matomic radius in metallic lattice: 189.6 pm0.97 g/cm³0.97 @25 °C1.04 g/mL at 20 °C |
| Viscosity | 0.680 cP at 100 °C0.284 cP at 400 °C0.820 cP at 550 °C |
| Color/Form | Light, silvery-white metalbody-centered cubic structurelustrous when freshly cuttarnishes on exposure to air, becoming dull and graysoft at ordinary temperature, fairly hard at -20 °CWaxlike at room temperature, brittle at low temperaturesLight, soft, ductile, malleable, silver-white metal |
| 溶解性 | Insoluble in benzene, kerosene, naphthaDissolves in liquid ammonia to give blue solution: dissolves in mercury, forming sodium amalgamSolubility in water: reactionH2O: solubleREACTS |
| 沸点 | 1621 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)881.4 °C880 °C882.94 °C @760 [mm Hg]883 °C (lit.) |
| Decomposition | VIOLENTLY DECOMPOSES WATER, FORMING SODIUM HYDROXIDE & HYDROGEN ... .Decomp water & alcohol. |
| 熔点 | 207.5 °F (USCG, 1999)97.82 °CAlkali metalvalence 1naturally occurring isotope (stable): 23 (100%)heat capacity (solid): 0.292 cal/g °Cheat capacity (liquid at melting point): 0.331 cal/g °Cheat of fusion: 27.05 cal/greduction potential (aqueous) Na/Na+: 2.714 Vreacts vigorously with oxygen, burning with a yellow flamecombines directly with the halogens, with phosphorusreduces most oxides to the elemental state, reduces metallic chlorideswhen heated in ammonia gas yields sodamide97.4 °C97.794 °C97.8 °C (lit.) |
| 蒸气压 | 1.2 [mmHg]0.000185 Pa (1.39X10-6 mm Hg) at 400 K (127 °C)5.60 Pa (0.042 mm Hg) at 600 K (327 °C)Vapor pressure at 20 °C: negligible1 mm Hg ( 440 °C) |
| Surface Tension | 192 dyn/cm at melting point161 dyn/cm at 400 °C146 dyn/cm at 550 °C |
| 折射率 | INDEX OF REFRACTION: 4.22 |
| Heat of Vaporization | 3.874X10+6 J/kg at boiling point |
| Physical Description | Sodium appears as a silvery soft metal that becomes grayish white upon exposure to air. Shipped as a solid or molten liquid. Burns violently with explosions that may spatter the material. Used for making gasoline additives, electric power cable, sodium lamps, other chemicals.Dry PowderWet SolidOther SolidCBISilver to grayish-white, soft solid under kerosene[CHRIS]SILVERY SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS. |
| 闪点 | 128 °F |
| 储存条件 | water-free area |
| 形态 | pieces (large) |
| 颜色 | White to off-white |
| 比重 | 0.97 |
| Flame Color | Bright yellow |
| pH | 5.9 (20°C in H2O) |
| 电阻率 (resistivity) | 4.69 μΩ-cm, 20°C |
| 电导率 | 2.1× 107S/m |
| 比热容 | Cp(crystal): 1.23 J/(g·K)Cp(gas): 0.9 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| 热导率 | 140 W/(m·K) |
| 敏感性 | Air & Moisture Sensitive |
| Merck | 14,8570 |
| 稳定性 | Reacts violently with water, liberating and possibly igniting hydrogen. Flammable solid. Incompatible with water, strong oxidizing agents. Do not store near oxidants. Store under oil, or dry inert gas. Air sensitive. |
| 主要应用 | battery manufacturing |
| InChI | 1S/Na |
| InChIKey | MPMYQQHEHYDOCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [Na] |
| Hardness, Vickers | 0.10 |
| CAS 数据库 | 7440-23-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST化学物质信息 | Sodium(7440-23-5) |
| EPA化学物质信息 | Sodium (7440-23-5) |
化学性质
银白色轻软而具有延展性的金属。属立方晶系。 不溶于醚和苯。
安全与法规
| GHS 分类 | DangerH260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously [Danger Substances and mixtures which in contact with water, emit flammable gases]H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]P223, P231+P232, P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P335+P334, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P370+P378, P402+P404, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| 法规信息 | Chemical: SodiumHazard Traits - Environmental toxAuthoritative List - CWA 303(d)Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredientSodium is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Sodium are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 12-10-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13486Status: Active Update: 26-03-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23230Status: Active Update: 12-04-2013 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/6535Sodium: HSNO Approval: HSR001293 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 其他安全信息 | IMAP assessments - Sodium: Human health tier II assessmentIMAP assessments - Sodium: Environment tier I assessment |
| 运输标签（DOT） | Dangerous When Wet |
| 火灾危害 | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Fumes of burning Na are highly irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. (USCG, 1999)· Produce flammable gases on contact with water.· May ignite on contact with water or moist air.· Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.· May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.· May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.· Some are transported in highly flammable liquids.· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.Highly flammable. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with acids, halogens or water. |
| 火灾可能性 | VIOLENTLY DECOMPOSES WATER, FORMING SODIUM HYDROXIDE & HYDROGEN WHICH MAY IGNITE SPONTANEOUSLY.HEATED SODIUM IS SPONTANEOUSLY FLAMMABLE IN AIR.... Combustible solid. May ignite spontaneously on exposure to moist air ...... /Sodium/ is to some extent pyrophoric. Dispersions of sodium in volatile solvents may become pyrophoric if the solvent evaporates round the neck of a container.The ignition temp of sodium in air depends on size of surface exposed: vapor ignites at room tempdroplets at about 250 °Fan agitated pool at 400 °Fa calm pool at 500 to 800 °F. In the absence of moisture and hydrogen, the reaction is insignificant below 1000 °F. |
| 健康危害 | Severe burns caused by burning metal or by caustic soda formed by reaction with moisture on skin. (USCG, 1999)· Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.· May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water.· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. |
| 危害概述 | Can cause second or third degree burns after brief skin contact. [CHRIS] Reacts violently with water releasing hydrogen gas, which will ignite and explode in airReacts rapidly with moisture in air or tissues to form caustic sodium hydroxide[CHEMINFO MSDS] |
| 运输编号与指南（DOT） | 1428 138 |
| 反应性基团 | Metals, Alkali, Very Active |
| 欧共体分类 | Symbol: F, CR: 14/15-34S: (1/2)-5-8-43-45 |
| 联合国分类 | UN Hazard Class: 4.3UN Pack Group: I |
| Reactivity Alerts | Strong Reducing AgentWater-ReactivePyrophoric |
| 消防 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM.SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.LARGE FIRE: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.FIRE INVOLVING METALS OR POWDERS (ALUMINUM, LITHIUM, MAGNESIUM, ETC.): Use dry chemical, DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder or class D extinguishersin addition, for Lithium you may use Lith-X® powder or copper powder. Also, see ERG Guide 170.FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)Use special powder, dry sand. NO other agents. Combat fire from a sheltered position. |
| 急救措施 | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
| 泄漏应急措施 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep unauthorized personnel away.· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.Small Spill· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.· Dike for later disposaldo not apply water unless directed to do so.Powder Spill· Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry.· DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. |
| 急救 | SKIN: brush off any metal, then flood with water for at least 15 min.treat as heat or caustic burncall a doctor. (USCG, 1999)General First Aid:· Call 911 or emergency medical service.· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.· If victim is not breathing:-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitationthe victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.· Keep victim calm and warm.· Keep victim under observation.· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.Specific First Aid:· In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediatelyflush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. |
| 安全储存 | Fireproof. Keep under mineral oil. Dry. Well closed. |
| Firefighting Hazards | ... Water reactive ... Evolves hydrogen and ignites on contact with water ... |
| 暴露控制与个人防护 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. |
| 灭火程序 | ... Improved methods for extinction of liq sodium ... fires are described which involve application of low-melting inorganic powder mixtures which melt and form a protective crust. Mixtures of sodium carbonate or graphite, with lithium carbonate, sodium chloride or sodium fluoride are very effective for sodium.use approved Class D extinguishers or smother with dry sand, dry clay, or dry ground limestone. DO NOT use carbon dioxide or halogenated extinguishing agents. DO NOT use water. Violent reaction may result.If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not use water. Do not use carbon dioxide. Use graphite, soda ash, powdered sodium chloride, or suitable dry powder.Sodium and carbon dioxide are normally unreactive till red-heat has been attained, but mixtures of the 2 solids are impact-sensitive and explode violently. Carbon dioxide is unsuitable as an extinguishant for the burning metal alone, as the intensity of combustion is incr by replacing air with carbon dioxide (72.7% oxygen content). However it has been used successfully to extinguish solvent fires where sodium was also present, since it often fails to ignite because of the blanketing effect of solvent vapor. Conversely addition of kerosene to burning sodium enables the whole to be extinguished with carbon dioxide. Finely divided silica (sand) will often react with burning sodium, so is not entirely suitable as an extinguishant. (Anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium chloride are suitably unreactive for this purpose) ... |
| 储存条件 | Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from water.Serum cap closures are safer than screw caps.Sodium must be stored to avoid contact with water, halogenated hydrocarbons, phosphorus and phosphorus compounds and sulfur and sulfur compounds since violent reactions occur. Protect storage containers from physical damage. Keep in an inert atmosphere or under oil. Requires special precautions to avoid contact with moisture, including condensation from other objects and perspiration. Store in a dry, fire resistive room exclusively for sodium storage. Sprinkler systems should not be used, so keep combustibles away. Remove only the amount of sodium needed for immediate use and place dry in a friction top metal can under a layer of oil. Transport in a special container with a tight fitting cover.One-pound bricks and smaller amounts may be encountered in chemistry laboratories, where it is usually protected from the air by immersion in an aliphatic oil. |
| 清理方法 | Keep water away from release. Do not create dust. Shovel into suitable dry container.Absorb spilled sodium dry, cover remainder with kerosine, paraffin oil or dry sand, eliminate last traces with methylated spirit.Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Put on proper protective equipment. Blanket with appropriate inert material. Scoop up and place in a suitable, sealed container. Ventilare area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstreen users of potentially contaminated waters...This chemical is a combustible solid. A severe fire risk on contact with water or moisture. Blanket with dry soda-ash, graphite, salt, dry limestone or other approved dry powder. Do NOT use water, carbon dioxide or halogenated extingushers.For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for SODIUM (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 非火灾泄漏应对 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 138 [Substances - Water-Reactive (Emitting Flammable Gases)]:ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Dike for later disposaldo not apply water unless directed to do so.POWDER SPILL: Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2024) |
| 处置方法 | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Incineration with absorption of oxide fumes.SCRAPS ... SHOULD BE DESTROYED BY REACTION WITH N-BUTYL ALCOHOL.In a discussion of safe methods for lab use of sodium, disposal of small quantities (up to 5 to 10 g) by immersion on isopropanol, which may contain up to 2% of water to incr the rate of reaction, is recommended. Quantities up to 50 g should be burned in a heavy metal dish, using a gas flame, (with suitable arrangements for dispersion or absorption of the alkaline particulate smoke so produced). |
| 不良影响 | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns. |
| 暴露途径 | Serious by all routes of exposure. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation.Pain. Blisters. Serious skin burns.Severe deep burns. Loss of vision.Burning sensation. Shock or collapse. |
| Medical Surveillance | Before beginning employment and at regular times after that, for those with frequent or potentially high exposure to sodium metal, the following are recommended: lung function tests. If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may be useful: consider chest x-ray after acute overexposure. |
| Natural Pollution Sources | Occurrence in earth's crust: 2.83% by wtprincipal cation in hydrosphere. ... found in form of its cmpd, halides, silicates, carbonatesdoes not occur free.Sodium is present in fair abundance in sun and stars. D-lines of sodium are among most prominent in solar spectrum. ... 6th most abundant element on earth ... most abundant of alkali group of metals ... most common cmpd is sodium chloride ... other minerals ... soda niter, cryolite, amphibole, zeolite, sodalite ... . |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short-Term Exposure: Inhalation: Contact with water, including perspiration, causes the formation of sodium hydroxide fumes which are highly irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May cause sneezing and coughing. Very severe exposures may result in difficult breathing, coughing, and chemical bronchitis. High exposures can cause pulmonary edema, a medical emergency that can be delayed for several hours. This can cause death. Skin: Contact may cause itching, tingling, thermal and caustic burns and may cause permanent damage. Eyes: May cause tearing, very painful irritation, and burns. Contact with eyes may result in permanent damage and loss of sight. Ingestion: Causes immediate intense burning sensation in mouth, throat and stomach, followed by salivation, vomiting, rapid breathing, symptoms of shock, diarrhea, loss of consciousness and death./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Occasional severe burns of eyes which have been caused by sodium are attributable principally to sodium hydroxide./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Extremely caustic to all tissue./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Corrosive. Causes severe eye and skin burns. |
| Probable Routes of Human Exposure | NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 262,032 workers (34,622 of these are female) are potentially exposed to sodium in the US(1). |
| Antidote and Emergency Treatment | Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . If product was ingested, protect yourself from contact with vomitus, since it may cause burns. /Flammable Solids/Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased level of consciousness, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils,diaphoresis, and/or readings below 50 mg/dl on dextrose strip 130 or glucometer) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary. Draw blood sample before administration ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Flammable solids/ |
| USGS Health-Based Screening Levels for Evaluating Water-Quality | SodiumMajor ionSmith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP |
| CERCLA 应报告数量 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| 清洁水法要求 | Sodium is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. |
| State Drinking Water Standards | (FL) FLORIDA 160,000 ug/L |
| 州饮用水指南 | (MA) MASSACHUSETTS 20,000 ug/L |
| 水危害等级（WGK） | 1 |
| TSCA 清单状态 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 号 | VY0686000 |
| 包装类别 | I |
| 危险类别 | 4.3Eye Dam. 1Skin Corr. 1BWater-react 1 |
| 储存类别 | 4.3 - Hazardous materials which set free flammable gases upon contact with water |
| 安全说明（S） | 26-8-6A-45-43D-43-36/37/39-22-7/8-62-5 |
| 海关编码 | 2805 11 00 |
| 自燃温度 | >115 °C in air |
| 危险品标志 | C,F,T |
| 危险类别码（R） | 34-14/15-45-65 |
| 毒害物质数据 | 7440-23-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| 运输编号（UN） | UN 1428 |
毒性
对上呼吸道黏膜有刺激作用，从事生产金属钠的工人，会感到恶心，胃灼热、上腹部痛；还可出现神经和消化系统功能障碍。与潮湿的皮肤或衣服接触时可着火，能造成烧伤。与皮肤接触易引起灼伤。落人眼睛内及黏膜上有危险。生产工人应穿着涂有尼龙的工作服等劳保用具，在皮肤上涂抹中性和疏水防护软膏。要防止金属钠同潮湿空气和水接触。工作应在通风良好、洁净、干燥、开阔的场所进行。
急性毒性
腹注- 小鼠 LD50: 4000 毫克/ 公斤
类别
遇水燃烧物品
爆炸物危险特性
遇水、湿空气放出氢气可爆
可燃性危险特性
遇水、湿空气放出氢气可燃
储运特性
库房通风低温干燥;没于烃中保存; 与氧化剂、卤素、强酸分开存放
灭火剂
干粉、干砂、干石粉
用途与应用
用途
用作还原剂、催化剂、石油的脱硫剂，还用于制过氧化钠、氨基钠等
用途
用作分析试剂、合成橡胶催化剂、石油脱硫剂
用途
冶金工业用于还原钛、锆等金属氧化物。可用于生产汽油抗震剂四乙基铅。炼油工业用作油品的脱硫剂。无机工业用于制造氰化钠、过氧化钠、氨基钠等。在工业上用作强力还原剂和脱水剂。利用金属钠较好的导电性能，可制造电缆。添加于铝中可增加硬度，用以制造车辆轴承合金。电光源工业用于制造单色光源钠光灯。医药工业用于生产西力生、维生素B1、咖啡因及其他医药产品。也用于合成靛蓝染料和染料中间体，还用作合成橡胶的催化剂。原子能工业用作原子能高速增殖炉的冷却剂。
制备与合成方法
生产方法
电解氯化钠法电解氯化钠制金属钠是用氯化钠33％±2％、氯化锶24％±2％、氯化钙28％±2％、氯化钡15％±2％组成的四元电解质。将经过干燥脱水的精盐配成四元电解质加入电解槽进行电解，其基本数据为：槽电流强度24000 A、槽电压6.5～7.5 V、阴极电流密度0.97A/cm2、阳极电流密度1 A/cm2、电解槽温度590～630℃。经电解，阴极表面产生钠，阳极表面产生氯气。氯气由阳极上方浸人电解质中的桶形收集器收集。钠由浸没在电解质中的一个倒置环形马蹄槽收集，通过与马蹄槽相连的上升管陆续流到外接受器(钠罐)用氮气防护；再放入粗钠容器中，然后送人精制器于120～150℃将钠熔化澄清，除去杂质，上层清液放人钠容器中，下层残渣经蒸馏回收其中的钠。精制后的钠经成型即得金属钠成品。其2NaCl[电解]→2Na+Cl2↑电解烧碱法电解烧碱制金属钠可以采用氢氧化钠、碳酸钠组成的二元电解质。先将碳酸钠干燥，再将烧碱熔融，然后将两者混合、沉降，加入电解槽进行电解，其基本数据为：电解槽电流强度为2500 A、槽电压4.5～5 V、阳极电流密度0.89 A／cm2、阴极电流密度0.94～1.03 A／cm2。电解槽温度285～305℃。电解所得粗钠送入精制器，于110～120℃将钠熔化澄清，除去杂质，上层清液放入钠容器中，经精制后的钠经成型，制得金属钠成品。其4NaOH→4Na+2H2O+O2