Hypochlorite (HCID 61739)

概述

Salts between a metal ion (most commonly the sodium ion, calcium ion, or potassium ion) and the hypochlorite group ClO-. Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Powerful irritants to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May cause ignition when in contact with organic materials. When involved in a fire they may accelerate combustion or cause an explosion.

名称与标识

首选名称: Hypochlorite
IUPAC: hypochlorite

名称与别名

HypochloriteHypochlorite ion14380-61-1T5UM7HB19NDTXSID8073136CHEBI:29222RefChem:55382DTXCID6034689SUPERCLEAN Micro Acid Hypochlorite Disinfectant807-894-9HypochloritesUNII-T5UM7HB19N

展开更多名称

hypochioritehypochloridehypochoriteHypochloritoxidochlorate(1-)UN3212ClO(-)[ClO](-)

数据库标识

CAS: 14380-61-1
PubChem CID: 61739
DTXSID: DTXSID8073136
ChEBI: CHEBI:29222
UNII: T5UM7HB19N
EC Number: 807-894-9
Nikkaji: J1.587.829K

性质

结构计算性质

XLogP: 0.2
极性表面积: 23.1 Å²
氢键供体: 0
氢键受体: 1
可旋转键: 0
重原子: 2
形式电荷: -1
复杂度: 2

实验与物化性质

SolubilitySoluble (sodium hypochlorite)

Boiling PointDecomposes at 40 (sodium hypochlorite)

Physical Description · 1 条

Salts between a metal ion (most commonly the sodium ion, calcium ion, or potassium ion) and the hypochlorite group ClO-. Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Powerful irritants to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May cause ignition when in contact with organic materials. When involved in a fire they may accelerate combustion or cause an explosion.

安全与法规

危害信息

DOT LabelOxidizer

Fire HazardsExcerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Health HazardsExcerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Reactive GroupSalts, Basic

Reactivity AlertsStrong Oxidizing Agent

Reactivity Profile · 1 条

HYPOCHLORITES, INORGANIC, N.O.S. are oxidizing agents. Can generate chlorine, a toxic gas, if mixed with strong acids. May react with reducing agents to generate heat and products that may be gaseous (causing pressurization of closed containers). The products may themselves be capable of further reactions. May react vigorously with carbon; reacts potentially explosively with finely divided carbon. Reacts with acetylene to form explosive chloroacetylenes. Reactions with organic matter, oil, hydrocarbons; alcohols may lead to explosions. Reactions with nitromethane, methanol, ethanol (and other alcohols) can become violent after a delay. Reacts with possible ignition and/or explosion with organic sulfur compounds and with sulfides. Decomposes evolving oxygen, a change that can be catalyzed by rust on metal containers. Forms highly explosive NCl3 on contact with urea or ammonia. Evolves highly toxic gaseous chlorine gas when heated or on contact with acids [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1905]. A mixture with damp sulfur reacted violently, and molten sulfur was ejected [Chem Eng. News, 1965, 46(29), 6]. The combination of calcium hypochlorite, sodium hydrogen sulfate, starch, and sodium carbonate, when compressed, caused the materials to incandescence, followed by explosion, [Ind. Eng. Chem., 1937, 15, 282].

安全与防护

Fire FightingExcerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

First AidExcerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Nonfire Spill ResponseExcerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Isolation and EvacuationExcerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

化学与工业

药理信息

Protein BindingThis pharmacokinetic parameter does not apply for this drug.

PharmacodynamicsSodium hypochlorite exerts antimicrobial actions that depends on the concentration of the available chlorine and the pH of the solution. The concentration of the hypochlorite depends on the overall efficiency of disinfection.

Mechanism of Action · 1 条

Sodium hypochlorite mediate its antimicrobial action by reacting with fatty acids and amino acids. Via saponification reaction, it acts as an organic and fat solvent, degrading fatty acids to form fatty acids and glycerol. This reduces the surface tension of the remaining solution. Sodium hypochlorite may react with amino acids to neutralize them and form water and salt. Hypochlorous acids (HOCl-) present in sodium hypochlorite solutions may act as solvents in contact with organic tissue to release chlorine, which forms chloramines when combined with the protein amino group that disrupt cell metabolism. Chlorine in the solution is a strong oxidant that inhibits essential bacterial enzymes leading to an irreversible oxidation of SH groups. Eventually hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions degrade and hydrolyze amino acids.

Biological Half-LifeThis pharmacokinetic parameter does not apply for this drug.

Metabolism/MetabolitesThis pharmacokinetic parameter does not apply for this drug. Hypochlorite salts are expected to undergo dissociation.

MeSH Pharmacological ClassificationElectron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION).