| GHS 分类 | DangerH220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]P203, P210, P222, P260, P280, P318, P319, P377, P381, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
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| 法规信息 | Chemical: Methane, chloro-Hazard Traits - Developmental ToxicityEnvironmental toxHepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityNephrotoxicity and Other Toxicity to the Urinary SystemNeurodevelopmental ToxicityNeurotoxicityReproductive ToxicityAuthoritative List - ATSDR NeurotoxicantsCA TACsCWA 303(c)CWA 303(d)IRIS NeurotoxicantsProp 65Report - regardless of intended function of ingredient in the productMethane, chloro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Methane, chloro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: No longer Valid Update: 29-09-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1632Status: Active Update: 02-05-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15768Status: Active Update: 19-05-2020 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23516Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 26-10-2012 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/7636Status: Active Update: 30-10-2012 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1558Status: Active Update: 30-09-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1459Methane, chloro- (methyl chloride): HSNO Approval: HSR001006 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
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| 其他安全信息 | IMAP assessments - Methane, chloro-: Human health tier II assessment |
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| 运输标签（DOT） | Flammable Gas |
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| 火灾危害 | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating gases are generated in fires.Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode (USCG, 1999)· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.· Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.· Will form explosive mixtures with air.· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966), Methane (UN1971) and Hydrogen and Methane mixture, compressed (UN2034) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen and Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices.· Containers may explode when heated.· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.CAUTION: When LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972) is released on or near water, product may vaporize explosively.Highly flammable. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Gas/air mixtures are explosive. |
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| 火灾可能性 | Flammable gas. Very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame or powerful oxidizers. ... May ignite on contact with aluminum chloride or powdered aluminum.It is easily ignited. |
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| 健康危害 | Inhalation causes nausea, vomiting, weakness, headache, emotional disturbanceshigh concentrations cause mental confusion, eye disturbances, muscular tremors, cyanosis, convulsions. Contact of liquid with skin may cause frostbite. (USCG, 1999)· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.· Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations.· Contact with gas, liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.· Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. |
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| 危害概述 | Chloromethane is also known as methyl chloride. It is a clear, colorless gas. It has a faint, sweet odor that is noticeable only at levels that may be toxic. It is heavier than air, and it is extremely flammable.Low levels of methyl chloride occur naturally in the environment. Higher levels may occur at chemical plants where it is made or used. Acute (short-term) exposure to high concentrations of methyl chloride in humans has caused severe neurological effects. Methyl chloride has also caused effects on the heart rate, blood pressure, liver, and kidneys in humans. Chronic (long-term) animal studies have shown liver, kidney, spleen, and central nervous system (CNS) effects. Inhalation studies have demonstrated that methyl chloride causes reproductive effects in male rats, with effects such as testicular lesions and decreased sperm production. Human cancer data are limited. EPA has classified methyl chloride as a Group D carcinogen (not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity).Slurred speech and staggering gait were observed in six workers exposed at 200-400 ppm for at least 2 weeks, but no changes in blood chemistries were found in these six cases. Liver injury has been documented in animal studies. [ACGIH] Possible frostbite from contact with liquid[NIOSH] In high-dose reproductive studies of mice and rats, methyl chloride causes testicular damageit causes increased heart valve birth defects in mice only. [Frazier, p. 286-7] Compared to other haloalkanes, methyl chloride is nontoxic to the liver. Steatosis may be observed in high-dose feeding studies of animals. [Zimmerman, p. 333] Has acute effects on the CNS, heart, liver, and kidneysPossible CNS and reproductive effects after chronic exposure[ICSC] Empirical data in support of a skin notation for methyl chloride [PMID 29708856] |
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| 运输编号与指南（DOT） | 1063 115 |
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| 反应性基团 | Halogenated Organic Compounds |
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| 欧共体分类 | Symbol: F+, XnR: 12-40-48/20S: (2)-9-16-33 |
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| 联合国分类 | UN Hazard Class: 2.1 |
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| Special Reports | Repko JD, Lasley SMCRC Crit Rev Toxicol 6 (4): 283-302 (1979). A review with 67 references on the biochemical basis for and the behavioral and neurological effects of methyl chloride toxicity.USEPAChemical Hazard Information Profile: Chloromethane (Draft) p.V-3 (1978) EPA-560/10-78-001Subst Risk Notice, 8EHQ-0180-0324 (1980)Neurobehav Toxicol Terotol 3 (4): 425-9 (1981). This review focuses on the human case reports of acute and chronic exposures as well as some of the more important inhalation studies conducted with animals. The chemical and physical properties and the more important industrial uses are also discussed.DHHS/ATSDRToxicological Profile for Chloromethane (1990) ATSDR/TP-90/07 |
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| 消防 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED. CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966) and Hydrogen and Methane mixture, compressed (UN2034) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.LARGE FIRE: Water spray or fog. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972) pool fires, DO NOT USE water. Use dry chemical or high-expansion foam.FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devicesicing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzlesif this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)Shut off supplyif not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out. In other cases extinguish with water spray. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position. |
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| 急救措施 | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention . |
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| 泄漏应急措施 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep unauthorized personnel away.· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972), DO NOT apply water, regular or alcohol-resistant foam directly on spill. Use a high-expansion foam if available to reduce vapors.· Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas.· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning. |
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| 急救 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.SKIN: CAUTION: Exposure of skin to compressed gases may result in freezing of the skin. Treatment for frostbite may be necessary. Remove the victim from the source of contamination. IMMEDIATELY wash affected areas gently with COLD water (and soap, if necessary) while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Dry carefully with clean, soft towels. If symptoms such as inflammation or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician or go to a hospital for treatment.INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated areatake deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be usedif not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.INGESTION: This compound is a gas, therefore inhalation is the first route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)General First Aid:· Call 911 or emergency medical service.· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.· If victim is not breathing:-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitationthe victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.· Keep victim calm and warm.· Keep victim under observation.· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.Specific First Aid:· Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.(General first aid procedures)Eye: Frostbite - If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediatelyif tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible.Skin: Frostbite - Compressed gases may create low temperatures when they expand rapidly. Leaks and uses that allow rapid expansion may cause a frostbite hazard. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent the skin from becoming frozen.Breathing: Respiratory support |
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| 安全储存 | Fireproof. Ventilation along the floor. |
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| Firefighting Hazards | Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. |
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| 暴露控制与个人防护 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.· Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.10.0 [ppm] |
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| 灭火程序 | Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Use water spray to cool unopened containers.If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for METHYL CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| 储存条件 | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Contents under pressure. Moisture sensitive. Storage class (TRGS 510): GasesStore in well-ventilated place controlled below 40 °C. No exposure to direct sunlight. ... Electrical equipment of spark-resistant construction is preferred.Store separately from all other flammable materials. ... Before entering confined space where this chemical may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Methyl chloride must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, and permanganates) or chemically active metals (such as sodium, potassium, powdered aluminum, zinc, and magnesium), since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat and direct sunlight. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where methyl chloride is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire ot explosion hazard. Wherever methyl chloride is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment for fittings. Procedures for the handling, use, and storage of cylinders should be in compliance with OSHA 1910.101 and 1910.169, as with the recommendations of the Compressed Gas Association. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045. |
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| 清理方法 | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areasEnvironmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drainsMethods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Stop the flow of gas if it can be done safely. If source of leak is a cylinder and the leak cannot be stopped in place, remove leaking cylinder to a safe place in the open air, and repair leak or allow cylinder to empty. Keep this chemical out of confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the buildup of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. |
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| 非火灾泄漏应对 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. CAUTION: For LNG - Liquefied natural gas (UN1972), DO NOT apply water, regular or alcohol-resistant foam directly on spill. Use a high-expansion foam if available to reduce vapors. Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning. (ERG, 2024) |
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| 处置方法 | Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this materialContaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U045, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Methyl chloride is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for METHYL CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| 毒理学资料 | CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile |
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| 体内负荷 | Methyl chloride was detected not quantified in 2 of 8 samples of mother's milk from 4 urban areas of the US(1). It was detected in expired air from a sample of 62 nonsmoking individuals(2). |
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| Cancer Sites | [in animals: lung, kidney & forestomach tumors] |
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| 相互作用 | Lethargy may be more pronounced in patients also taking a benzodiazepine.Human behavioral effects resulting from the ingestion of an average dose of diazepam and from 3 h of inhaling either 100 ppm or 200 ppm of methyl chloride (MeCl) were studied in the laboratory. Each of 56 volunteers was randomly assigned to one of six groups comprising the combinations of diazepam and placebo and one of the two levels of MeCl plus control. Each individual was tested in an environmental room on three tasks involving components of eye-hand coordination, mental alertness, and time discrimination. Both pretreatment and treatment data were obtained. Diazepam produced a significant 10% impairment in task performance, whereas the effect of 200 ppm of MeCl was marginally significant (average performance impairment of 4.5%). When the two agents were combined, total impairment was equal to the sum of the individually induced losses. Large interindividual differences in breath and blood levels were found for MeCl.The effectiveness of the cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor, BW755C in preventing the toxicity induced in male F-344 rats by methyl chloride was examinedBW755C (10 mg/kg ip, 1 hr pre and postexposure) prevented both lethality (0/6 vs 8/12 in controls) and epididymal granuloma formation (0/6 vs 4/4 in control) in rats exposed to 7500 ppm methyl chloride 6 hr/day for 2 days. Additionally rats were exposed to 5000 ppm methyl chloride 6 hr/day for 5 days, with and without BW755C treatment as described above. The rats were killed on day 5 and tissues processed for light microscopic examination. Methyl chloride exposed rats showed hepatocellular cloudy swelling, degradation of renal proximal convoluted tubules, vacuolar degeneration in the adrenal cortex, necrosis of the internal granular layer of the cerebellum, and degenerative changes in the testis and epidermis, including formation of epididymal sperm granulomas. With the exception of the adrenal, tissues examined in rats of the methyl chloride/BW755C treatment group showed virtually no histological evidence of lesions. BW755C did not significantly alter metabolism of (14)C methyl chloride to (14)carbon dioxide or (14)carbon in urine, not did it affect the distribution to various organs of radioactivity derived from (14) methyl chloride. Therefore, BW755C protection against methyl chloride toxicity did not appear to result from altered methyl chloride metabolism or disposition. Instead, the protection was apparently related to the pharmacological activity of BW755C as an inhibitor of leukotriene and prostaglandin synthesis.Inhalation of (14)C-labeled methyl chloride by rats ... at ... 6 hr exposure to 500 or 1500 ppm. ... Pretreatment of rats with cycloheximide reduced the amt of methyl chloride-derived radioactivity associated with tissue protein by 42-58%, whereas (3H)leucine incorporation was inhibited by 75-85%, indicating that most, but not necessarily all, of the uptake of (14)C-methyl chloride into protein was dependent on normal protein synthesis. Pretreatment with methotrexate inhibited the uptake of (14)C-methyl chloride into lipid, acid-insoluble material, RNA, and DNA by 47, 64, 65, and 93%, respectively. Pretreatment with methanol inhibited (14)C-methyl chloride uptake into acid-insoluble material by 66%. Most of the (14)carbon appearing in macromolecules following inhalation of (14)C-methyl chloride arose through metabolic incorporation, stemming from metabolism of methyl chloride via the 1-C pool. Methanol apparently competed with methyl chloride for entry into this pool, although the failure of ethanol, 4-methylpyrazole, or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole to inhibit (14)C-methyl chloride incorporation indicated that methyl chloride was not metabolized to methanol per se. Methanol pretreatment also inhibited (14)CO2 evolution from (14)C-methyl chloride, indicating that metabolism of methyl chloride via 1-C pathways may be of major quantitative significance.For more Interactions (Complete) data for METHYL CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| 靶器官 | Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys), Reproductive (Producing Children)central nervous system, liver, kidneys, reproductive system |
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| 生态毒性数值 | Toxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Entosiphon sulcatum (protozoa) 8000 mg/LToxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Scenedesmus quadricauda (green algae) 1450 mg/LToxicity Threshold (Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test) Microcystis aeruginosa (algae) 550 mg/LLC50Species: Lepomis macrochirus (/Bluegill)/Conditions: static bioassay in fresh water at 23 °C, mild aeration applied after 24 hrConcentration: 550 ppm for 96 hrFor more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for METHYL CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| 环境归趋 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 13(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that methyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of methyl chloride from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 8.82X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(3). Methyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4300 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 1% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(5) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). However, a 77% biodegradation in 28 days using OECD Guideline 301D(6) suggests methyl chloride can biodegrade readily under certain conditions. Methyl chloride has been shown to biodegrade in soil microcosms(8) and in environmental waters(6,7). Overall, methyl chloride is not considered readily biodegradable, but it can be degraded by adapted bacteria and under anaerobic conditions(7).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 13(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that methyl chloride is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 8.82X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.1 hours and 2.8 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.91(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 1% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(5) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). However, a 77% biodegradation in 28 days using OECD Guideline 301D(8) suggests methyl chloride can biodegrade readily under certain conditions. Methyl chloride has been shown to biodegrade in environmental waters(8,9). Overall, methyl chloride is not considered readily biodegradable, but it can be degraded by adapted bacteria and under anaerobic conditions(9). The half-life for the hydrolysis of methyl chloride is 0.93 yr at pH 7 and 25 °C(10)the rate is independent of pH below pH 10(10).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), methyl chloride, which has a vapor pressure of 4300 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase methyl chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 445 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.6X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Methyl chloride does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight in the troposphere(SRC). The dominant loss mechanism for methyl chloride in the troposphere may be upward diffusion although washout by rain may have some importance(5). From the tropopause to about 30 km, both upward diffusion and reaction with hydroxyl radicals may have approximately equal importance, and above 30 km in the stratosphere diffusion, reaction with hydroxyl radicals, and direct photolysis may have approximately equal weight(5). The surface half-life resulting from upward diffusion is about 80 days(5). |
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| 不良影响 | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndromeOccupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable. |
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| 暴露途径 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and through the skin.inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid) |
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| Milk Concentrations | In mother's milk from 4 urban areas of the US, methyl chloride was detected not quantified in 2 of 8 samples(1). |
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| 毒性概述 | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Methyl chloride is a colorless compressed gas or liquid. Most methyl chloride is used as an intermediate feedstock in silicone fluids, elastomers, and resins. Methyl chloride has been used in timber products processing, as a blowing agent for some polystyrene foams, and as a refrigerant. It was formerly used as an aerosol propellant. As a pesticide, methyl chloride is not registered for current use in the U.S.but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: The many symptoms of acute exposure include headache, nausea, irritation of the skin and eyes, central nervous system depression, pulmonary edema, hemolysis, chronic intoxication, paresthesia, narcosis, increased risk of spontaneous abortion, intravascular hemolysis, unconsciousness, rapid followed by slow respiration, painful joints, swelling of the extremities, diabetes, aspiration pneumonia, gross hematuria, reduction of blood pH, gastrointestinal injury, upper respiratory tract irritation, depression, fatigue, vertigo, liver damage, blood dyscrasias, acceleration of the pulse, congestion in the head, neurasthenic disorders, digestive disturbances, acoustical and optical delusions, arrhythmias produced by catecholamines, faintness, loss of appetite, hyporeflexia, gross hemoglobinuria, metabolic acidosis, GI hemorrhage, diverticula, kidney damage, lung damage, corneal injury, abdominal pain, increase in salivary gland tumors, cyanosis, convulsions, coma, and death. Deaths have occurred following single severe or repeated prolonged moderate overexposure. Methyl chloride is poisonous intravenouslymoderately toxic by ingestion, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal routesmildly toxic by inhalation. Most cases of intoxication by methyl chloride have involved concentrations above 500 ppm. After methyl chloride leakage from a refrigerator occurred on board an Icelandic f |
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| Plant Concentrations | Methyl chloride has been identified as a chemical component of tobacco plants(1). Various species of Antarctic macroalgae have been found to produce and release methyl chloride at levels of 1.98 pmol/g (wet wt) per day(2). |
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| RCRA 要求 | U045As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when methyl chloride, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). |
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| TSCA 要求 | Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Chloromethane is included on this list. Effective date: 10/4/82Sunset date: 10/4/92. |
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| 大气标准 | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Methyl chloride is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Methyl chloride is included on this list. |
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| CERCLA 应报告数量 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b). |
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| 清洁水法要求 | Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Halomethanes/ |
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| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | Methyl chloride110000Flammable chemical that can be released at a facility. |
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| 州饮用水指南 | (AZ) ARIZONA 0.19 ug/L(CT) CONNECTICUT 55 ug/L(FL) FLORIDA 2.7 ug/L(ME) MAINE 3 ug/LFor more State Drinking Water Guidelines (Complete) data for METHYL CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| 联邦饮用水指南 | EPA 3 ug/L |
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