Sodium aluminate

AQ SOLN IS STRONGLY ALKALINE

>1.5 g/cm³

1.55 @25 °C

4.63 @25 °C

WHITE GRANULAR MASS

WHITE AMORPHOUS POWDER

SOL IN WATER; INSOL IN ALCOHOL

Solubility in water: very good

1650 °C

1650 °C

1650 °C

1650 °C

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.566; 1.595; 1.580

Sodium aluminate, solid is an odorless white powdered solid. Toxic by ingestion and corrosive to tissue. Used in water purification.

Liquid; Wet Solid

Liquid

White solid; [Merck Index] Hygroscopic; [ICSC] White crystalline solid, soluble in water; [Hawley]

WHITE HYGROSCOPIC POWDER.

HYGROSCOPIC

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (1 of 372) of reports.

Danger

H271 (15.9%): May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]；H290 (75%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]；H314 (98.4%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]；H318 (65.9%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P220, P234, P260, P264, P264+P265, P280, P283, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P316, P317, P321, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P390, P405, P406, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 372 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 372 reports by companies.；There are 12 notifications provided by 371 of 372 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Chemical: Aluminate, (AlO21-), sodium

Chemical: Aluminium sodium oxide

Aluminate (AlO21-), sodium (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Aluminate (AlO21-), sodium (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Aluminum sodium oxide is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Aluminum sodium oxide are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 23-02-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15466；Status: Active Update: 22-11-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/7456；Status: Active Update: 17-06-2011 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1350

Status: Active Update: 06-12-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14477

IMAP assessments - Aluminium sodium oxide: Human health tier I assessment

Corrosive

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:；Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2024)

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.；· Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).；· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.；· Containers may explode when heated.；· For electric vehicles or equipment, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.；· Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).；· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.；· Containers may explode when heated.；· For electric vehicles or equipment, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.

Not combustible.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:；TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.；· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.；· Avoid any skin contact.；· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.；· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.；· Avoid any skin contact.；· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

Solution is alkaline and a strong tissue irritant; [Hawley] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; [ICSC] Can cause eye injury; [HSDB] Corrosive to tissue; [CAMEO] A skin and eye irritant; [eChemPortal: ERMA] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; [MSDSonline] Sodium aluminate solution has CAS # 11138-49-1; See Aluminum.

1819 154

2812 154

Bases, Strong

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: III

Water-Reactive

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m. /Aluminum, metal as Al, total dust/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Aluminum metal, as Al, respirable fraction/

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 2 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Aluminum, soluble salts & alkyls, as Al/

SODIUM ALUMINATE, SOLID dissolves in water to produce a corrosive alkaline solution. Reacts exothermically with acids. Corrosive to metals. Not compatible with copper, tin, zinc, aluminum, acids, phosphorus, or chlorocarbons.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:；SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.；LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.；· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.；· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.；· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.；· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:；Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

Separated from food and feedstuffs and acids. Dry.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

AQ WASTE SOLUTIONS CONTAINING SODIUM ALUMINATE ARE ACIDIFIED WITH SULFURIC ACID & TREATED WITH A WEAKLY BASIC CMPD (PH 7-11) TO IMPROVE PPT & FILTERABILITY OF ALUMINUM CMPD.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:；IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.；SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.；FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure；· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.；Spill；· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.；· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.；Fire；· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Immediate precautionary measure；· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.；Spill；· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.；· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.；Fire；· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

A body burden of 100 mg/70 kg man with a daily dietary intake of approximately 36 mg. ... The total body burden of aluminum in humans can be estimated to range from 60-100 mg. /Aluminum/

THE NORMAL BLOOD LEVEL OF ALUMINUM IS 17 UG AL/100 ML AND MOST SOFT TISSUES CONTAIN BETWEEN 0.2 AND 0.6 PPM. HUMAN BODY BURDEN OF ALUMINUM IS 50 TO 150 MG & IS APPARENTLY UNAFFECTED BY EITHER NORMAL DAILY INTAKE LEVELS ESTIMATED TO BE APPROXIMATELY 10 TO 100 MG OR CONSIDERABLY HIGHER DOSES. /ALUMINUM/

Aluminum content of normal human brain ranged from 0.1-3.9 ug/g dry weight. In a study of 208 samples taken from 7 patients, ... a mean aluminum content of 1.9 + or - 0.07 ug/g dry weight of gray matter /was found/ to be abnormal. In a study of 585 areas sampled from the brain tissue of 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease they found 28% had an aluminum concn > 4 ug/g. The range of the 585 samples was 0.4-107 ug/g. /Aluminum/

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

In a case study of patients on long-term dialysis, systemic aluminum absorption with concurrent oral citrate (as an alkalinizing agent) and aluminum containing phosphate binder (eg, aluminum hydroxide or carbonate) was significantly increased. Based on the proposed mechanism and pharmacologic similarity, an interaction may be expected to occur between citric acid and other aluminum salts (eg, aluminum phosphate, aluminum glycinate, attapulgite, dihydroxyaluminum, kaolin, magaldrate). It has been shown that following concurrent administration of citric acid (from lemon juice) and aluminum hydroxide there is an increase in serum levels of a nonionized aluminum citrate complex, which is postulated to easily pass the gastrointestinal barrier. Simultaneous administration of citric acid and aluminum hydroxide should be avoided since significant systemic absorption of aluminum may occur. This may be of additional concern in patients on long-term dialysis or with impaired renal function. /Aluminum salts/

... 25 Dialysis patients that experienced accidental exposure to aluminum and parathyroid hormone /were examined/. At the same time as parathyroid hormone decreased, serum calcium increased. Based on this observation it has been suggested that aluminum is incorporated, instead of calcium, into the bone and that this leads to the osteomalacia characteristic of aluminum induced bone disease. Instead of being incorporated into osteoid bone tissue, calcium returns to the circulation which in turn inhibits the parathyroid hormone release from the parathyroid. In support of this hypothesis, ... a strong correlation /was found/ between bone aluminum content and the amount of bone occupied by unmineralized osteoid in humans. Experimental support for the hypothesis of calcium aluminum interactions has also been provided in studies on chicks. /Aluminum/

Groups of 120 Atlantic salmon fry (Salmo salar, 1 g mass) were kept in through flow tanks of water (pH 5) containing various concn of aluminum and silicic acid. The aluminum concn in all but the control tank (0.85 umol aluminum/l) were 6-7 umol/l, at acutely toxic levels. Silicon levels were 0.66 umol/l (control), 93.06, 24.89, 5.46, and 0.60 umol/l, corresponding to silicon:aluminum ratios of 13.0, 3.7, 0.9, and 0.1. Exchangeable aluminum, ie, aluminum retained on Amberlite, was 6.00, 5.00, 4.11, and 1.52 umol/l in test tanks, respectively. Fish were exposed for 96 hr, and the proportion of dead fish was recorded at 12 hr intervals. The whole experiment was run three times; data are from all runs combined. At a silicon:aluminum ratio of 13, acute toxicity of aluminum was eliminated and gill structures of the fish were normal. Percent survival versus time was higher for the higher silicon:aluminum ratio groups. Accumulation of aluminum by fish fell sharply as the exchangeable aluminum increased. Aluminum and silicon levels in fish were 0.44 and 0.01 (control), 0.40 and 0.54 (silicon:aluminum ratio of 13), 2.04 and 0.35 (silicon:aluminum ratio of 3.7), 2.49 and 0.33 (silicon:aluminum ratio of 0.9), 2.38 and 0.08 (silicon:aluminum ratio of 0.1) umol/g dry mass, respectively. /Aluminum/

Aluminum targets the nervous system and causes decreased nervous system performance and is associated with altered function of the blood-brain barrier. The accumulation of aluminum in the body may cause bone or brain diseases. High levels of aluminum have been linked to Alzheimer's disease. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)

AQUATIC FATE: The adsorption of aluminum by fine particulates was studied in Whitray Beck, a hill stream in England. ... Uptake of aluminum by the particles increased with total aluminum , with pH, and with particle concentration, although the fraction of aluminum bound at a given pH and particle concentration decreased with total aluminum ... . /Total aluminum/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Air dried, <2 mm fractions of 3 soil samples from The Netherlands and 1 from New Hampshire, were taken from the surface and subsurface horizons of two podzols (Haplorthods) and of a recent driftsand (Udipsamment). Duplicate samples of each emulsion soil horizon were leached ... with aqueous hydrogen chloride (pH 3.0). ... Charge balances of the leachates indicate that dissolved aluminum is present mainly as aquo-aluminum +3. Only in leachates of podzol Bhs horizons is a significant fraction (20-30%) of dissolved aluminum organically complexed. Dissolved aluminum concn are significantly correlated with the organic (tetrasodium pyrophosphate extractable) aluminum content of the soil sample. Mobility of aluminum in the Hubbard Brook soils is significantly lower than in the Dutch soils, because of higher soil solution pH values. /Aluminum cmpd/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Albic and spodic soil horizons were sampled from old growth eastern white pine/mixed northern hardwoods. Adirondacks, and an ochric soil horizon was sampled from the Appalachian plateau of NY State. 21 Three horizon forest floor and 21 forest floor/mineral soil (field moist equivalent of 12.0 oven dry albic, spodic, or ochric mineral soil) columns were leached in triplicate with either 10 uM nitric acid (pH 5), 5 uM sulfuric acid (pH 5), 100 uM nitric acid (pH 4), 50 uM sulfuric acid (pH 4), 1000 uM nitric acid (pH 3), 500 uM sulfuric acid (pH 3), or distilled, deionized water (pH 5.7) control treatment). Nitric acid leached more aluminum than did sulfuric acid from forest floor/spodic soil columns. Increasing the nitric acid concn from pH 3-5 increased total aluminum concn in leachates from 0.70 to 0.85 mM, while increasing sulfuric acid had no effect. Addition of pH 3 sulfuric acid to forest floor/spodic columns raised leachate pH relative to pH 3 nitric acid and controls, and resulted in the lowest aluminum concn of all treatments in the first 3 of 4 sequential leachings. /Aluminum/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Albic and spodic soil horizons were sampled from old growth eastern white pine/mixed northern hardwoods sites in the Adirondacks, and an ochric soil horizon was sampled from the Appalachian Plateau of NY State. 9 Three horizon forest floo, 9 mineral soil (field moist equivalent of 12.0 oven dry albic, spodic, or ochric mineral soil) and 9 forest floor/mineral soil columns were leached with 60 ml of (a) 10 mM ammonium nitrate (control), (b) 1.0 mM nitric acid in 10 mM ammonium nitrate (pH 3), and (c) 1.0 mM ammonium nitrate (pH 3) at the rate of 10 ml/h. The above procedure was repeated on each mineral soil without a forest floor, except leaching soln were 0.5 mM calcium nitrate or calcium sulfate, each in 10 mM ammonium nitrate. Adding 2 and 0.5 cmol sub c (H+)/kg to forest floor and mineral soils, respectively, simulated snowmelt additions. Total aluminum concn in leachates from forest floor/albic or forest floor/ochric columns were greater than the sum of concn in leachates from the forest floor and mineral horizon when leached separately. This positive synergistic behavior of the forest floor-mineral horizon sequences was also observed in the forest floor-spodic horizon sequence when leached with control soln, but the synergism was negative for both labile and non-labile aluminum when leached with the acids. Sulfuric acid leached less aluminum from the spodic horizon than did nitric acid, regardless of the presence of a forest floor, but nitric acid, sulfuric acid , and control soln leached similar concn of aluminum from the albic and ochric horizons. The forest floor effects on the mineral soil leachates were attributed to effects of calcium, sulfate, nitrate, and dissolved organic C leached from the forest floor to the mineral horizon since forest floor removed nearly all added H+. /Aluminum/

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Oral (L739) ; inhalation (L739)

The main target organs of aluminum are the central nervous system and bone. Aluminum binds with dietary phosphorus and impairs gastrointestinal absorption of phosphorus. The decreased phosphate body burden results in osteomalacia (softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization) and rickets. Aluminum's neurotoxicity is believed to involve several mechanisms. Changes in cytoskeletal protein functions as a results of altered phosphorylation, proteolysis, transport, and synthesis are believed to be one cause. Aluminum may induce neurobehavioral effects by affecting permeability of the blood-brain barrier, cholinergic activity, signal transduction pathways, lipid peroxidation, and impair neuronal glutamate nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway, as well as interfere with metabolism of essential trace elements because of similar coordination chemistries and consequent competitive interactions. It has been suggested that aluminum's interaction with estrogen receptors increases the expression of estrogen-related genes and thereby contributes to the progression of breast cancer (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link between aluminum and increased risk of breast cancer (A15468). Certain aluminum salts induce immune responses by activating inflammasomes. (L739, A235, A236)

The daily ingestion of aluminum by humans was estimated to be 30-50 mg. /Aluminum/

Burning sensation. Sore throat. Cough. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Pain. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

Inhalating aluminum dust causes coughing and abnormal chest X-rays. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)

(SOLUTION) TOXIC; STRONG IRRITANT TO TISSUE.

IT IS KNOWN TO HAVE CAUSED INJURIES OF EYES SIMILAR TO THOSE CAUSED BY SODIUM HYDROXIDE. THE INJURIOUSNESS OF SOLUTIONS OF SODIUM ALUMINATE ARE PROPORTIONAL TO THEIR ALKALINITY.

Patients who had died with dialysis encephalopathy syndrome had brain gray matter aluminum levels that were 3 times higher (approximately 12 mg/kg dry weight) than those seen in patients who had been comparably dialyzed but did not have dialysis encephalopathy syndrome (approximately 4 mg/kg dry weight). Both of these groups were markedly higher than the 1 mg/kg dry weight level seen in controls. These data clearly indicate elevated brain levels of aluminum in dialyzed patients and emphasize the fact that only the highest levels of brain aluminum are associated with dialysis encephalopathy syndrome. /Aluminum/

X ray spectrometric evidence of aluminum accumulation in neurofibrillary tangle bearing neurons of human brains was reported. Quite in contrast to the extensive literature on aluminum in dialysis encephalopathy syndrome, there appears to be only a small amount of additional corroborating evidence for elevated brain levels of aluminum in Alzheimer's disease patients. ... Much of the argument for a role of aluminum in Alzheimer's disease has been built on the fact that in experimental animals, such as cat and rabbit, intracerebral injections of small amounts of aluminum result in neural degeneration which is characterized by the development of neurofibrillary tangles. ... Aluminum induced tangles in experimental animals are composed of single 10 nm filaments while those from Alzheimer's disease are paired, helically wound filaments. ... In spite of the apparent similarities in the two types of tangles, there are sufficient differences to warrant caution in interpreting that the tangles in humans are caused by aluminum as they are in experimental animals. /Aluminum/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM ALUMINATE (25 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ACTIVITIES OF MAN INCR ALUMINUM CONTENT IN SURFACE WATER ... .

Chemical: Aluminate, (AlO21-), sodium

Chemical: Aluminium sodium oxide

Aluminate (AlO21-), sodium (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Aluminate (AlO21-), sodium (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Aluminum sodium oxide is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Aluminum sodium oxide are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 23-02-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15466；Status: Active Update: 22-11-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/7456；Status: Active Update: 17-06-2011 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1350

Status: Active Update: 06-12-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14477

(CA) CALIFORNIA 1000 ug/l /Aluminum/

(AZ) ARIZONA 73 ug/l /Aluminum/

(CA) CALIFORNIA 200 ug/l /Aluminum/

(ME) MAINE 1430 ug/l /Aluminum/

EPA 50-200 ug/l /Aluminum/

The mean plasma half-life of aluminum after iv admin in dogs is approx 4.5 hr. /Aluminum/

The shorter half-life for the urinary elimination of aluminum was about 8 hr. /Aluminum/

Aluminum is poorly absorbed following either oral or inhalation exposure and is essentially not absorbed dermally. The bioavailability of aluminum is strongly influenced by the aluminum compound and the presence of dietary constituents which can complex with aluminum and enhance or inhibit its absorption. Aluminum binds to various ligands in the blood and distributes to every organ, with highest concentrations found in bone and lung tissues. In living organisms, aluminum is believed to exist in four different forms: as free ions, as low-molecular-weight complexes, as physically bound macromolecular complexes, and as covalently bound macromolecular complexes. Absorbed aluminum is excreted principally in the urine and, to a lesser extent, in the bile, while unabsorbed aluminum is excreted in the faeces. (L739)

It was calculated that a dialysate aluminum concn of 0.2-1.0 mg/l (a concn readily found in many water supplies) would result in the direct transfer of aluminum into the blood of 3-16 mg for each dialysis treatment or 42-211 mg/mo. /Aluminum/

A given oral dose of aluminum results in significantly higher serum and tissue levels of the metal in nephrectomized rats than in intact controls in spite of the fact that only minimal amounts of aluminum are normally excreted in the urine. /Aluminum/

It was found that 70-90% of total aluminum bound to plasma proteins (60-70% to a high molecular weight protein and 10-20% to albumin while only 10-30% was unbound). This high affinity of aluminum for plasma proteins strongly suggests high levels of binding of aluminum to a variety of tissue proteins. /Aluminum/

It was shown that the uptake of aluminum into the blood during renal dialysis was due to the extensive binding of aluminum to plasma proteins leaving very little aluminum in the non-bound state in plasma. Thus, the plasma proteins served as a trap for accumulating the metal. It was shown that the component of plasma protein that binds aluminum is saturable. Consistent with this ... is the fact that, during dialysis with aluminum containing dialysate, plasma aluminum levels reach a plateau. /Aluminum/

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for SODIUM ALUMINATE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used for printing on fabrics (mordant), making foundry molds (binder), to soften and purify water, to harden building stones, to process acrylic and polyester fibers, to remove carbonyl sulfide from gas streams, and to improve sizing and filler retention in the paper industry; Also used to make soap, lake colors, milk-glass, cleansing compounds, alumina-based catalysts, and zeolites; [HSDB]

Molding and Core Making [Category: Foundry]；Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]；Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing) [Category: Industry]；Glass Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

PRINTING ON FABRICS; SOAP; HARDENING BUILDING STONES; MFR LAKE COLORS & MILK-GLASS; SIZING PAPER; WATER SOFTENER.

SIZING IMPROVER & FILLER RETENTION AID IN PAPER INDUSTRY; ADDITIVE TO TITANIUM DIOXIDE PIGMENTS FOR OUTDOOR PAINTS; COMPONENT OF ALKALINE WASHING SOLUTIONS, EG, FOR GLASS; ACRYLIC & POLYESTER FIBER PROCESSING ADDITIVE; CHEM INT FOR ALUMINA-BASED CATALYSTS; BINDER IN FOUNDRY MOLDS.

Mordant, zeolites, water purification, sizing paper, manufacture of milk-glass, soap & cleansing compounds.

/In removing/ carbonyl sulfide from a gas stream.

(1976) 1.35X10+6 GRAMS

(1978) 2.23X10+8 GRAMS

2023: 850,000,000 - <1,000,000,000 lb；2022: 850,000,000 - <1,000,000,000 lb；2021: 850,000,000 - <1,000,000,000 lb；2020: 700,000,000 - <850,000,000 lb

2023: 473,600,000 lb；2022: 465,600,000 lb；2021: 532,900,000 lb；2020: 486,000,000 lb

(1976) 5.00X10+10 GRAMS

Flocculating agent

Other

Processing aids not otherwise specified；Bleaching agent；pH regulating agent；Other；Solids separation (precipitating) agent, not otherwise specified；Flocculating agent；Pigment；Intermediate；Reducing agent

Other；Flocculating agent；Intermediate

REACTION OF HYDRATED ALUMINA WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE; FUSION OF SODIUM CARBONATE WITH ALUMINUM ACETATE.

BY HEATING BAUXITE WITH SODIUM CARBONATE & EXTRACTING SODIUM ALUMINATE WITH WATER.

GRADES: TECHNICAL; REAGENT; ALSO 27 DEG BAUME SOLUTION.

Plastics -> Polymer Type -> N.a.

Cosmetics -> Buffering

Plastics -> Flame retardants

Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)；All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing；Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing；Paper Manufacturing；Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing；Other (requires additional information)；Services；Utilities；All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing；Wholesale and Retail Trade

All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing；Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing；Utilities；Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing；All other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

Aluminate (AlO21-), sodium (1:1): ACTIVE

Sodium aluminate normally contains an excess of sodium hydroxide or soda ash to maintain a sufficiently high pH to prevent aluminum hydroxide precipitation prior to its addition ... as a coagulant /in municipal water treatment/.

THE SUPPLY IN SOILS IS ABUNDANT. SOME ACID SOILS CONTAIN SUFFICIENT ALUMINUM IN SOLUTION FORM TO KILL CERTAIN PLANTS. /ALUMINUM/