Carvacrol

THYMOL ODOR

MEDICINAL SMOKE ODOR

0.976 @ 20 °C/4 °C

0.974-0.979

NEEDLES

COLORLESS OR YELLOWISH, THICK LIQUID

SLIGHTLY SOL IN WATER; SOL IN ETHANOL, ETHER, ALKALIS; VERY SOLUBLE IN ACETONE

1.25 mg/mL at 25 °C

insoluble in water; miscible in oils

miscible (in ethanol)

237-238 °C @ 760 MM HG

237.70 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

236-238 °C

1 °C

3.5 °C

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.5230 @ 20 °C/D; MAX ABSORPTION (ALCOHOL): 277.5 NM (LOG E= 3.26); SADTLER REFERENCE NUMBER: 2470 (IR, PRISM)

1.521-1.528

Thick colorless liquid; [Hawley] Clear, deep yellow liquid; [MSDSonline]

Liquid

Colourless to pale yellow liquid, pungent, spicy odour

1278；1275；1280；1276；1275；1289；1273；1278；1297；1275；1272；1275；1275；1298；1277；1279；1275；1278；1278；1272

1304；1300；1294；1299；1291；1299；1300；1294.3；1285；1295；1300；1315；1315.8；1317；1311；1299；1302；1299；1304；1293

2219；2225；2183；2215；2212；2214；2222；2195；2183；2219；2215；2209；2189；2186；2223；2219；2219；2191；2191；2219

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.1% (2 of 1828) of reports.

Warning

H302 (99.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]；H315 (90.4%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]；H317 (91.5%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]；H319 (90.2%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1828 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 1828 reports by companies.；There are 12 notifications provided by 1826 of 1828 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Chemical: Phenol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-

Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 (amended)

Phenol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phenol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 26-11-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23562

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

172.515

121.1164; LIMITATIONS: SYNTHETIC FLAVOR.

REVIEW WITH 42 REF ON CARVACROL INCL TOXICITY, IRRITATION, SENSITIZATION, METAB, PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION, PHARMACOLOGY, CYTOTOXICITY, CHEMOTHERAPY, & EFFECT ON ISOLATED TISSUES & ORGANELLES.[OPDYKE DL J; MONOGRAPH ON FRAGRANCE RAW MATERIALS. CARVACROL; FOOD COSMET TOXICOL 17(ISS SUPPL) 743 (1979)]

The CIR Expert panel concludes Sodium p-Chloro-m-Cresol, p-Chloro-m-Cresol, Chlorothymol, m-Cresol, o-Cresol, Isopropyl Cresols, Thymol, o-Cymen-5-ol, Cavacrol are safe at concentrations up to 0.5% in cosmetics; however, the available data are insufficient to support the safety of p-Cresol and Mixed Cresols for use in cosmetic products.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

FOUND IN OIL OF ORIGANUM, THYME, MARJORAM, SUMMER SAVORY...

OCCURS IN BARK OIL OF THUJA ARTICULATA, CAMPHOR OIL, IN OILS OF MONARDA CITRIODORA & MONARDA FISTULOSA, IN SOME SPECIES OF SATUREJA, IN OIL OF VARIOUS SPECIES OF ORIGANUM, THYME, THYMBRA SPICATA L, IN SEED OIL OF PTYCHOTIS AJOWAN DC, & OTHERS.

TECHNICAL GRADE (1.0 & 0.1% IN ETHANOL) PRODUCED POS PATCH TESTS IN PT WITH ACUTE DERMATITIS OF FACE, BUT NO POS RESPONSES IN CONTROL SUBJECTS. TESTED @ 4% IN PETROLATUM, IT PRODUCED NO IRRITATION AFTER 48-HR.

CARVACROL SHOWED MODERATE CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS IN HELA CELLS.

SOMEWHAT MORE TOXIC THAN THYMOL IN RATS & RABBITS.

EVALUATED FOR MUTAGENIC EFFECTS TO 5 STRAINS OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM EMPLOYING PROCEDURES DESCRIBED BY AMES, ISOTHYMOL HAD PRONOUNCED MUTAGENICITY.

CARVACROL APPLIED FULL STRENGTH TO INTACT OR ABRADED RABBIT SKIN FOR 24 HR UNDER OCCLUSION WAS SEVERELY IRRITATING.

WHEN MIXT OF 93% CARVACROL & 7% THYMOL IN ARACHIS OIL WAS ADMIN BY GASTRIC INTUBATION TO CFE STRAIN RATS IN SINGLE DOSE OF 1.5 MMOL/KG, SLIGHT INCR IN PRODUCTION OF LIVER BIPHENYL-4-HYDROXYLASE WAS NOTED.

CARVACROL SHOWED PAPAVERINE-LIKE ANTISPASMODIC ACTION ON ISOLATED SMALL INTESTINE OF MOUSE. ADDED TO BOVINE SEMINAL VESICLE MICROSOMES @ 4.1 UG/ML, IT INHIBITED THE IN VITRO FORMATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1 BY 50%.

◉ Summary of Use during Lactation；Oregano (Origanum vulgare) leaves and oil contain carvacrol, thymol, eugenol and rosmarinic acid. Oregano has been used in medicinal doses for respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders and as an antimicrobial. Oregano oil has been advocated as a treatment for lactation-related Candida infection of the nipples; however, no clinical studies have confirmed the safety or efficacy of this use. Oregano has been used as a galactogogue in Türkiye. No data exist on the safety or efficacy of oregano in nursing mothers or infants. Oregano and oregano oil are "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) as food ingredients by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Oregano is generally well tolerated, but gastrointestinal upset and allergic skin reactions have been reported rarely. Because of a lack of data, oregano in amounts higher than those found in foods as a flavoring should probably be avoided during breastfeeding.；Dietary supplements do not require extensive pre-marketing approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Manufacturers are responsible to ensure the safety, but do not need to prove the safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements before they are marketed. Dietary supplements may contain multiple ingredients, and differences are often found between labeled and actual ingredients or their amounts. A manufacturer may contract with an independent organization to verify the quality of a product or its ingredients, but that does not certify the safety or effectiveness of a product. Because of the above issues, clinical testing results on one product may not be applicable to other products. More detailed information about dietary supplements is available elsewhere on the LactMed Web site.；◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants；Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.；◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk；Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

Chemical: Phenol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-

Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 (amended)

Phenol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phenol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 26-11-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23562

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

172.515

121.1164; LIMITATIONS: SYNTHETIC FLAVOR.

/WHEN FED TO RABBITS,/ THE SUBSTITUTED MONOPHENOLS, THYMOL & CARVACROL, WHICH OCCUR IN ESSENTIAL OILS OF PLANTS...ARE...CONJUGATED WITH GLUCURONIC ACID & SULFATE.

CARVACROL IS METABOLIZED BY CONJUGATION WITH GLUCURONIC ACID & SULFATE.

Carvacrol has known human metabolites that include (2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylphenoxy)oxane-2-carboxylic acid and (2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylphenyl) hydrogen sulfate.

CARVACROL APPEARS TO BE SLOWLY ABSORBED FROM INTESTINE IN RABBIT, SINCE 22 HR AFTER ADMIN OF 1.5 G, SOME 30% WAS STILL IN GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT, ABOUT 25% OF DOSE HAVING BEEN EXCRETED IN URINE.

CARVACROL APPLIED TO INTACT SHAVED ABDOMINAL SKIN OF MOUSE WAS NOT ABSORBED WITHIN 2 HR.

CIR ingredient: Carvacrol

Found in oil of origanum, thyme, marjoram, and summer savory; Used as a disinfectant, fungicide, and anthelmintic (nematodes); Also used in organic syntheses and in perfumes and flavorings; [Hawley] Origanum oil is about 60% carvacrol; [HSDB]

Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]；Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

DISINFECTANT; IN ORGANIC SYNTHESES

MEDICATION: ANTIFUNGAL; ANTHELMINTIC AGENT

PERFUMES; FLAVORING

FROM P-CYMENE BY SULFONATION & SUBSEQUENT ALKALI FUSION. HIXSON & MCKEE, CHEM ZENTR, II: 851, 1919; GIBBS & PHILLIPS, J IND ENG CHEM, 12: 145, 1920.

...BY CHLORINATION OF ALPHA-PINENE WITH TERT-BUTYL HYPOCHLORITE: RITTER, GINSBURG, J AM CHEM SOC 72, 2381 (1950); FROM 2-BROMO-P-CYMOL: STRUBELL, BAUMGARTEL, ARCH PHARM 291, 66 (1958).

THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCT CONSISTS OF A MIXTURE OF ISOMERS DIFFERING BECAUSE OF THE POSITION OF THE ISOPROPYL RADICAL. THE TECHNICAL & PURE QUALITY ARE DIFFERENT BECAUSE OF THE ODOR CHARACTERISTICS.

THE MAIN CONSTITUENT/OF ORIGANUM OIL/IS CARVACROL (ca 60%)

Fragrance Ingredients

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Phenol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-: ACTIVE

FLAVORS USEFUL IN: SMOKE FLAVORS, SPICE, MEAT FLAVORS.

REPORTED USES: /IN/ NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 26 PPM; ICE CREAM, ICES, ETC 34 PPM; CANDY 92 PPM; BAKED GOODS 120 PPM; CONDIMENTS 37 PPM.

FEMA NUMBER 2245