Tetranitromethan
TNM · tetan · NSC 16146 · NCI-C55947 · tetranitro-methan · Tetranitromethane · tetranitromethane0 · Methane,tetranitro-

Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 509-14-8 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | CN4O8 |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 196,03 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 195,97161296 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=[N+]([O-])C([N+](=O)[O-])([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-] |
| InChIKey | NYTOUQBROMCLBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 10509 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL261663 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:82372 |
| EC No. | 208-094-7 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID5021334 |
| Lokaler Name | Tetranitromethan |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 0,1 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 183 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 8 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 0 |
| Schwere Atome | 13 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 209 |
| Stoffklassen | Toxic Gases & Vapors -> OxidizersCarcinogens |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum |
| Geruch | Distinct pungent odor |
| Dichte | 1.638 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than waterwill sink1.6229 at 20 °C/4 °CDensity: 1.638 at 25 °C/4 °C /Technical/Relative density (water = 1): 1.61.6380 @ 20°C1.637 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Viscosity | 1.76 cP at 20 °C |
| Color/Form | Colorless oily fluidColorless to pale-yellow liquid or solid (below 57 degrees F). |
| Löslichkeit | less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)Soluble in ethanol, ether, and carbon tetrachlorideFreely sol in alcoholic potassium hydroxideIn water, 900 mg/L at 25 °CSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.009 (very poor)InsolubleMiscible with alcohol and ether (Hawley, 1981) |
| Corrosivity | Attacks iron, copper, brass, zinc, rubber |
| Flammpunkt | greater than 235 °F (NTP, 1992)Flash point > 235 °F>235 °F>230 °F |
| Siedepunkt | 259 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)126 °C at 760 mm Hg40 °C at 25.8 mm Hg30 °C at 14.9 mm Hg20 °C at 8.4 mm Hg13.8 °C at 5.7 mm Hg0 °C at 1.9 mm Hg126.1 °C @760 [mm Hg]126 °C(lit.) |
| Decomposition | It should not be distilled, as explosive decomposition may occur.When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/. |
| Schmelzpunkt | 57.6 °F (EPA, 1998)13.8 °C13 °C57 °F13-14 °C(lit.) |
| Dampfdruck | 8.4 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Brechungsindex | n20/D 1.438(lit.) |
| Lagerbedingungen | 2-8°C |
| Aggregatzustand | liquid |
| Spezifische Wärmekapazität | Cp(gas): 0.9 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 13,9305 |
| Henry-Konstante | 4.1×10-3 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, HSDB (2015) |
| Dielektrizitätskonstante | 23.1(Ambient) |
| Stabilität | Stability Oxidizer. Reacts with a wide variety of materials including organics, brass, zinc, cotton, sodium, pyridine, toluene, aluminium, finely powdered metals. Heat, friction and shock sensitive. May decompose or react with other chemicals violently. |
| CAS Datenbank | 509-14-8(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Tetranitromethane (509-14-8) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | DangerH271 (100%): May cause fire or explosionstrong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquidsOxidizing solids]P203, P210, P220, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P283, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P403+P233, P405, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 39 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity] |
|---|---|
| Hazards Identification | Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH) |
| Regulatorische Informationen | Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Poison Inhalation Hazard Oxidizer |
| Brandgefahren | Spontaneous chemical reaction may produce fire. Material is a strong oxidizer. The potential for explosion is severe, especially when exposed to heat or to powerful oxidizing or reducing agentsor when shocked or heated. It is more easily detonated than TNT. Impurities can also cause explosion. The material is highly sensitivehydrocarbons exposed to it form exceedingly sensitive explosives. When heated to decomposition, it emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen. Shock will explode it. Avoid hydrocarbons, aluminum, toluene, cotton, aromatic nitro compounds, alkalis, metals and rubber. Avoid impurities, shock, heat, and reducing agents. (EPA, 1998)· May explode from friction, heat or contamination.Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Explosive. |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | Acute effects include irritation of the eyes and respiratory passages and mild burns to the skin. After more prolonged inhalation, headache and respiratory distress may occur. After prolonged exposure, central nervous system, heart, liver, and kidney damage can occur as well as pulmonary edema. (EPA, 1998) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Beschreibung
Tetranitromethane (TNM) is a nitroalkane compound that is a colorless to pale-yellow liquid or solid (below 57 F) with a biting, pungent odor at room temperature. TNM is not known to occur as a natural product and is generated during the manufacture of trinitrotoluene (TNT) as an undesired byproduct that can be separated by means of its higher vapor pressure. It can be prepared by different reactions, the nitration of acetic anhydride or acetylene with nitric acid being the less problematic. It was synthesized in large amounts (as an industrial-scale production) for the first time in Germany during World War II during the development of the V2 rocket for use as a substitute for nitric acid in rocket fuel and due to the observation that its addition to diesel fuel increased the cetane number. A pilot-scale manufacture was set up by Nitroform Inc. (Newark, NJ, USA), but in 1953 was destroyed by an explosion. In 1994, TNM was produced by only one company in the United States and another one in Russia.
Verwenden
Reagent for nitration of enol silyl ethers7 and aromatic compounds.8 Employed in the photooxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides.9