Chlorbenzilat (ISO)

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Store in tightly closeed containers in a cool , well ventilated area away from strong acids, strong bases. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Sources of ignition are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored ...

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a POTW is acceptable only after review by the governing authority. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must meet Hazardous Material Criteria for disposal.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms. ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal. ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately. ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly. ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated. ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from the area of the spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as hazardous waste...

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U038, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Incineration in a unit equipped with an effluent gas scrubber to absorb hydrogen chloride. Incineration temp above 1200 °C for 1-2 sec. Recommendable method: Incineration.

Chlorobenzilate is easily hydrolyzed in strong alkali or acid. The dichlorobenzilic acid is unstable and readily decarboxylates. (ClC6H4)2COH COOC2H5 + NaOH ---> (ClC6H4)2COHCOONa + C2H5OH; (ClC6H4)2COHCOOC2H5 + H+ ---> (ClC6H4)2CO + CO2 + H2O + C2H5OH. Chlorobenzilate is dehalogenated by sodium in isopropyl alcohol. The organic products have not been identified. Incineration is the best method to dispose of chlorobenzilate. The incinerator must be equipped with an effluent gas scrubber to absorb hydrogen chloride. Incineration temp above 1000 °C for 1-2 sec. Recommendable method: Incineration. Not recommendable method: Hydrolysis. Peer-review: Hydrolysis yields p,p'-dichlorobenophenone which is more toxic than chlorobenzilate. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Good candidate for liquid injection incineration process at 650 to 1,600 °C with a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. Good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at 820 to 1,600 °C with a residence time of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for CHLOROBENZILATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Wash hands with soap and water each time before eating, drinking, or smoking. At the end of each work day, bathe entire body with soap and plenty of water. Wear clean clothes each day, and launder before reusing.

Avoid breathing vapors or spray mist; Take special care to avoid getting chlorobenzilate in the eyes, on skin, or on clothing. If chlorobenzilate gets on clothing, remove contaminated clothing and wash affected parts of body with soap and water. If the extent of contamination is unknown, bathe the entire body thoroughly, and change to new clothing.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CHLOROBENZILATE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Citrus grove spray applicators - urine (35 samples from 5 workers over 23 days of spray application) 0.07-6.2 ppm, 1.3 ppm avg whereas nonexposed humans average <0.01 ppm(1). The estimated total body accumulation rates of chlorobenzilate for 11 harvesters of oranges from orange trees which had been treated with chlorobenzilate with air blast equipment ranged from 227 to 2085 ug/hr over a period of 6 days with an avg of 952 ug/hr(2). Chlorobenzilate was not detected in milk in US(3).

In case of ingestion, consider cautious gastric lavage; it must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation. Activated charcoal binds most toxic agents and can decrease their systemic absorption if administered soon after ingestion. In case of inhalation, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress, and if cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes if the exposure occurred through eye contact. In case of dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and jewellery. Wash skin and hair thoroughly; do two soap and water washings. Leather absorbs pesticides. Hence, leather should not be worn in the presence of pesticides and all contaminated leather should be discarded. (T36)

The organochlorine pesticide 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene) bis(4-chlorobenzene) (DDT) and four structural analogues (bromopropylate, chlorobenzilate, dicofol and fenarimol) were investigated for their ability to inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication both in the Chinese hamster V79 metabolic co-operation assay and in the scrape-loading/dye-transfer assay in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells. The pesticides were also studied for their ability to enhance the development of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive altered hepatic foci and induce cytochrome P450 monooxygenase isoenzymes in nitrosamine-initiated male Sprague-Dawley rats. The in vitro studies showed all organohalogens except fenarimol to be potent inhibitors of cell-cell communication in both test systems used. Concomitant results were recorded in the vivo study. Thus, all potent inhibitors of intercellular communication were found to enhance significantly foci development and fenarimol was again without any significant effect. All pesticides studied were shown to be potent inducers of the phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P450 isoenzyme and to cause hepatomegaly. Thus, no strict correlation between cytochrome P450b induction/liver growth and tumor promotion-related effect in vivo and in vitro was apparent for these organhalogen pesticides in the present study.

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, age 9 days) dietary >5620 ppm for 8 days

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck) oral via capsule >2250 mg/kg

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (mallard duck) diet > 8000 ppm for 5 days /From table/

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite, age 13 days) dietary >3788 ppm for 8 days

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CHLOROBENZILATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,500(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.74(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chlorobenzilate is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of chlorobenzilate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.2X10-6 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 13 mg/L(5). Chlorobenzilate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(2), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,500(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.74(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that chlorobenzilate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.2X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.2X10-6 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 13 mg/L(6). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF range of 224 to 709(2) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Aqueous solutions of chlorobenzilate at pH 8 were exposed to sunlight for 10 to 60 days with no decomposition(8), suggesting that chlorobenzilate is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. Chlorobenzilate added to water was converted to organic products in 22 days; however, no (14)CO2 evolution was detected until the addition of sediment(9), suggesting that mineralization is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chlorobenzilate, which has a vapor pressure of 2.2X10-6 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chlorobenzilate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.2 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Aqueous solutions of chlorobenzilate at pH 8 were exposed to sunlight for 10 to 60 days with no decomposition(4), suggesting that chlorobenzilate is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The U.S. Total Diet Study has analyzed food composite samples for chlorobenzilate residues(1-4). In adult total diet samples, chlorobenzilate was detected in one of 20 composites of fruits collected from 20 cities between Oct 1979-Sept 1980 at a concn of 4 ppb(1) and in 4 of 27 composites of fruits collected from 27 cities between Oct 1980-March 1982 at a concn range of 2-6 ppb(2). In infant and toddler total diet samples, chlorobenzilate was detected in one of 10 composites of fruits collected from 10 cities between Oct 1979-Sept 1980 at a concn of 2 ppb(3) and in one of 13 composites of fruits collected from 13 cities between Oct 1980-March 1982 at a concn of 2 ppb(4). Chlorobenzilate was not detected in composites of food groups other than fruit/fruit juices(1-4). Chlorobenzilate was detected, not quantified, in 2% of the samples of total diet foods collected from April 1982-April 1984 in 8 collections representing the diets of 8 populations(5). Chlorobenzilate was detected in 2 of 6391 domestic agricultural commodities in a survey conducted by surveillance sampling, Oct 1981-Sept 1986; the concn of the positive samples fell into the >0.50 to 1.0 ppm and the >1.0 to 2.0 ranges(6).

Chlorobenzilate residue was detected at a maximum residue concentration of 3.2 ppm in 2 of 862 orange surveillance samples collected for the FDA regulatory monitoring of domestic foods which may be eaten by infants/children between 1985 and 1991(1). Chlorobenzilate was detected at an average concn of 0.0045 ug/g in 7 of 234 ready-to-eat foods tested repeatedly for 10 years through the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations's Revised Market Basket Study from 1982 to 1991(2). Data contributed from 10 state food laboratories (CA, FL, IN, MA, MI, NC, NY, OR, VA, WI) for the FOODCONTAM database indicated that chlorobenzilate was detected, not quantified, in 10 (0.071%) of 13,980 food samples in fiscal year 1988; and in 20 (0.152%) of 13,980 food samples in fiscal year 1989(3). Chlorobenzilate has been found in pears at concn ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 ppm(4). The concn in apples treated once with a 62 g/100 ml solution of chlorobenzilate after 1,8, and 39 days were 4.98, 4.33 and 0.9 ppm, respectively(4). The residues in apples and citrus fruits was found exclusively in the peel where its concn decreased slowly(4). Chlorobenzilate was detected (number of positive samples not identified) in a surveillance study conducted in 1992, consisting of 16,428 (7,777 domestic and 8,651 imported) samples analyzed under regulatory monitoring(5).

Chlorobenzilate was not detected in fruit and vegetable samples collected from January 1995 to December 1996 as part of the Danish Nation Pesticide Monitoring Program(1).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Dermal (L957

At least four mechanisms, possibly all functioning simultaneously. DDT reduces potassium transport across the membrane. DDT alters the porous channels through which sodium ions pass. These channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization. DDT inhibits neuronal adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), particularly Na+K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase which play vital roles in neuronal repolarization. DDT also inhibits the ability of calmodulin, a calcium mediator in nerves, to transport calcium ions that are essential for the release of neurotransmitters. All these inhibited functions reduce the rate of depolarization and increase the sensitivity of neurons to small stimuli that would not elicit a response in a fully depolarized neuron. (T10)

U038; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when chlorobenzilate, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance with newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Chlorobenzilate is found on List A, which contains most pesticides that are used on foods and, hence, have a high potential for human exposure. List A consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA '88. Case No: 0072; Pesticide type: insecticide (acaricide); Registration Standard Date: 12/30/83; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): Chlorobenzilate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Chlorobenzilate is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).