| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 1,1-dichloro-2-propanone in corn oil by gavage at 0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day for 90 consecutive days. Food and water consumption, body and organ weights, organ-to-body weight ratios, hematology, and clinical chemistry parameters were determined. Gross and microscopic pathology examinations also were conducted. No treatment-related mortality was observed during the studyhowever, liver, forestomach, and kidney toxicity was evident. Liver changes consisted of cytoplasmic alteration, cytomegaly, karyomegaly, and bile duct hyperplasia. These occurred with significance of p < or = 0.05 at or above 10 mg/kg/day in both sexes. The forestomach lesions included hyperkeratosis and epithelial hyperplasia in both sexes at 40 and 80 mg/kg/day, and ulcerations at 80 mg/kg/day. Also, an increased incidence and severity of spontaneously occurring chronic progressive nephropathy was most apparent in high dose males. Increases in organ-to-body weight ratios were noted for the liver and kidneys in females at the highest dose level and in males at the two highest dose levels. Serum enzymes (ALT, AST, and LDH) were increased in females and decreased in males. Based on liver lesions and biochemical changes, it was concluded that there was no experimentally definable NOAEL./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Several chlorinated acetones have been identified in drinking water and these, as well as a number of chlorinated acroleins, are produced by chlorination of humic acid solutions. Many of these chlorinated compounds and the brominated acrolein analog were positive in the Ames Assay in the laboratory. To determine if carcinogenic activity was associated with these chemicals the following acetone derivatives: monochloro (MCA)1,1-dichloro (1,1-DCA), 1,3-dichloro (1,3-DCA), 1,1,1-trichloro (1,1,1-TCA), 1,1,3-trichloro (1,1,3-TCA), and substituted acroleins: 2-chloro (CAC), 3,3-dichloro (DCAC), 2,3,3-trichloro (TCAC) and 2-bromo (BAC), were applied topically to SENCAR mice (25, 30, or 40/group) at the following dose levels: 50 mg/kg (MCA and 1,1,3-TCA)50, 75 and 100 mg/kg (1,3-DCA)100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (CAC, DCAC, and TCAC)200 and 300 mg/kg (BAC)and 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg (1,1-DCA, and 1,1,1-TCA). Doses were applied six times over a 2-week period in 0.2 mL ethanol per application. 1,3-DCA was also tested with single doses of 37.5, 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg in 0.2 mL ethanol. Control animals received 0.2 mL ethanol per application as a single dose or multiple doses to match corresponding studies. Two weeks after the final dose, 1.0 ug TPA in 0.2 mL acetone was applied three times weekly for 20 weeks. After 24 weeks the percentage of animals with tumors for dose groups above were: MCA (8)1,1,3-TCA (10)1,3-DCA, multiple doses (48, 45, 32)CAC (30, 28, 38)DCAC (3, 0, 0)TCAC (10, 5, 0)BAC (54, 43)1,1-DCA (0, 5, 0)1,1,1-TCA (10, 5, 0)1,3-DCA, single doses (47, 47, 63, 20)controls (12 ... , 9 ... average). These data show that 1,3-DCA, CAC and BAC, when applied topically, initiate tumors in the mouse skin. These chemicals administered orally in a 2% emulphor solution ... did not initiate tumors in the mouse skin. /Chlorinated acetones and acroleins//GENOTOXICITY/ Mutagenic potencies among the chloropropanones in Salmonella typhimurium bacteria differed greatly. 1,3-dichloropropanone (1,3-DCP) was mutagenic in the nanomole range, 1,1-dichloropropanone (1,1-DCP) was weakly mutagenic in the micromole range, and monochloropropanone (MCP), was not mutagenic. Mutagenicity of the dichloropropanones was evident without metabolic activation. ... /Chloropropanones//GENOTOXICITY/ Soil humic substances were chlorinated in solution, extracted with ether and subjected to mutagenicity assay. Mutagenicity was detected using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100, with or without S9 mixmutagenic activity was found to be less with added S9 mix. Ether extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various chlorinated and non-chlorinated compounds were detected, e.g. chlorinated esters, acetones and carboxylic acids, as well as non-chlorinated aromatics. The mutagenicity of the major chlorination products was examined. Chloral and 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloro-2-propanone (pentachloroacetone) were found to be mutagenic, and 1,1-dichloro-2-propanone (1,1-dichloroacetone) was a possible mutagen. The yields of these mutagens increased with an increase in chlorine concentration.For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,1-DICHLOROACETONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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