2-Methyl-1-butene

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

Immediate precautionary measure

120 [mg/m3]

1300 [mg/m3]

7900 [mg/m3]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 68(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-methyl-1-butene should have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-methyl-1-butene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.43 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) calculated from its water solubility(4) and vapor pressure(3). The potential for volatilization of 2-methyl-1-butene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 610 mm Hg(3). While biodegradation data in soil were not located, 2-methyl-1-butene's relatively low molecular weight, hydrocarbon structure suggests that biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 68(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that 2-methyl-1-butene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.43 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) calculated from its water solubility(5) and vapor pressure(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.4 hours and 3.3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF of 25(SRC) estimated from its estimated log Kow of 2.72(8) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. While biodegradation data in water were not located, 2-methyl-1-butene's relatively low molecular weight, hydrocarbon structure suggests that biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: 2-Methyl-1-butene which has a vapor pressure of 610 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is a volatile organic compound and should exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere(1). It is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules(SRC); the half-life for the reaction with hydroxyl radicals in air is estimated to be 6.3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.07X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The reaction of 2-methyl-1-butene with ozone is estimated to be much slower than that with hydroxyl radicals and therefore would not markedly alter 2-methyl-1-butene's atmospheric half-life.

Petroleum distillate poisoning may cause nausea, vomiting, cough, pulmonary irritation progressing to pulmonary edema, bloody sputum, and bronchial pneumonia. At high amounts, central nervous system depression may also occur, with symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, slow and shallow respiration, unconsciousness, and convulsions. Petroleum distillates are also irritating to the skin. (A594)

Exhaust from turbojet engines operated at simulated high-altitude flight conditions contained 0.10-5.35 ppmC (ppm carbon) of 2-methyl-1-butene(1). Exhaust from a two-stroke moped contained 0.16 and 0.35 % weight of 2-methyl-1-butene, using an alkalate-based fuel(2). 2-Methyl-1-butene was emitted in the exhaust of 10 four-stroke lawnmower engines at 0.28 and 0.29 % of the total organic emissions, for two different gasolines(3). 2-Methyl-1-butene was emitted in the exhaust of a single-cylinder, production-type engine run on gasoline at 8 ppmC(4).

2-Methyl-1-butene accounted for 0.12 % of the total United Kingdom volatile organic compound emissions (by mass distribution) in 1990(1). Emissions of 2-methyl-1-butene from motor vehicles, measured inside the Van Nuys Tunnel, Los Angeles, CA in 1993 were determined to average 35 mg/L fuel consumed (2). 2-Methyl-1-butene was measured in the exhaust of 67 vehicles representative of the Sydney, Australia fleet at an average concentration of 0.3 %wt/wt non-methane hydrocarbons (3). 2-Methyl-1-butene was detected in the Tingstad Tunnel, Goteborg, Sweden at 0.17 to 0.33 % of the total non-methane volatile hydrocarbons over 5 different sampling days during 1991 and 1992 (4). Light-duty vehicle emissions measured at the Caldecott Tunnel, San Francisco, CA during August and October, 1994, contained 2-methyl-1-butene at 0.23 and 0.34 weight % of total volatile organic compounds; August fuel is low oxygenate concentration, October fuel is high oxygenate concentration(5).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2-methyl-1-butene can be estimated to be 68(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-methyl-1-butene is expected to have high mobility in soil.

SOURCE DOMINATED: Trace amounts of 2-methyl-1-butene were detected in brush fire smoke Cajon Pass, CA. 2-Methyl-1-butene was also detected in samples from an industrial area of Los Angeles County, CA, a Riverside, CA shopping center parking lot, and a nearby busy intersection with three filling stations. The compound was not detected in smog taken from the University of California Riverside campus(1). Air samples taken downwind from a natural gas facility at Piceance Creek in Rio Blanco County, CO, contained 2-methyl-1-butene at 10.7 ppbC(2). Monitoring data was collected from 6 self-service stations in the US (Cincinnati, OH, Phenoix, AZ, Los Angeles, CA) to assess consumer exposure to airborne gasoline components(3). 2-Methyl-1-butene was detected (detection of quantitation = 3 ug/sample) at a range of 0.02-5.2 mg/cu m(3).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Weekday air samples were taken from 6 to 9 am in 39 US cities during a 1984 through 1986 time period(1). In 822 samples, 2-methyl-1-butene was detected at a median concn of 2.6 ppbC, with a maximum value of 242 ppbC(1). Ambient air from Tulsa, OK contained 2-methyl-1-butene at a range of 0.6-6.4 ppbC(2). During a severe Los Angeles area photochemical smog episode in September 1993, 2-methyl-1-butene was measured in the vapor phase at an average concentration of 1.13 ug/cu m (range not detected to 3.40 ug/cu m)(3). Air samples collected from the industrial area of Houston, TX, contained 2-methyl-1-butene at concentrations of not detected to 53.8, 8.7 to 47.6 and not detected to 3.7 ppbC on separate days in September 1973, January 1974, and April, 1974, respectively (detection limit not reported) (4). Air samples collected by aircraft over Miami in May 1976 contained 2-methyl-1-butene at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.6 ppbC(5). Air samples collected from downtown Los Angeles during morning rush hour, fall 1968, contained 2-methyl-1-butene at 15 ppbC(6). The average concentration of 2-methyl-1-butene in downtown Porto Alegre, Brazil over the period March 1996 to April 1997 is 4.4 mg/cu m (n=46)(7). Concentrations of 2-methyl-1-butene inside and outside the town of Boone, NC (university town, little industry) from September 1981 to October 1982 ranged from 1.5 to 3.7 and 0.3 to 0.5 ppbC, respectively(8). The average concentration of 2-methyl-1-butene is 0.5 ppbv (0.5 weight %; n=140) in the morning air of Sydney, 30 day monitoring period at 3 different sampling sites (1 downwind of central business district, 2 sites downwind of a refinery-petrochemical complex)(9). 2-Methyl-1-butene was present at 2.0 ppb in ambient air samples collected at the Riverside CA County Building of Health and Finance between August 1965 and March 1966 in the early morning(10). The mean concentration of 2-methyl-1-butene measured between 6 and 9 am during the summers of 1984 to 1986 in 39 US cities located between 26 deg N and 43 deg N latitude was 2.6 ppbC(11).

RURAL/REMOTE: 2-Methyl-1-butene was detected in the ambient air of Sevier County, TN in the Great Smokey Mountains National Park, ranging from not detected to 1.1 ppbC(1). Air samples collected in the remote Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado contained 2-methyl-1-butene at concentrations from 0.4 to 1.2 ppbC(1). The concentration of 2-methyl-1-butene in air samples collected above a mixed deciduous forest in southern Ontario, Canada in 1993 was 0.002 and 0.003 ppbv in day and nighttime samples, respectively(2). 2-Methyl-1-butene was measured at 0.3 and 0.4 ppbC in ground level air samples collected in an orange grove during May near Dunedin, FL(3). An average 2-methyl-1-butene concentration of 0.2 mg/cu m was measured 30 km southeast of Porto Alegre, Brazil (upwind of the city during sample collection) in November 1996(4). Concentrations of 2-methyl-1-butene at 5 remote locations in the southern Appalachian Mountains of northwestern North Carolina from September 1981 to October 1982 ranged from not detected to 0.4 ppbC(5). 2-Methyl-1-butene was measured in air samples at concentrations from 0.2 to 3.2 ppbC collected from a picnic area at Jones State Forest between January 4 to 6, 1978(6).

2-Methyl-1-butene's production and use in organic synthesis and pesticide formulations(1) result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 2-Methyl-1-butene has been identified in emissions from automobiles, turbines, gasoline, and forest fires(2).

A concn of 500 mg/l of 2-methyl-1-butene was biodegraded by activated sludge using a Warburg respirometer at a rate of 50 mg/l of O2 uptake over 20 hrs after an initial lag of 10 hrs(1). This corresponds to a 10% theoretical BOD and suggests that biodegradation may be an important fate process(SRC). While biodegradation data in soil and water were not located, 2-methyl-1-butene's relatively low molecular weight, hydrocarbon structure suggests that biodegradation in both environments is expected to be an important fate process(2).

2-Methyl-1-butene

1

10000

Flammable chemical that can be released at a facility.