3-Chlor-2-methylpropen

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious); polymerization hazard]:

Use powder, carbon dioxide, foam. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog because solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water, being sure to apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical.

Personnel protection: Keep upwind of fire and avoid breathing vapors. Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment and be sure to wash away any material which may have contacted the body, with copious amounts of soap and water.

Wear boots, protective gloves, goggles and a self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment and be sure to wash away any material which may have contacted the body, with copious amounts of soap and water.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious); polymerization hazard]:

Immediate precautionary measure

MEDIAN LETHAL CONCN OF METHYLALLYL CHLORIDE FOR THE SMALL BLACK BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM DESTRUCTOR, WAS 21.9-22.9 G/CU M.

LD50 Goldfish 14 mg/l/24 hr

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 81(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene will have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.7X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for water solubility(2) and vapor pressure(4). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces(SRC) is expected based on a measured vapor pressure of 101.7 mm Hg(4). Based on limited data, 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene is expected to biodegrade under aerobic conditions in soil; in screening tests, this compound reached 42%(5) of the theoretical BOD in 5 days and 89-107% of the theoretical BOD in 28 days(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 81(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 3-Chloro-2-methyl-1-propene may volatilize from water surfaces(1,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.7X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for water solubility(2) and vapor pressure(3). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(1,SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF value of 10(1,SRC), from a measured water solubility(2), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on limited data, 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene is expected to biodegrade under aerobic conditions in water; in screening tests, this compound reached 42%(5) of the theoretical BOD in 5 days and 89-107% of the theoretical BOD in 28 days(2).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene, which has a measured vapor pressure of 101.7 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone(SRC); the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be about 10 and 27 hours, respectively(3,SRC).

Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=563-47-3]

Samples collected from a chemical plant chlorinated still bottom extract contained 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene at unreported concentrations(1). Effluent samples collected from an advanced wastewater treatment plant in Lake Tahoe, California in 1974 contained unreported concentrations of 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene(2).

The Koc of 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene is estimated as approximately 81(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 1400 mg/l at 25 °C(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 3-chloro-2-methyl-1-propene has high mobility in soil(SRC).

The ability of 3-chloro-2-methylpropene (CMP) to induce morphological transformation in the BALB/3T3 mouse cell line (Cell Transformation Assay) in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction was evaluated. Based on preliminary clonal toxicity determinations (exposure time=2 hrs), CMP was tested at 0.03, 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 ul/ml in the absence of activation (cell survival ranging from 100-77% relative to acetone solvent control), and at 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 ul/ml in the presence of added metabolic activation (cell survival ranging from 85% to <1%). Test material did not induce the appearance of a significant number of transformed foci.

The ability of 3-chloro-2-methylpropene (CMP) to induce morphological transformation in the BALB/3T3 mouse cell line (Cell Transformation Assay) in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction was evaluated. Based on preliminary clonal toxicity determinations (exposure time=2 hrs), CMP was tested at 0.03, 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 ul/ml in the absence of activation (cell survival ranging from 95-48% relative to acetone solvent control), and at 0.1, 0.18, 0.3 and 0.5 ul/ml in the presence of added metabolic activation (cell survival ranging from 124-48%). Test material did not induce the appearance of a significant number of transformed foci, although a marginal yet dose-responsive increase in transformation was observed in the assay with added metabolic activation.

Toxicity of 1-chloro-2-methylpropene (CMP) with respect to testicular changes was evaluated in male albino Wistar rats (10/treated group, 20 in arachis oil vehicle control group) exposed orally to CMP by gavage at dosage levels of 0, 40 or 60 mg/kg/day for 14 days. On day 15, the animals were sent for pathological examination. Significant differences were observed between treated and control animals in the following: decreased maternal body weight and body weight gain (high-dose group), increased incidence of minor renal changes (increase in eosinophilic intra-cytoplasmic inclusion droplets in the proximal convoluted tubules, high-dose group), and increased incidence of gastric lesions, severe irritative changes in the stomach, and focal erosion of the cardiac mucosa with moderate hyperkeratosis and acanthosis in the stomach (both treated groups). No significant differences between treated and control animals were observed in the following: maternal mortality, clinical observations, testes weights, morphology, or detailed macroscopic and microscopic examination of the testes, epididymides, ductuli efferentes, and vasa deferentes.

The mutagenicity of 3-chloro-2-methylpropene was evaluated in Salmonella tester strains TA1535, TA100, TA1537, TA1538 and TA98 (Ames test), both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. 3-Chloro-2-methylpropene, diluted in DMSO, was tested at concentrations up to 100ul/plate using the plate incorporation technique. 3-Chloro-2-methylpropene did not cause a positive response in any tester strain with or without metabolic activation.

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1. A. INHALATION, HIGH VAPOR CONCN: GASPING, REFUSAL TO BREATHE, COUGHING, SUBSTERNAL PAIN, & EXTREME RESP DISTRESS @ ... CONCN OVER 1500 PPM. IRRITATION OF EYES & UPPER RESP MUCOSA APPEARS PROMPTLY AFTER EXPOSURE TO CONCENTRATED VAPORS. LACRIMATION AND HEADACHE ARE PROMINENT. COMA MAY OCCUR RAPIDLY. B. INHALATION, LOW VAPOR CONCN: CENTRAL NERVOUS DEPRESSION & MODERATE IRRITATION OF RESP SYSTEM. 2. DERMAL: SEVERE SKIN IRRITATION WITH MARKED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF EPIDERMIS & UNDERLYING TISSUES. /DICHLOROPROPENES/

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 3. ORAL: ACUTE GI DISTRESS WITH PULMONARY CONGESTION & EDEMA. CNS DEPRESSION, PERHAPS EVEN IN ABSENCE OF IMPAIRED OXYGEN UPTAKE. 4. BY ANY ROUTE, POSSIBLE INJURIES TO LIVER, KIDNEYS & HEART. /DICHLOROPROPENES/

3-Chloro-2-methyl-1-propene's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of insecticides, plastics, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 3-Chloro-2-methyl-1-propene's former use as a fumigant(2) for grains, tobacco, soil(1) and vegetable seeds(4) would have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).