| GHS-Einstufung | DangerH300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P284, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 46 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.WarningH400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard] |
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| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Acetic acid, thallium(1+) saltAcetic acid, thallium(1+) salt: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
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| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Poison |
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| Brandgefahren | Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Contain toxic thallium fumes. |
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| Gesundheitsgefahren | Thallium is one of the more toxic elements both as an acute and a chronic poison. Effects of exposure are cumulative and onset of symptoms may be delayed 12 to 24 hours. May be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the skin. Irritating to skin and eyes. Readily absorbed through the skin and digestive tract. Ingestion of soluble thallium compounds has caused many deaths. Ingestion of sublethal quantities may cause nausea, vomiting, diarhea, abdominal pain, and bleeding from the gut accompanied or followed by drooping eyelids, crossed eyes, weakness, numbness, tingling of arms and legs, trembling, tightness and pain in the chest. Loss of hair may occur in two to three weeks. Severe intoxication may cause prostration, rapid hearbeat, convulsions, and psychosis. Some effects may be permanent. (USCG, 1999) |
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| Gefahrenübersicht | A skin and eye irritantCan be absorbed through skinMay be fatal by inhalation, skin absorption, and ingestion[CAMEO] An irritant[MSDSonline] The fatal human dose by ingestion is approximately 8 mg/kg. [HSDB] See Thallium and the linked occupational disease. |
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| Reaktive Gruppe | Salts, Basic |
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| Special Reports | USEPAAmbient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Thallium (1980) EPA 440/5-80-074RANGEL GUERRA R ET ALTHALLIUM INTOXICATION: CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH 14 CASESREV INVEST CLIN 32 (4): 381-90 (1980). CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH 14 CASES OF THALLIUM INTOXICATION IS DISCUSSED.Ludolph A et alTrace Elem Med 3 (3): 121-5 (1986). Clinical and electrophysiological data from chronic thallium exposure in cement plant workers are presented.Sharma J et alToxicol Environ Chem 11 (2) (1986). A review with 152 references on environmental pollution by thallium, and its toxicity and metabolism in humans and laboratory animals.For more Special Reports (Complete) data for THALLIUM(I) ACETATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| RCRA-Anforderungen | U214As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when thallium(I) acetate, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). |
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| OSHA Standards | Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.1 mg/cu m. Skin Designation. /Thallium, soluble compounds, as Tl/ |
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| Reactivity Profile | THALLIUM ACETATE gives aqueous solutions that are basic (neutralize acids). These neutralizations generate only a little heat. Neither a strong reducing agent nor oxidizing agent, but can serve as both. |
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| Air and Water Reactions | Deliquescent. Soluble in water. |
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| EPA Hazardous Waste Number | U214A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate. |
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| Brandbekämpfung | Fire Extinguishing Agents: Use an agent appropriate for the surrounding fire. (USCG, 1999) |
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| Erste Hilfe | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. |
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| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | Water, carbon dioxide, foam, dry chemical. /Soluble thallium cmpd/ |
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| Lagerbedingungen | KEEP WELL CLOSED. |
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| Freisetung ohne Brand | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
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| Entsorgungsverfahren | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U214, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.Thallium acetate is a poor candidate for incineration.Chemical Treatability of Thallium Concentration Process: Activated carbonChemical Classification: MetalsScale of Study: Literature ReviewType of Wastewater Used: UnkownResults of Study: GAC treatment after time precipitate yielded 84% reduction/Soluble thallium cmpd/Chemical Treatability of ThalliumConcentration Process: Chemical PrecipitationType of Wastewater Used: UnknownResults of Study: 54% reduction with lime. /Soluble thallium cmpd/Scale of Study: Pilot ScaleType of Wastewater Used: Synthetic wastewaterResults of Study: 30% reduction with ferric chloride, 31% reduction with aluminum (3 coagulants used: 220 ppm of alum @ pH= 6.4. 40 ppm of ferric chloride @ pH= 6.2, 415 ppm of lime @ pH= 11.5Chemical coagulation was followed by dual media filtration.) /Soluble thallium cmpd/ |
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| Preventive Measures | SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.If employees' clothing may have become contaminated with soluble thallium compounds, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. Clothing contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of soluble compounds from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the soluble thallium compounds, the person perfoming the operation should be informed of soluble thallium compounds's hazardous properties. Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be removed promptly and not reworn until the soluble thallium compound is removed from the clothing. /Soluble thallium compounds/Skin that becomes contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be promptly washed or showered to remove any soluble thallium compounds. Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where soluble thallium compound is handled, processed, or stored. Employees who handle soluble thallium compounds should wash their hands thoroughly before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities. /Soluble thallium compounds/ |
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| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]: |
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| Threshold Limit Values (TLV) | 0.1 [mg/m3], as Tl8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 mg/cu m, skin. /Thallium and soluble cmpd, as Tl/Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Thallium and soluble cmpd, as Tl/ |
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| Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) | 0.1 [mg/m3], as Tl |
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| Protective Action Criteria (PAC) | 0.077 [mg/m3]4.3 [mg/m3]26 [mg/m3] |
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| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)Respirator selection: 0.5 mg/cu m: Any dust and mist respirator, if not present as a fume. 1 mg/cu m: Any dust and mist respirator except single-use and quarter-mask respirators, if not present as a fume/Any supplied-air respirator. 2.5 mg/cu m: Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode/Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a dust and mist filter, if not present as a fume. 5 mg/cu m: Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting facepiece and is operated in a continuous-flow mode/Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece/Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. 15 mg/cu m: Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode/Any supplied-air respirator that has a full face piece and is operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Escape: Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. /Thallium (soluble cmpds, as Tl/ |
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| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Neurotoxin - Sensorimotor |
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| EPA IRIS Information | Thallium acetate |
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| Human Toxicity Excerpts | DURING PERIOD 1932-35 SEVERAL CASES OF RETROBULBAR OR OPTIC NEUROPATHY RESULTED FROM USE OF DEPILATORY, KOREMLU CREAM, CONTAINING APPROX 7% THALLIUM ACETATE.THERE HAVE BEEN MANY CASES OF FATAL & NON-FATAL POISONING FROM MEDICINAL USE OF THALLIUM ... . THE LETHAL DOSE FOR HUMAN BEINGS NEARLY APPROX TO THE THERAPEUTIC DOSE (8 MG OF THALLIUM ACETATE PER KG BODY WT) & SINCE DEATH HAS BEEN RECORDED IN A 10 YR OLD BOY AFTER INGESTION OF 166 MG OF THALLIUM ACETATE, IT HAS BEEN SUGGESTED THAT THE MINIMUM LETHAL DOSE FOR AN ADULT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ABOUT 0.8 G CORRESPONDING TO ABOUT 12 MG/KG BODY WT.A case of intellectual impairment, residual ataxia and spastic paraparesis in a 42 yr old man who was given oral thallium acetate for scalp ringworm at the age of 7 is reported.Based on the limited data available, children seem to be no more sensitive to the acute toxic or lethal effects of thallium than adults. In a series of 8,006 children estimated to have been given single oral doses of 3.1-7.8 mg Tl/kg body weight of thallous acetate as a depilatory, 447 (6%) became ill and eight (0.1%) died.For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for THALLIUM(I) ACETATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | /INVESTIGATOR FOUND/ IN CHRONIC POISONING ONE OF THE MOST STRIKING FEATURES IS LOSS OF HAIR. ... GIVING THALLIUM ACETATE TO RATS IN A DOSAGE BY MOUTH OF ABOUT 0.45 MG/KG DAILY FOUND THAT THEY ALL DIED SUDDENLY AT THE END OF 4 MO, ALL HAVING SHOWN TYPICAL DEPILATORY ACTION @ END OF 6 WK. THE ONLY PRECEDING SYMPTOMS HAD BEEN LOSS OF WT & APPETITE. ... OTHER DISORDERS /FROM FEEDING 0.1 MG DAILY TO YOUNG RATS/ ... INCL BONE LESIONS RESEMBLING OSTEITIS FIBROSA, EYE LESIONS, KERATITIS, CATARACT, RETROBULBAR ... NEUROPATHY, PARTIAL OPTIC ATROPHY & HORMONE DYSFUNCTION. ... /ALSO/ PROLIFERATIVE LESIONS IN FORESTOMACH ... PAPILLOMAS & EPITHELIAL CYSTS EXTENDING INTO MUCOSA BUT NOT TO MAIN STOMACH OR OTHER ORGANS.SHEEP SHOW ANOREXIA, DEPRESSION, WEAKNESS, RECUMBENCY & TORTICOLLIS. THERE IS USUALLY A DISCHARGE FROM MOUTH & NOSTRILS, & ULCERATION OF TONGUE, WITH RUMINAL PARESIS & CONSTIPATION. AS THE CONDITION PROGRESSES, ALOPECIA DEVELOPS. CHIEF LESIONS ARE AN INTENSE HEMORRHAGIC GASTROENTERITIS WITH ULCERATION, PARTICULARLY OF THE STOMACH OR ABOMASUMENLARGEMENT & FATTY DEGENERATION OF LIVERCONGESTION OF SPLEEN & KIDNEYS, WITH EVIDENCE OF PARENCHYMATOUS NEPHRITIS, & HYPEREMIA OF BRAIN.REPEATED DAILY INGESTION OF THALLIUM 1+ ACETATE INCORPORATED IN DIET WAS TOLERATED @ 0.001% LEVEL BY RATS0.003% WAS LETHAL TO MALE, BUT NOT FEMALE, RATS (15 WK)... .CHIEF FUNCTIONAL DISTURBANCES IN NERVOUS SYSTEM ARE HYPOTONIA & ATAXIA. PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES ARE CONFINED TO CONTROL & PERIPHERAL AXONS OF PRIMARY NEURONS & ARE OF DYING BACK TYPE.For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for THALLIUM(I) ACETATE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Evidence for Carcinogenicity | CLASSIFICATION: Dnot classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on the lack of carcinogenicity data in animals and humans. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. |
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| RAIS Toxicity Values | 1e-05SCREEN Current5e-05PPRTV Current |
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| Non-Human Toxicity Values | LD50 Rat oral 41.2 mg/kg (LD50 Rat ip 29.6 mg/kg |
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| EPA Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values | Thallium AcetatePDF DocumentInadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential2012 |
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| Hazard Quotient Level 0.1 or Cancer Risk Level 1E-06 | 7.80e-011.20e+012.00e-012.00e+004.1e-05 |
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| Hazard Quotient Level 3 or Cancer Risk Level 1E-04 | 2.30e+003.50e+016.00e-012.00e+001e-05Volatile |
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| CERCLA-Meldepflichtmengen | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
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| Clean Water Act Anforderungen | Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Thallium and cmpd/ |
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| Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | (AZ) ARIZONA 13 ug/l /Thallium/(MN) MINNESOTA 0.6 ug/l /Thallium/ |
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| Federal Drinking Water Standards | EPA 2 ug/l /Thallium/ |
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| Bundesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | EPA 0.5 ug/l /Thallium/ |
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