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Kaliumcarbonat
K2CO3 · Anhydrous potassium carbonate · POTASH · potassium carbonate anhydrous · POTASSIUM CARBONATE USP · Kaliumcarbonat · PotassiumCarbonateFcc · PotassiumCarbonateAnhydrousK2CO3
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 584-08-7 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | CK2O3 |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 138,205 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 137,91215683 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=C([O-])[O-].[K+].[K+] |
| InChIKey | BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
| PubChem CID | 11430 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2105894 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:131526 |
| EC No. | 209-529-3 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID2036245 |
| Lokaler Name | Kaliumcarbonat |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 63,2 |
|---|---|
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 3 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 0 |
| Schwere Atome | 6 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 18 |
| pH | pH = 11.6 (aqueous solution)10.52(1 mM solution)11(10 mM solution)11.36(100 mM solution) |
| Geruch | Odorless |
| Geschmack | Alkaline taste |
| Dichte | 2.29 g/cu cm2.29 g/cm³2.29 @25 °C2.43 g/mL at 25 °C |
| Color/Form | Colorless cubic crystalshygroscopicGranules or granular powderWhite, deliquescent, granular, translucent powder |
| Löslichkeit | Very soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanolFor more Solubility (Complete) data for POTASSIUM CARBONATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.Insoluble in alcohol and acetone111 g/100 g water at 25 °CSoluble in 1 part cold, 0.7 part boiling water.Solubility in water (g K2CO3/100 g H2O): 105.5 at 0 °C108.0 at 10 °C110.5 at 20 °C113.7 at 30 °C155.7 at 100 °CH2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless1120 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Siedepunkt | Decomposesdecomposes [STR93] |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O. |
| Schmelzpunkt | 899 °C891 °C891 °C (lit.) |
| Physical Description | Dry PowderOther SolidLarge CrystalsCBILiquidWhite, very deliquescent powder.The hydrate occurs as small, white, translucent crystals or granulesWhite deliquescent powder[Hawley] Available as a solid (anhydrous or sesquihydrate) and concentrated solution (47% potassium carbonate)[CHEMINFO]COLOURLESS HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS OR HYGROSCOPIC WHITE POWDER. |
| Other Experimental Properties | HygroscopicEnthalpy of fusion: 27.60 kJ/mol at 899 °CDecomposes on heating with CO2 loss.Deliquesces in moist airFor more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for POTASSIUM CARBONATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Lagerbedingungen | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| Aggregatzustand | powder |
| pKa (Säurekonstante) | 10.33[at 20 ℃] |
| Farbe | Yellow |
| Wichte | 2.29 |
| Geruch | at 100.00%. odorless |
| Spezifische Wärmekapazität | Cp(crystal): 0.83 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,7619 |
| BRN | 4267587 |
| Dielektrizitätskonstante | 5.6(16.0℃) |
| Stabilität | Stable. Incompatible with moisture, acids, magnesium bromine trifluoride and magnesium bromine trichloride. |
| Kosmetik-Inhaltsstoffe Funktionen | BUFFERING |
| InChI | 1S/CH2O3.2K/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)/q2*+1/p-2 |
| InChIKey | BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
| SMILES | [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O |
| CAS Datenbank | 584-08-7(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Dipotassium carbonate(584-08-7) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Potassium carbonate (584-08-7) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.9% (25 of 2657) of reports.WarningH302 (15.4%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]H315 (45%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]H319 (97.7%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H335 (42.3%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposureRespiratory tract irritation]P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 2657 reports by companies from 73 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 25 of 2657 reports by companies.There are 72 notifications provided by 2632 of 2657 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website. |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Chemical: Carbonic acid, dipotassium saltCarbonic acid, potassium salt (1:2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Carbonic acid, potassium salt (1:2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 17-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15221Potassium carbonate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Alkaline salts-carbonates: Human health tier II assessmentIMAP assessments - Carbonic acid, dipotassium salt: Environment tier I assessment |
| Brandgefahren | Not combustible. |
| Gefahrenübersicht | An irritant to tissues[Hawley] Probably a severe eye irritant[CHEMINFO] May be caustic[HSDB] |
| FDA-Anforderungen | Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).Potassium carbonate used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: potassium carbonate is included in antidiarrheal drug products.Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: potassium carbonate is included in digstive aid drug products. |
| Special Reports | European Chemicals BureauESIS Database/IUCLID Dataset for Potassium Carbonate (584-08-7) (2000 CD-ROM edition) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.[Available from, as of February 23, 2011: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/] |
| EPA Safer Chemical | Chemical: Potassium carbonate, anhydrousGreen circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern based on experimental and modeled data. |
| FIFRA-Anforderungen | Residues of carbonic acid, dipotassium salt are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: buffering agent.As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Potassium carbonate is found on List D. Case No: 4066Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobialCase Status: None of the active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants. All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as "unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled." |
| Chemical Dangers | The solution in water is a medium strong base. Reacts violently with acids and chlorine trifluoride. Reacts with powdered metals. |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Acute Tox. 4 (15.4%)Skin Irrit. 2 (45%)Eye Irrit. 2A (97.7%)STOT SE 3 (42.3%)Not ClassifiedEye damage - category 1Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) - category 3Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 4Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 2Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2ASerious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 1Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) - Category 3Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Long-term) - Category 3 |
| Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations | May cause respiratory tract irritation...May cause skin irritation... May cause eye irritation....Irritating to skin, mucous membrane of eyes and upper respiratory tract. |
| Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities | Incompatible with KCOchlorine trifluoridemagnesium.The mixture of magnesium and potassium carbonate recommended by Castellana as a safe substitute for molten sodium in the Lassaigne test can itself be hazardous, as an equimolar mixture gives an explosive substance (possibly 'carbonylpotassium', potassium benzenehexoxide) on heating.Combination of chlorine trifluoride and ... potassium carbonate ... results in a violent reaction. |
| Brandbekämpfung | In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. |
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention . |
| Sichere Lagerung | Dry. Separated from strong acids. |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment. The product itself does not burn.Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. |
| Lagerbedingungen | Keep tightly closed.Potassium carbonate is stored in bunkersthe ventilation air must be dry because of the hydroscopicity of the product.Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. |
| Reinigungsverfahren | Accidental release measures. Do not let product enter drains. |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. |
| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. |
| Preventive Measures | Hand protection: handle with gloves. Eye protection: safety glasses. Skin and body protection: choose body protection according to the amount and concentration of the dangerous substance at the work place.Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.Accidental release measures. Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing dust.If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration Consult a physician. In case of skin contact, wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician. In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician. If swallowed, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician.SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place. |
| Eye Prevention | Wear safety goggles. |
| Inhalation Risk | A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. |
| Skin Prevention | Protective gloves. |
| Wechselwirkungen | Changes in urinary parameters (electrolyte levels and pH) and DNA synthesis and the morphology of the bladder epithelium were investigated in rats that were fed for 4 to 6 weeks on diets containing various Na, K, Mg, or Ca carbonate salts (3%) with or without L-ascorbic acid (5%). Beside increases in urinary pH and electrolyte levels, DNA synthesis in the bladder epithelium was increased in groups given sodium bicarbonate /and/ potassium carbonate with or without L-ascorbic acid. Furthermore some morphological alterations in the bladder epithelium were induced. Administration of ascorbic acid in combination with the salts induced levels of change greater than those with the salts alone. After administration of ascorbic acid with NH4Cl alone ... those effects on the bladder epithelium were not observed. Therefore, the authors suggest that the degree of DNA synthesis and/or morphological alteration in the rat bladder epithelium after treatment with various bases may depend on changes in urinary concentrations of sodium or potassium ions and/or pH and the presence of ascorbic acid in the urine. |
| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC50Species: Ceriodaphnia dubia (Water Flea) age <24 hrConditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH 7.5-9.0, dissolved oxygen >40%Concentration: 630000 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 580000-670000 ug/L) /technical/Concentration: 630000 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 580000-670000 ug/L) /technical/Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hrConditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.5-9.0, dissolved oxygen >40%Concentration: 670000 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 440000-880000 ug/L) /technical/Concentration: 650000 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 380000-820000 ug/L) /technical/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for POTASSIUM CARBONATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns. |
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion. |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following 6 carbonate salts are safe in the present practices of use and concentration, as described in this safety assessment, when formulated to be non-irritating...Potassium Carbonate...Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications |
| Ökotoxizitätsauszüge | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ Interaction of potash and Decis /Deltametarim/ in the ecophysiology of a freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus, was studied. It was found that 300, 550 and 700 mg/L of potash were sublethal (LC0), median lethal (LC50), and toxic (LC100) to O. mossambicus for 96 hr exposure, respectively. Sublethal concentrations of potash and decis were exposed to fishes individually and in combination for 28 days. The results revealed that the combined effect of these chemicals was more highly toxic to food intake, growth, and conversion efficiencies than the individual chemicals. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Sore throat. Cough.Redness. Pain.Burning sensation in the throat and chest. |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Too strong alkali to be used internally. In large doses it is caustic irritant. |
| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rabbit skin. Irritating (Draize test) /Potassium carbonate hydrate//LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ LD50 Oral (gavage) rat >2000 mg/kg (no mortalities in 15 day observation period)/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Exptl irrigation of surface of the eyes of rabbits with 10% soln...at pH 11.6 for 30 seconds caused pain and very slight transient optical irregularity of epithelium./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Dietary administration of 5% L-ascorbic acid plus 3% potassium carbonate to male Fischer-344 rats enhanced the development of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine. This was associated with changes in urinary parameters (elevation of pH increased potassium content, increased total ascorbic acid content). Administration of potassium carbonate without ascorbic acid increased the induction of the preneoplastic lesion, but not neoplastic lesions.For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for POTASSIUM CARBONATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Probable Routes of Human Exposure | According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of potassium carbonate is 1000 or greaterthe data may be greatly underestimated(1).NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 478,866 workers (139,011 of these were female) were potentially exposed to potassium carbonate in the US(1). |
| Antidote and Emergency Treatment | /SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds//SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 6 to 12 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds//SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first signs of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds/ |
| Toxicity Data | LC (rat) = > 500 mg/m3 |
| F | 3 |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 1 |
| TSCA-Inventar-Status | TSCA listed |
| UN-Transportnummer | 3262 |
| Zollcode | 28364000 |
| RTECS-Nr. | TS7750000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 22-36/37/38-20/21/22 |
| Toxizität | LD50 orally in rats: 1.87 g/kg, H. F. Smyth et al., Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 30, 470 (1969) |
| Gefahrensymbole | Xn |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 26-36-37/39 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 8Eye Irrit. 2Skin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3 |
| Verpackungsgruppe | III |
| Lagerklasse | 13 - Non Combustible Solids |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 584-08-7(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Verwenden
Potassium carbonate is used in the chemical industry as a source of inorganic potassium salts (potassium silicates, potassium bicarbonate), which are used in fertilizers, soaps, adhesives, dehydrating agents, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Potassium carbonate used to make potassium lye produces soft soaps, which are liquids or semisolids rather than solids. Other uses of potassium carbonate includes use as a fire suppressant in extinguishers, as a CO2 absorbent for chemical processes and pollution control, an antioxidant in rubber additives, and in pharmaceutical formulations.