3,5-Dichlorphenol

log Kow = 3.62

3.62-3.68

less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

Very soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether; soluble in petroleum ether

In water, 5,380 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.54 (poor)

451 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

233 °C

at 100.9kPa: 233 °C

154 °F (NTP, 1992)

68 °C

68 °C

0.08 [mmHg]

0.00842 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 25 °C: 1

Prisms (from petroleum ether) or pink crystals. (NTP, 1992)

Colorless solid; [ICSC] Yellowish solid; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.9% (1 of 54) of reports.

Danger

H302 (79.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 54 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Prolonged contact can cause damage to the eyes, severe irritation and burns. Exposure to this class of compounds may cause profuse sweating, intense thirst, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cyanosis from methemoglobinemia, hyperactivity, stupor, blood pressure fall, hyperpnea, hemolysis, convulsions, collapse, coma and pulmonary edema followed by pneumonia. If death from respiratory failure is not immediate, jaundice and oliguria or anuria may occur. Other symptoms of exposure to this class of compounds may include headache, dizziness, rapid and difficult breathing, weakness, severe burns and internal damage. Chronic exposure may result in digestive disturbances, nervous disorders, skin eruptions and liver and kidney damage. Skin contact with this type of compound may result in softening and whitening of the skin, followed by the development of painful burns. Prolonged contact may lead to dermatitis. Local contact may also result in painless blanching or erythema and corrosion of the skin. Skin sensitivity reactions occur occasionally.

A severe skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; May cause chloracne; [ICSC] Adverse effects may include skin burns, methemoglobinemia, liver injury, kidney injury, and convulsions; [CAMEO] An irritant; Effects in high-dose animal studies include convulsions or effect on seizure threshold; [MSDSonline] See CHLOROPHENOLS.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 3,5-dichlorophenol stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic effects from exposure to this crystalline substance may occur from dermal contact or inhalation and include burning of the skin, headache, dizziness, cyanosis, and death from cardiac or respiratory failure. Personnel handling 3,5-dichlorophenol should wear protective clothing, gloves, boots, goggles, and an approved dust respirator. In emergency situations, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus and structural firefighter's protective clothing. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. In case of contact with 3,5-dichlorophenol, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, and wash affected areas of the skin with soap and water. 3,5-Dichlorophenol does not ignite easily, but it can burn, producing irritating and poisonous gases. For small fires involving 3,5-dichlorophenol, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or standard foam, and for large fires, use water spray, fog, or standard foam. Dike runoff from fire control water if necessary to keep it from entering water sources or sewers. 3,5-Dichlorophenol may be shipped via air, rail, road, or water in containers bearing the label, "Keep away from food." Small spills of 3,5-dichlorophenol solution may be taken up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and placed into containers for later disposal. Large spills should be contained in pits, or other holding areas that are sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner. Solids should be covered with a plastic sheet. Spills of 3,5-dichlorophenol in water may be trapped at the bottom with sand bag barriers, activated charcoal applied, and trapped material removed with suction hoses, mechanical dredges, or lifts. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance.

Nat'l Research Council Canada; Chlorinated Phenols (1982) NRCC No. 18578

KOZAK VP ET AL; REVIEWS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS: XI. CHLOROPHENOLS; US EPA REP EPA-600/1-79-012: 519 PAGES (1979). THIS PAPER DISCUSSES THE HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ANALYTICAL METHODS, BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS (HUMAN & NON-HUMAN), ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRIBUTION & TRANSFORMATION & ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS OF CHLOROPHENOLS & THEIR CONSEQUENCES. AVAILABLE DATA INDICATE THAT CHLOROPHENOLS DO NOT POSSESS TUMORIGENIC, MUTAGENIC OR TERATOGENIC PROPERTIES.

Environmental Protection Service. Chlorophenols and Their Impurities in the Canandian Environment Report EPS 3-EC-81-2 (1981).

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Chlorinated Phenols (1980) EPA 440/5-80-032.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 3,5-DICHLOROPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./to contain liquid or solid material. Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Trichlorophenol/

Water Spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. If dissolved, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Trichlorophenol/

ACTIVATED CARBON IS A GOOD METHOD FOR REMOVING CHLOROPHENOLS FROM WATER. COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION OCCURS BETWEEN CHLOROPHENOLS & HUMIC SUBSTANCES PRESENT IN NEARLY ALL MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES. THIS COMPETITION DECR THE CAPACITY OF CARBON FOR CHLOROPHENOLS. /CHLOROPHENOLS/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Keep material out of water sources and sewers; Build dikes to contain flow as necessary; Keep upwind; Avoid breathing vapors or dusts; Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Trichlorophenol/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Immediately wash contaminated areas of skin with concentrated soap solution. Contaminated gloves, clothing, shoes should be removed without delay and disposed by incineration.

3,5-Dichlorophenol was identified, not quantified, in urine samples of children residing in Arkansas near a herbicide plant(1). 3,5-Dichlorophenol was detected in 7 of 7 urine samples collected from adults at concentrations ranging from 11 to 60 ppb, with an average concentration of 27 ppb(2). 3,5-Dichlorophenol was detected in 10 of 10 urine samples collected from adults at concentrations ranging from 6 to 42 ppb, with an average concentration of 19 ppb(3).

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, age 3 days, exponential growth phase); Conditions: freshwater, static, 23 °C, flask bioassay, continuous white light and stirring; Concentration: 1790 ug/L for 72 hr (95% confidence interval: 1660-1920 ug/L); Effect: decreased population growth rate /100% purity/

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, age 3 days, exponential growth phase); Conditions: freshwater, static, 23 °C, microplate bioassay, continuous white light and stirring; Concentration: 1960 ug/L for 72 hr (95% confidence interval: 1700-2110 ug/L); Effect: decreased population growth rate /100% purity/

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 2300 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: growth, general

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, 0.9-2.1 x10+4 cells/mL); Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.5-8.5, miniscale test; Concentration: 3200 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 2500-4100 ug/L); Effect: decreased population growth rate, total cell volume

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 3,5-DICHLOROPHENOL (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PENTACHLOROPHENOL DECOMPOSES, WITHIN FEW WEEKS AFTER APPLICATION TO RICE FIELDS, BY REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION. STABLE DECOMP PRODUCTS INCL 3,5-DICHLOROPHENOL.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,200(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.62(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 3,5-dichlorophenol is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 3,5-dichlorophenol is 8.14(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of 3,5-dichlorophenol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-7 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its vapor pressure, 0.00842 mm Hg(6), and water solubility, 7,394 mg/L(6). 3,5-Dichlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(6). The half-life of 3,5-dichlorophenol in an aquifer slurry was reported as 1 day(7) suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,200(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.62(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 3,5-dichlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.00842 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 7,394 mg/L(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 190 days and 47 months, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), a measured BCF of 9 to 82(6) suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. A half-life of about 14 days in water(4), suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 3,5-dichlorophenol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.00842 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3,5-dichlorophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 1 day(SRC), calculated from its estimated rate constant of 1.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 3,5-Dichlorophenol contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... Ten European laboratories took part in an inter-laboratory study using different commercial devices based on bioluminescence inhibition of bacteria Vibrio fischeri. Reproducibility and stability by short toxicity endpoints, effective concentration that gives 10%, 50% and 80% of inhibition (EC(10), EC(50) and EC(80)) is evaluated. Parametric and non-parametric statistic is applied and performance of participant laboratories is addressed by z-scores calculated by non-parametric statistic. z-Score classification was based on harmonised protocol for proficiency testing of analytical laboratories (satisfactory |z|</=2; questionable 2<|z|</=3; unsatisfactory |z|>3). Tested samples were phenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol and influent wastewater. Based on z-score classification, more than 70% of the laboratories showed a satisfactory performance for phenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol and influent wastewater (86%, 90% and 70%, respectively). Reproducibility and stability was observed in toxicant references and in wastewater samples. EC(80) determination appears to be more robust that EC(10) and EC(50). EC determinations can be considered favorable at 5 and 15min of exposition, in particular for EC(80). The use of different commercial devices can not be considered an additional source of variation.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ A rapid and simple ecotoxicological bioassay allows quick estimation of the effects of ... 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP) on the growth of the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly Selenastrum capricornutum). The effects of a 15-min exposure to... 3,5-DCP on delayed fluorescence (DF) in P. subcapitata were compared to the results of standard growth inhibition tests involving 72 hr of exposure to these chemicals at the same concentrations. Integrated DF intensity in the time period from 0.6 to 50s was found to correlate with algal growth inhibition as measured by the standard tests.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The polychaete Platynereis dumerilii (Polychaeta: Nereidae) has been evaluated as a candidate bioassay species for marine ecotoxicity testing. The species conforms with many of the requirements of an ideal bioassay organism in that (i) it is amenable to laboratory culture, (ii) its relatively small size makes it convenient for handling and laboratory exposure studies, (iii) its diet is defined and can be controlled, (iv) it reproduces throughout the year and, using photoperiod manipulation, can be induced to spawn as required, and (v) it has a short life cycle (approximately 3 months at 20 °C) making it feasible to study the effects of xenobiotics on chronic endpoints such as reproduction. The components of the life history which have been examined to date include fertilization rate, embryo-larval development, and larval survival. These life stages were evaluated using the reference materials used in the 1991 International Paris Commission (PARCOM) Ring Test (namely, the biocides, Bioban P-1487 and Vantocil IB, and the widely used reference toxicant, 3,5-dichlorophenol). For fertilization rate, the median effect concentrations (1-hr EC50 values) were ... 1.92 [corrected] mg/L for 3,5-dichlorophenol ... For embryo-larval development, the median effect concentrations (48-hr EC50 values) were ... 2.13 mg/L for 3,5-dichlorophenol ... . For larval survival, the median lethal concentrations (48-hr LC50 values) were ... 3.64 mg/L for 3,5-dichlorophenol ... .

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In order to investigate possible synergistic or antagonistic (more or less than additive) toxicity effects, mixtures of chemicals were tested in water using a microbial bioassay. Ten toxicants (3,4-dichloroaniline, 3,5-dichlorophenol, cadmium, chromium, copper, Lindane, linear alkylbenzene sulphonate, pentachlorophenol, toluene, zinc) were chosen on the basis of their common occurrence in industrial effluents within local waste water treatment plants. These toxicants also cover a wide range of modes of toxic action, namely, polar and non-polar narcosis, membrane disruption, respiratory disruption, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, biochemical disruption and enzyme inhibition. Efficient screening for possible combination toxicity between toxicants involved testing the chemicals both singly and in triplet combinations. The triplets were based on four replicates of a balanced incomplete block design (BIB). A standardised Vibrio fischeri rapid toxicity bioluminescence assay was used. The combinations tested showed that only one mixture was found to be significantly more toxic than expected from the pure single-toxicant results. Two triplets were significantly less toxic. Further tests on the more toxic triplet showed that the effect was due to only one of the 45 pairs originally screened.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 3,5-DICHLOROPHENOL (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Sore throat. Burning sensation.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=591-35-5]

Biologically treated effluent samples from nine Canadian bleached softwood kraft mills were analyzed for chlorinated phenolic content. Chlorinated phenolics, including 3,5-dichlorophenol, are present in effluent discharged from bleached kraft mills and are not expected to contribute an off-odor to recipient waters.

3,5-Dichlorophenol was detected in 7 of 34 treated water samples collected at a sewage treatment plant in Karkola, Finland between September 1989 and November 1990 at an average concentration of 0.34 ug/L(1). 3,5-Dichlorophenol was detected in one sample of aqueous leachate collected at a hazardous waste site in Germany at a concentration of 2.8 ppm(2). 3,5-Dichlorophenol was detected in 2 of 5 samples of gas emissions from a metal reclamation plant in Finland, at an average concentration of 0.1 ug/cu Nm(3).

The Koc of 3,5-dichlorophenol is estimated as 1,200(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.62(1), and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 3,5-dichlorophenol is expected to have low mobility in soil. The pKa of 3,5-dichlorophenol is 8.18(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

Dichlorophenols can be synthesized directly by soil fungi utilizing chloride ions and humic phenols found in soil(1); chloroperoxidase enzymes released into soil by fungi can also bring about the chlorination of humic phenols with chloride ions(1). Chlorophenols may be released into the environment through burning of fresh lignocellulosic biomass during forest fires(2).

Chlorinated phenols ... are very effective (in vitro) as uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. They thus prevent incorporation of inorganic phosphate into ATP without affecting electron transport. As a result of this action, cells continue to respire but soon are depleted of ATP necessary for growth. /Chlorophenols/

Because of their high lipid solubility and low ionization at physiological pH, dichlorophenols would be expected to be readily absorbed following ingestion. /Dichlorophenols/

Dichlorophenol isomers are absorbed through the skin and from the gut. /Dichlorophenol isomers/

... Readily absorbed from the gastroenteric tract and from parenteral sites of injection. /Chlorophenols/

A metabolite of polychlorinated phenol and benzene hexachloride pesticides; Found in chlorinated waste water; Used as a research chemical; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

RESEARCH CHEMICAL

... Catalytic hydrodechlorination of polychlorophenols in organic or aqueous media with a palladium catalyst was used to obtain 3-chlorophenol and 3,5-dichlorophenol. Hydrodechlorination of polychlorophenols with hydriodic acid in an aqueous or organic medium has also been reported.

HYDROLYSIS OF 1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE USING A COPPER, ZINC OR IRON HALIDE CATALYST; PARTIAL DEHALOGENATION OF POLYCHLOROPHENOL; DIAZOTIZATION OF 3,5-DICHLOROANILINE FOLLOWED BY HYDROLYSIS OF THE DIAZONIUM SALT

Hydrolysis of chlorobenzenes can be carried out in alkaline aqueous media, with or without the presence of copper salts. It can be done in the vapor phase at 250 - 400 °C on phosphates or on silica at 500 - 550 °C. Hydrolysis is most frequently carried out in the presence of methanolic sodium or potassium at 150 - 200 °C and 1.0 - 3.0 MPa. /Mono-, Di-, and Trichlorophenols with Chlorine in a Meta Position/

Sulfonation of chlorobenzenes followed by the desulfonation of chlorobenzenesulfonic acids can be used to produce numerous chlorophenols. The chlorobenzenes are sulfonated by using 15 - 20% oleum at 60 - 80 °C. The subsequent desulfonation is usually carried out by using 15 - 25% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 180 - 220 °C and 1.5 - 3.0 MPa. /Mono-, Di-, and Trichlorophenols with Chlorine in a Meta Position/

For more Methods of Manufacturing (Complete) data for 3,5-DICHLOROPHENOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.