Allyl acetate

Other Classes -> Esters, Other

Flammable agents - 3rd degree

0.9275 g/cu cm at 20 °C

0.928 @ 20°C

Soluble in acetone; miscible in ethanol and ethyl ether.

2.8% in water at 20 °C

72 °F (NFPA, 2010)

22 °C

103.5 °C

103 °C @760 [mm Hg]

Danger

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 47 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

Chemical: Acetic acid, 2-propenyl ester

Acetic acid, 2-propenyl ester: HSNO Approval: HSR001241 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

...EVOLVE FLAMMABLE...VAPORS.

Dangerous fire hazard.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

· TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.

A tumorigen and moderate eye irritant; Causes gastritis, hepatitis, and weight loss in feeding studies of rats; [RTECS] A strong irritant; Irritation and lacrimation observed in animal studies; Enzymatic hydrolysis required for hepatotoxic activation in rat feeding studies; Emergency medical treatment: lacrimators; [HSDB] May irritate or burn skin and eyes; [CAMEO] Effects in gavage study with rats at 100 mg/kg include decreases in hematocrit, increases in ALT and other liver enzymes, necrosis and hemorrhage of the forestomach, and changes in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and thymus; [NTP]

ALLYL ACETATE is an ester. Reacts with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Generates heat with strong oxidizing acids. The reaction may be sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Also generates heat with basic solutions. Generates flammable hydrogen with alkali metals and hydrides. Emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes when heated to decomposition.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

General First Aid:

STORAGE TANKS OUTSIDE BUILDING SHOULD BE BUNDED /SRP: DIKED/ TO PREVENT SPREAD OF ACCIDENTALLY ESCAPING LIQUID, & A RAMPED SILL SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED AT DOORWAYS OF STOREROOMS TO RETAIN FLAMMABLE LIQUID THAT MAY ESCAPE FROM STORAGE VESSELS INSIDE. /ALLYL ALCOHOL/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

...VAPOR SHOULD BE PREVENTED FROM ESCAPING...INTO WORKROOM BY...EXHAUST VENTILATION. WHEN PROCESSES CANNOT BE ENCLOSED, EXHAUST...HOODS SHOULD BE FITTED TO TRAP & EXTRACT ESCAPING VAPOR BEFORE IT CAN DIFFUSE INTO WORKROOM ATMOSPHERE. /ALLYL ALCOHOL/

PRECAUTIONS MUST BE ADOPTED...TO EXCLUDE OPEN LIGHTS OR ANY AGENCIES CAPABLE OF IGNITING VAPOR WHEN LIQUID IS BEING HANDLED IN A WARM WORKROOM. /ALLYL ALCOHOL/

TO PREVENT THE LIQUID OR VAPOR FROM COMING INTO CONTACT WITH THE WORKERS, PROCESSES IN WHICH ALLYL ALCOHOL IS PRESENT SHOULD...BE CONDUCTED IN ENCLOSED PLANT. /ALLYL ALCOHOL/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ACETIC ACID, ALLYL ESTER (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

Immediate precautionary measure

0.42 [ppm]

4.6 [ppm]

28 [ppm]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

WORKERS WHO...HANDLE ALLYL ALCOHOL, OR WHO MAY BE LIABLE TO...EXPOSURE...SHOULD WEAR...PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT APPROPRIATE TO EXTENT OF... EXPOSURE. ...EYE PROTECTION SHOULD BE PROVIDED /WHEN NECESSARY/. /ALLYL ALCOHOL/

Allyl acetate was identified in approx 40% of the expired air samples collected from an urban population of 28 normal, healthy, non-smoking human subjects(1). It was detected in 36.9% of 387 expired air samples collected from 54 normal, healthy, non-smoking human subjects at a geometric mean concentration of 0.296 ng/l(2).

125 MG/KG TRIORTHOTOLYL PHOSPHATE PRETREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED RISE IN PLASMA ALANINE-ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE TRANSAMINASE ACTIVITY & PREVENTED CHANGES IN LIVER MORPHOLOGY PRODUCED BY 60-150 MG/KG ALLYL ACETATE ADMIN ORALLY TO RATS 18 HR AFTER PRETREATMENT.

O.5 TO 10 MG/KG PRETREATMENT WITH THE DEFOLIANT, S,S,S-TRIBUTYLPHOSPHOROTRITHIOATE (DEF) PROTECTED AGAINST HEPATOTOXICITY OF 60 MG/KG ALLYL ACETATE ADMIN ORALLY TO RATS 18 HR LATER.

PRETREATMENT OF RATS WITH 375 MG/KG PYRAZOLE, AN INHIBITOR OF ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE, COMPLETELY PREVENTED THE ELEVATION OF PLASMA ALANINE-ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE TRANSAMINASE (AKT) ACTIVITY AFTER 90 MG/KG ALLYL ACETATE ADMIN.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.97(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that allyl acetate is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of allyl acetate from moist soil surfaces may be important(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 27.2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2.8X10+4 mg/l(5). The potential for volatilization of allyl acetate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on this compound's vapor pressure(4). In general, acetates are expected to be readily biodegradable(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.97(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that allyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 27.2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2.8X10+4 mg/l(5). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 9.8 hours and 6.0 days, respectively(3). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3.2(3,SRC), from a log Kow(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 1.1 years and 41 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(7), indicate hydrolysis is expected to be a slow process(SRC). In general, acetates are expected to be readily biodegradable(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), allyl acetate, which has a vapor pressure of 27.2 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase allyl acetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours(SRC) from the estimated rate constant(3).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=591-87-7]

The Koc of allyl acetate is estimated as approximately 80(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.97(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that allyl acetate is expected to have high mobility in soil.

VAPOR & LIQ...IRRITATING TO SKIN & MUCOUS MEMBRANE. PRODUCES LACRIMATION & CORNEAL BURNS. LIQ MAY PRODUCE FIRST OR SECOND DEGREE BURNS WITH BLISTERING & SUPERFICIAL NECROSIS. ... INHALED VAPOR MAY LEAD TO PULMONARY EDEMA... /ALLYL ALCOHOL/

ALLYL ACETATE...IS HIGHLY IRRITANT & TOXIC BY INHALATION, INGESTION, EYE, & DERMAL CONTACT.

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated for allyl acetate(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.97(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Henry's Law constant for allyl acetate is estimated as 1.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole at 20 °C(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 27.2 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 2.8X10+4 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that allyl acetate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the estimated volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is approximately 9.8 hours(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is approximately 6.0 days(SRC). Allyl acetate's Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of allyl acetate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 27.2 mm Hg(1).

IT HAS BEEN OBSERVED THAT UNSATURATED ALIPHATIC ESTERS /WHICH INCLUDE THE ALLYL ESTER OF ACETIC ACID/ EXHIBIT IRRITANT AND LACRIMATORY PROPERTIES...

ALLYL ACETATE CAUSES SLIGHT SKIN IRRITATION AND MODERATE EYE EFFECT IN RABBITS. /FROM TABLE/

ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS IS A NECESSARY STEP IN ACTIVATION OF ALLYL ACETATE TO HEPATOTOXINS FROM ORAL ADMIN OF 60-150 MG/KG TO RATS.

A MERCAPTURIC ACID WAS ISOLATED FROM URINE OF RATS TREATED SC WITH ALLYL ACETATE & IDENTIFIED AS 3-HYDROXYPROPYLMERCAPTURIC ACID N-ACETYL-S-3-HYDROXYPROPYL-L-CYSTEINE.

MERCAPTURIC ACIDS WERE DETECTED IN URINE OF RATS FOLLOWING ADMIN OF VARIOUS ALLYL ESTERS WHICH COULD BE METAB BY ACYL-OXYGEN FISSION OR ALKYL-OXYGEN FISSION TO YIELD 3-HYDROXYMERCAPTURIC ACID OR ALLYLMERCAPTURIC ACID. LATTER OCCURRED ONLY WHEN THE ESTER WAS FORMED FROM A STRONG ACID.

Used to make allyl alcohol and as a synthetic flavoring agent; [HSDB]

SYNTHETIC FLAVOR USEFUL IN CHEESE, BUTTER, FRUIT

Allyl acetate is produced mostly for manufacturing allyl alcohol.

BY DECARBOXYLATION BY HEATING ALLYLMALONIC ACID; OR FROM THE CORRESPONDING ETHYL ESTER PREPARED BY BOILING ETHYL 4-CHLORO-N-VALERATE IN QUINOLINE.

By acetoxylation of propylene.

Acetic acid, 2-propen-1-yl ester: ACTIVE

IT IS USED IN NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AT 1.0 PPM; ICE CREAM, ICES AT 2.0 PPM; CANDY AT 5.0 PPM; BAKED GOODS AT 5.0 PPM; MARGARINE AT 2.0 PPM.

FEMA NUMBER 2843

ACYLOXY, SUBSTITUTED OR UNSUBSTITUTED ALKENYL ARE EFFECTIVE COCKROACH REPELLENTS.